Prepared by Faculty

Production-CG Team Debasish Bhutia

SPNE-CG

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 CONTENTS

 Brief about pump

 Classification of pump
 Working of different pumps
 Concept of head- types
 Pump details- parts
 Pump performance
 Cavitation-NPSH

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 PUMP

A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids, gases or slurries. It

increases the mechanical energy of the fluid.

The additional energy can be used to increase -

• Velocity (flow rate)

• Pressure

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 PUMP CLASSIFICATION

Pumps

Positive Displacement Dynamic

Rotary Reciprocating Centrifugal Axial

Single Multiple
Diaphragm Piston, Plunger
rotor rotor

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 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
Positive Displacement pumps apply pressure directly to the liquid by a
reciprocating piston, or by rotating members.

Uses:
1. Can handle shear sensitive liquid.
2. Use for high pressure application
3. Use for variable viscosity applications.

Types-
 Reciprocating pump
 Rotary pump

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 RECIPROCATING PUMP
In Reciprocating pumps, the chamber is a stationary cylinder that contains a
piston or plunger.

Types-
 Piston Pump
 Plunger Pump
 Diaphragm Pump

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 PISTON PUMP

USES
D
• 1.transmission of
fluids or gases
under pressure.
A
• 2.Power
consumption is low.

C • 3.Ensure maximum
B safety.

Piston Pump (double acting)

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 PLUNGER PUMP

 USES

1. Have high efficiency.

2. Capable of developing very

high pressures.

3. Low and easy maintenance

• Plunger pump (single acting)

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 DIAPHRAGM PUMP
 USES
1. flexible diaphragm is
used
(rubber, thermo-plastic,
metal).

2. Can be used to make

artificial hearts.

3. Can handle highly

viscous liquids.

4.Can handle toxic or

corrosive liquids.

5. 97% efficient.

• Diaphragm Pump (single acting)

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 ROTARY PUMP
In Rotary pumps, the chamber moves from inlet to discharge and back to the
inlet. A wide variety of rotary pumps are available like gear pumps, lobe pumps,
screw pumps, cam pumps, vane pumps.

 Most popular: gear pumps

 Relatively constant output

Types-
 Single Rotor
 Multiple Rotor

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 GEAR PUMP

Delivery
Drive Gear
Driven Gear

Inlet Cam

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 SCREW PUMP

Single Screw Rotor

Elastomer Stator Universal Coupling

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 LOBE PUMP

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 DYNAMIC PUMP
 Centrifugal Pumps
This pumps generate high rotational velocities, then convert the resulting kinetic
energy of the liquid to pressure energy.
2 parts: It contains Impeller and casing.

Uses:
1. Centrifugal pumps are generally used where high flow rates and moderate
head increases are required.
2. Can handle fluids containing suspended solids

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 KINETIC PRINCIPLE

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - THEORY

A machine for moving fluid by accelerating the

fluid RADIALLY outward.

From the Center

of a Circle

RADIAL DIRECTION
To the Outside of a Circle

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - WORKING

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - WORKING

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - WORKING

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - WORKING

Volute
Diffuser

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - PARTS

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - PARTS

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - PARTS

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - IMPELLERS

Two Impellers in Series

Direction of Flow

• Twice the pressure

• Same amount of water
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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - IMPELLERS

Multiple Impellers in Series

Direction of Flow Direction of Flow

• Placing impellers in series increases the amount of head produced

• The head produced = no. of impellers x head of one impeller

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 VARIOUS HEADS

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 HEAD

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 HEAD

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 HEAD

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PRESSURE TO HEAD

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STATIC SUCTION HEAD

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 SUCTION LIFT

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 SUCTION HEAD

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STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD

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STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD

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 FRICTION HEAD

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VAPOR PRESSURE HEAD

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 PRESSURE HEAD

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 VELOCITY HEAD

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TOTAL SUCTION HEAD

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TOTAL DISCHARGE HEAD

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TOTAL DIFFERENTIAL HEAD

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 NPSH

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 CAPACITY

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 CONTROLLING PUMP PERFORMANCE

• Changing the amount for friction loss or "Throttling the Pump"

will change the pump's performance

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 PUMP SELECTION

Valve Barely Open

Valve Partially Open

Valve Open
Head

Pump Flow Rate

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 NPSH

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 CAVITATION

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 CAVITATION

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 NPSH

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IMPELLER CAVITATION REGIONS

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 CAVITATION

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 QUERIES

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