Government Polytechnic amravat

Electronics and telecommunicatons

Wireless battery charger

Guided by
Pachpor sir
 INDEX
 What is Wireless Charger?
 Methods of charging
 Design overview
 Applicatons
 Advantages of wireless charging
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References
 ABSTRACT
This report covers the basis and design of the wireless
battery charger. The wireless charger will convert the RF/
microwave signal at 900 MHz frequency into a DC signal,
and then store the power into an AAA battery. The
project is divided into 3 parts: transmitter, antenna, and
charging circuit. A complete discussion of the
specificatons of the battery charger is provided after
data measurements. This report also includes component
list, financial, data results, and other key informaton.
 INTRODUCTION
Wireless charging eliminates the cable typically required
to charge mobile phones, cordless appliances and so on.
With a wireless charger, the battery inside any battery-
powered appliance can be charged by simply placing the
appliance close to a wireless power transmitter or a
designated charging staton. As a result, the appliance
casing can be made completely sealed, even waterproof.
Besides the inherent convenience it offers, wireless
charging can also greatly enhance reliability, since the
charging plug on the side of an appliance can suffer
mechanical damage easily, or simply by someone
inadvertently plugging in the wrong adapter. The
underlying principle behind wireless charging is the well-
known Faraday’s law of induced voltage, commonly used
in motors and transformers.
 History
Between 1888 and 1906, Nikola Tesla spent most of his tme
and fortune on a series of projects to develop the transmission
of electrical power without wires. New York City had just
installed the world’s first electric power grid in 1886, and it only
served the Lower East Side. Tesla had a far grander vision.
Griffith Observatory (Public Domain) He believed wireless
power was probable, and he built something called a “Tesla
Tower,” which is a giant coil connected to a 200-feet-high tower
with a ball three feet in diameter. Tesla pumped 300 kilowatts
of power into the device, and the coil resonated at 150
kilohertz. The Tesla coil worked by convertng low-voltage
alternatng current electricity to very high voltage and increases
the frequency. His prototype, which is enormous and cost him a
great deal, worked in his lab. But when it came to functoning
on a grander, outdoor scale, the experiment failed: The power
diffused in all directons, and Tesla had no way of containing it
to get the coil to focus its power.
 Methods of charging
The process of supplying the electric charge (electrons) to
an object or losing the electric charge (electrons) from an
object is called charging. An uncharged object can be
charged in different ways.

 Charging by resonace
 Charging by inducton
 Charging by radio wave
 Inductive charging
Inductive charging (also known as wireless charging or cordless
charging) uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy
between two objects through electromagnetic induction. This is
usually done with a charging station. Energy is sent through an
inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use
that energy to charge batteries or run the device.

Induction chargers use an induction coil to create an alternating

electromagnetic field from within a charging base, and a second
induction coil in the portable device takes power from the
electromagnetic field and converts it back into electric current to
charge the battery. The two induction coils in proximity combine
to form an electrical transformer.[1][2] Greater distances
between sender and receiver coils can be achieved when the
inductive charging system uses resonant inductive coupling.
 Resonance charging

Resonance charging is a wireless charging method for items

that require large amounts of power, such as an electric car,
robot, vacuum cleaner or laptop computer. The method works
over small distances (3-5 meters).

For centuries, scientsts have known that resonance causes

objects to reverberate when energy of a certain frequency or
pitch is applied. In resonance charging, two copper coils are
used. One coil, attached to a power source, is the sending unit.
The other coil, attached to the device to be charged, is the
receiver. Both coils are tuned to the same electromagnetc
frequency. When objects of the same resonant frequency are
placed close to one another, the energy produced can be
transferred from one to the other. Researchers have been
studying the potental of "non-radiatve" objects with what they
call "long-lived resonance." When an electromagnetc field is
actvated between these objects, the energy produced remains
fixed in these objects, rather than being dispersed in space.
 Radio wave charging

Radio charging is a wireless charging method used to

charge items with small batteries and low power
requirements, such as watches, hearing aids, medical
implants, cell phones and wireless keyboards and mice.

Radio waves are already in use to transmit and receive

cellular telephone, television, radio and Wi-Fi signals.
They work similarly for electrical transmission. A radio
wave, once transmitted, propogates in all directons untl
it reaches an antenna tuned to the proper frequency to
receive it.9
 1. TRANSMITTER

A transmitter (or radio transmitter) is an electronic device

which produces radio waves with the help of an antenna. A
transmitter generates a radio frequency current applied to
the antenna, which in turn radiates radio waves. A
transmitter generates radio waves for communicaton,
radar and navigatonal purposes. A transmitter can either
be a separate piece of electronic equipment or an
integrated circuit (IC) within another electronic device
Most transmitters are used for radio communicaton of
informaton over a certain distance The informaton that is
provided to the transmitter is in the form of an electronic
signal This includes audio from a microphone, video from a
TV camera, or a digital signal for wireless networking
devices. The transmitter combines the informaton signal
that is to be carried with the RF signal which generates the
radio waves (the carrier). This is called modulaton. In an
FM transmitter, the informaton is added to the radio
signal by slightly varying the radio signal's frequency. In an
AM transmitter, it is added by varying its amplitude.
Several other types of modulaton are also used. ICs, or
integrated circuits, allow high performance circuits to be
built at lesser costs and with significant amounts of space
savings. A transmitter is composed of Power supply The
energy source used to power the device and create the
energy for broadcastng .Electronic oscillator Generates a
wave called the carrier wave where data is imposed and
carried through the air Modulator-adds the actual data
into the carrier wave by varying some aspect of the carrier
wave RF ampifier Increases the power of the signal in
order to increase the range where the waves can reach.

2.RECTENNA

A rectenna is a rectfying antenna, a special type of

antenna that is used to convert microwave energy into
direct current electricity. They are used in wireless power
transmission system that transmits power by radio waves.
In recent years interest has turned to using rectenna as
power sources for small wireless microelectronic devices.

3.RECEIVER

A radio receiver is a device that receives radio waves and

converts the informaton which is carried by them into a
usable form. A radio receiver can be an integrated circuit
(IC) wihin another device. An antenna intercepts
electromagnetc radio waves and then converts them into
alternatng currents that are applied to the receiver, which
extracts the desired informaton. A receiver uses electronic
filters in order to separate the required RF signal from all
the other signals and an electronic amplifier in order to
increase the power of the signal. The receiver finally
recovers the desired informaton through demodulaton
The informaton which is produced by the receiver can
either be an audio signal, a video signal or a digital signal.
Integrated circuits allow high performance circuits to be
built at lesser costs and with significant amounts of space
savings In the context of general communicaton, the
receiver is the one who receives the item, be in the form of
speech, a letter or an object. This concept permeates and
applies to all forms of receivers in any form of technology
as all of them, without excepton, have the ability to
receive something that has been sent by a transmitter in
the form of electromagnetc waves, electric signals, sound
waves or even light. Radio receiver circuits can be found in
TV sets, FM radio devices, GPS devices, satellite dishes,
radio telescopes; Bluetooth enabled devices, radar
equipment, cellular phones,
 APPLICATION

 Smart Phones, Portable Media Players, Digital Cameras,

Tablets and Wearables:
Consumers are asking for easy-to-use solutons, increased
freedom of positoning, and shorter charging tmes. These
applicatons typically require 2 W to 15 W of power. Mult-
standard interoperabili
 mice, keyboards and many other applicatons can benefit
from wireless power transmission. Plugging charging
cables into the tny connectors of ever-shrinking devices is
an impediment to robust design. For example, Bluetooth
headsets need to be sweat-proof to survive in a gym
environment. Only wireless charging can enable that
possibility.
 Computer Systems: Laptops, notebooks, ultra books and
tablet PCs are all candidates for wireless charging as either
hosts or clients. The possibilites are endless.
 ADVANTAGES
1. Convenience:
The number one benefit of having wireless charging is
that you will never have to deal with cords again. It
leaves the need of messy cords and makes it much
simpler by just letting you drop your phone at the
charging staton. Additonally, you will not have to worry
about where you left your cord and the need for
different chargers. With wireless chargers, you can
charge all your phones simultaneously.
2. Multple Device Charging:
Today, we may have several smartphones in the same
room. Usually, most smartphones have the same
chargers; there can stll be a difference when it comes to
Apple and Android phones. Having a wireless charging
pad can allow you to charge different smartphones
simultaneously. Having a multple device charging
staton will not only help you to charge your
smartphones but also likewise devices like tablets,
laptops, etc. With this, you can reduce the amount of
cables and internatonal power adapters at your home
and workplace.
 DISADVANTAGES
1. Compatbility:
Although the same charging statons can be used for
different devices, there are people who have
witnessed an issue with the same. There are cases
where people have reported to have faced problems
with regards to charging varied devices. There have
also been compatbility issues with some
smartphones not being attracted to draw in power
from the power staton.
2. Performance:
One of the reasons why wireless charging is not fully
integrated is that it stll lacks efficiency compared to
traditonal chargers. There are certain wireless
chargers which simply cannot reach the same
efficiency level as compared to traditonal ones, which
can make the charging process slower. What’s more is
that the heat generated in certain wireless chargers is
higher as compared to the conventonal ways of
charging.
 Conclusion
In conclusion, power loss and efficiency are the major
problems for this design project. Our design team has
notced the potental problem whether the converted
DC power will be significant enough to charge up the
battery. Therefore, the characteristcs of the diodes
should be mounted directly onto the antenna for
minimum power dissipaton. In additon to harmonics,
the nonlinear diode creates a DC-bias in the resonant
circuit which can be extracted without affectng the
RF/ microwave characteristcs of the resonant circuit.
As the wireless technology is getting popular
nowadays, the demand of battery is also increasing.
The battery needs to be recharged or changed
eventually. Therefore our team is inspired to design
the wireless battery charger. This wireless battery
charger will eliminate all the hassle with the battery.
As for now, there are no known companies which
develop the wireless battery charger. This means that
the opportunity is very big. Also, people tend spend
more money for convenience. It gives more reason
that this device will have a very good market.17