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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Organizational Behavior is the study and application of
knowledge about how people – as individuals and as groups –
act within organizations.
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Managers are responsible for performance outcome, they are vitally
interested in being able to make an impact on employee behavior,
skill development, team effort , and productivity.
A collect set of Forces affects the nature of organization today can be classified as:
- People
- Structure
- Technology
- Environment
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People
People make up the internal Social System of the Organization. That System consists
of individuals and groups. There are formal and informal groups.
People are the living, thinking, feeling beings who work in the organization to
achieve their objectives.
Remember that Organizations exist to serve people, rather than people existing to
serve organizations.
The Workforce of today organizations are richly diverse (Employees have a wide
array of educational background, talents and perspectives )
Managers need to be tuned in to these diverse pattern and trends and be prepared to
adapt to them.
People in the Organization have to be related in some structural way so that their
work can be effectively coordinated .
Technology
Technology provides the resources with which people work and affects the tasks that
they perform. The Technology used has a significant influence on working
relationships.
The great benefit of technology is that it allows people to do more and better work ,
but it also restricts people in various ways . It has cost as well as benefits.
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Environment
All organizations operate within an internal and an external environment.
A single organization does not exist alone. It is part of a larger System that contains
many other elements, such as government, the family, and other organizations.
Individual Differences
People have much in common but each person in the world is also
individually different. This belief that each person is different from all other
is typically called the ‘Law Of Individual Differences’
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Perception
People look at the world and see things differently. Even when they are
presented with the same object, two people may view it in two different ways.
Their view of their objective environment is filtered by perception, which is the
unique way in which each person sees, organizes, and interprets things.
Employees see their work worlds differently for a variety of reasons since
they may differ in personalities, needs, demographic factors , and past
experiences, or they may find themselves in different physical settings , time
periods, or social surroundings. whatever the reason, they tend to act on the
basis of their perceptions.
If the whole person can be improved, then benefits will extend beyond the
firm into larger society in which each employees lives.
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Motivated Behavior
Normal behavior has certain causes. These may relate to a person’s needs or
the consequences that result from acts.
In the case of needs , people are motivated not by what we think they ought to
have but by what they themselves want. To an outside observer , a person’s
need may be unrealistic, but they are still controlling.
Because of this distinction , people want to be treated with caring, respect, and
dignity; increasingly they demand such treatment from their employers. They refuse
to accept the old idea that they are simply economic tools.
People want to be valued for their skills and abilities and to be provided with
opportunities to develop themselves.
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The Nature of Organizations
• Social Systems
• Mutual Interest
• Ethical Treatment
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Mutual Interest
Organizations need people and people need organizations. Organizations have a
human purpose. They are formed and maintained on the basis of some Mutuality of
Interest among their participants.
Managers need employees to help them reach organizational objectives. And People
need organizations to help them reach individual objectives.
Mutual interest provides a super ordinate goal for employees, the organization, and society
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Ethics
In order to attract and retain valuable employees in an era in which good workers are
constantly recruited away Ethical Treatment is necessary.
When the organization’s goal and actions are ethical, mutuality creates a
Triple Reward System in which Individual, Organizational and social objectives are all
met. People find more satisfaction in work when there is cooperation and teamwork.
They are learning growing and contributing. The organization is also more successful
because it operates more effectively.
Society itself is the most beneficiary of the Triple Reward System. Because it has better
products and services, more capable citizens and overall climate of cooperation and
progress.
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BASIC APPROACHES OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORS
- It is concerned with the growth and development of people toward higher levels of
competency, creativity, and fulfillment, because people are the central resource in any
organization and any society.
- It helps employees become better, more responsible people, and then tries to create a
climate in which they may contribute to the limits of their improved Abilities.
Essentially, the Human Resources approach means that better people achieve
better results.
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2. A CONTINGENCY APPROACH
Managers need to know under what conditions they should choose one behavioral
Approach over another and the contingency framework can help them to do this.
The Contingency approach is also more interdisciplinary, more system oriented, and
more research oriented than the traditional approach.
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3. RESULTS-ORIENTED APPROACH
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TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)
A FORMULA
The Systems Approach compels Managers to take Holistic view of the subject.
Issues are analyzed in terms of the total situation affecting them rather than
in terms of an isolated events or problems.
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BEHAVIORAL BIAS
People become content, not fulfilled. They find excuse for failure rather than
take responsibility for progress. They lack self discipline and self respect.
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THE LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS
The concept implies that for any situation there is an optimum amount of a
desirable practice, such as recognition or participation
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UNETHICAL MANIPULATION OF PEOPLE
People who lack ethical values could use people in unethical ways.
As the general population learns more about Organizational Behavior, it will be more
difficult to manipulate people, but the possibility is always there. That is why the
society needs Ethical Leaders (Managers). Ethical Managers will not manipulate people.