PEDRO RUIZ GALLO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SOCIAL HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

FOREIGN LANGUAGES

BASIC ENGLISH II

 Teacher:
Gonzales Llontop, Rosa

 Stage:
II Stage

 Classroom:
Audiovisual

 Students:
Chumacero Carrasco, Walter
García Távara Kevin
Huaman Gavidia Maricielo
Perez Piscoya Nixsa

Lambayeque, 1st of October 2018

Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Nouns can be countable or uncountable. When you learn a new noun you should make a note of whether
it is countable or uncountable as we use different words with countables and uncountables.

Countable nouns

Easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count
pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:

 dog, cat, animal, man, person

 bottle, box, litre
 coin, note, dollar
 cup, plate, fork
 table, chair, suitcase, bag

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

 My dog is playing.
 My dogs are hungry.

We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:

 A dog is an animal.

When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:

 I want an orange. (not I want orange.)

 Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:

 I like oranges.
 Bottles can break.
We can use some and any with countable nouns:

 I've got some dollars.

 Have you got any pens?

We can use a few and many with countable nouns:

 I've got a few dollars.

 I haven't got many pens.

Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate
elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count
"bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more
uncountable nouns:

 music, art, love, happiness

 advice, information, news
 furniture, luggage
 rice, sugar, butter, water
 electricity, gas, power
 money, currency

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:

 This news is very important.

 Your luggage looks heavy.

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say
"an information" or "a music". But we can say a "something" of:

 a piece of news
 a bottle of water
 a grain of rice

We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:

 I've got some money.

 Have you got any rice?

We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:

 I've got a little money.

 I haven't got much rice.
Object Personal Pronouns

SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns
subject object
I me Subject pronouns replace nouns that are the subject of their
clause. In the 3rd person, subject pronouns are often used to avoid
you you repetition of the subject's name.
he him
EXAMPLES
she her
 I am 16.
it it
 You seem lost.
we us  Jim is angry, and he wants Sally to apologize.
 This table is old. It needs to be repainted.
you you  We aren't coming.
they them  They don't like pancakes.

OBJECT PRONOUNS
Object pronouns are used to replace nouns that are the direct or indirect object of a clause.

EXAMPLES

 Give the book to me.

 The teacher wants to talk to you.
 Jake is hurt because Bill hit him.
 Rachid recieved a letter from her last week.
 Mark can't find it.
 Don't be angry with us.
 Tell them to hurry up!
THE VERB SHOULD
 Should is a modal verb.

 Modal verbs are those which need another verb to have a complete meaning.

Structure :

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

SUBJECT + SHOULD + VERB + COMPLEMENT SHOULD + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT +? SUBJECT + SHOULD+NOT + VERB + COMPLEMENT.

You should arrive earlier. Should we go to the meeting? They shouldn´t eat much.
She should go to back to Should they sing at the show? We shouldn´t leave the home.
college.

When we use “should”?

 TO ASK FOR AND GIVE ADVICE

. You should make your homework.

. They should study more.

 TO EXPRESS AN OPINION

. I think you should talk to her.

. In my opinion you should not go with them.

 TO MAKE SUGGESTION

. We should go on a trip.
. You should go visit your aunt.

 TO TALK ABOUT WHAT IS LIKELY TO HAPPEN

.Shall we start? Luke’s delayed but he says he should be here in ten minutes.

.There should be a very big crowd at the party. Mary has so many friends.
Past Simple
We use the Simple Past for:

 actions that started and were completed at a specific time in the past

She finished her work at seven o'clock.

 habitual or repeteadactions in the past

I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.

 completed actions tha happened one after the other in the past

Yesterday I went to the cinema, ate pizza, and played video games.

 Past Simple of regular verbs

Affirmative Negative
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS

I travelled I did not travelled I didn’t travelled

You travelled You did not travelled You didn’t travelled
He travelled He did not travelled He didn’t travelled
She travelled She did not travelled She didn’t travelled
It travelled It did not travelled It didn’t travelled

We travelled We did not travelled We didn’t travelled

You travelled You did not travelled You didn’t travelled
They travelled They did not travelled They didn’t travelled

Questions Short answers

Did I travelled? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t

Did you travelled? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t

Did he travelled? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t

Did she travelled? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t

Did it travelled? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t

Did we travelled? Yes, we did. No, we didn’t

Did you travelled? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t

Did they travelled? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t

 Examples:

SHORT QUESTION: Did you travell to Lima last? Yes,I did.

Where did you travel last week? I travelled to Lima last week.

Formation of the Past Simple of regular verbs

Most verb take –ed. kill → killed

Verbs ending in-e, take –d. like → liked

carry →carried BUT

Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, take –ied. marry →married play → played

Verbs with one syllable ending in plan → planned

one vowel + one consonant double the consonant bin → binned

before the –ed. knit→knitted

Verbs with two or more syllables ending in a emit → emitted BUT

stressed vowel + consonant, double the consonant refer→referred answer→answered

before the –ed. occur→occurred

Verbs ending in one vowel + -l, doublé the –l before travel →travelled

-ed. label →labelled

 Past Simple of irregulars verbs

 Irregular verbs don’t take –ed in the Past Simple

Affirmative I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They forgot

Negative I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They didn’t forget

Questions Did I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They forget?