CABLE STAYED AND SUSPENSION

BRIDGES- GLOBAL SPECIFICATIONS

Satander Kumar

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Coceptulization: Root Bridges- Natural Bridge
Cherapunji wettest places on earth,
bridges aren’t built—they’re grown.

Indian rubber tree with an incredibly strong root system-

1844 Journal of Asiatic Soiciety of Bengal
( 500 years old) Time of construction 15 years, Load 50 -70 kg 2
 HISTORY
CONCEPTULIZATION

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Cable-stayed bridge by  Punalur Suspension
the Renaissance polymath Bridge or Hanging
Fausto Veranzio, from Bridge,
1595/1616 Hungarian  Kerala- Albert Henry,
a Scottish Engineer,
 Kallada River -1877.

In 1818, cable styed bridge

constructed over Saale River in
Nienburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.

Cable Bridge 1830 in Scotland is still in

service. 4
 SUSPENSION BRIDGE
Deck hung below suspension cable on vertical
Suspenders

 Laxman Jhula- Rishikesh , Span 135m,

 Lakshmana (Brother of Lord Rama) crossed
river by Jute Bridge – suspension bridge in 1889.

Damaged in 1924 flood,

Bridge was replaced Reconstructed 1929

UP PWD with Iron

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 one or more towers (or pylons), from which cables
support deck.

1992, Hooghly River, Cable Stayed

457.2 m span, Pylon height 128 m,
L = 823 m

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 NEED OF STANDARD/Code/Specification ?
 Standard bring latest scientific research to
industrialization

 Promote application of new technology.

 Build Confidence about Quality and Lower cost

 regarding cable:

 fatigue resistance,
 corrosion protection,
 ease of inspection
 ease of replacement

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 DIFFERENCE
CODE/ CODE OF
STANDARD SPECIFICATION
PRACTICE
Enforceable by Law or by Globally accepted “how Must meet
contract/ local to instruction” requirements by
Contracts
Adopted by government Set of technical definitions and a set of documented
guidelines, function as instruction
bodies into a business requirements to be
for manufacturing,
satisfied by a material,
If not regulatory, Test methods for design, product, or
guidelines/tentative operator /users service. –
guidelines
type of technical
standard
Guidelines for design, ASTM, IS, ISO Additional requirements,
fabrication, beyond MORTH Spec.
construction and
installation, IRC

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HIGHEST LONGEST SPAN
HIGHEST CABLE LONGEST SPAN
SUSPENSION CABLE STAYED
STAY BRIDGE IN SUSPENSION
BRIDGE IN THE BRIDGE
THE WORLD BRIDGE
WORLD
Baling Bridge in tall he Russky Bridge in
Anshun, China
403 m Vladivostok,
Baluarte bridge Akashi Kaikyō Bridge Primorsky Krai,
The world's highest spans a deep Russia.
ravine in the Sierra Since 1998 Akashi
suspension bridge
Kaikyō Bridge in
suspended 375 m Madre Occidental Opened: Jul 2012
Japan holds the
in the air with a river mountains record with its span
Length: 3,100 m
below, stretched out Maxico Width: 29.50 m
of 1,991 metres. Longest span:
at a length of 1,088
metre 1,104 m
Clearance below:
70 m
Height: 320.90 m
(Architectural)

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 Specification on Cable Bridges
 ASTM (WK58959,) Specification for Hot-Rolled Wire Rod for
Bridge Cable,

 ASCE. Committee on Cable-Stayed Bridges; = Carl C.

Ulstrup and Man-Chung Tang :-

i. Guidelines for the Design of Cable-Stayed Bridges

ii. Discusses loadings/ materials used in design.
iii. Performance
. specifications used with any code.

1. safety factors, loads, and impact

2. cables and anchorages
3. stability
4. dynamic wind loads
5. special considerations for railroads
6. seismic design 10
 STRUCTURAL EUROCODES
So far, 58 Structural Eurocodes parts
 Harmonized set of structural design standards, developed
by CEN (European Committee for Standardization),
Eurocode:
0. Basis of structural design
1. Actions on structures
2. Design of concrete structures
3. Design of steel structures
4. Design of composite steel/concrete structures
5. Design of timber structures
6. Design of masonry structures
7. Geotechnical design
8. Design of structures for earthquake resistance
9. Design of aluminium structures
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Eurocodes are designated EN 1990 to EN 1999
 JSCE, 1997, " Japan Society of Civil Engineers" Cable stay
Bridges.
 Larsen, O. D., 1993. Ship Collision with Bridges: The Interaction between Vessel Traffic and Bridge
Structures, IABSE Structural Engineering Document 4, IABSE-AIPCIVBH, Zürich,
Switzerland,.
 Naasra, 1990, "Highway
Bridge Design Specifications". National Association of
Australian State Road Authorities.

 Negm, E. Z., 2003,. "Critical Wind Velocity Investigation of Long-Span Cable-Stayed

Bridges with Additional Stabilizing Cables", Department of Structural Engineering, Cairo
University, Egypt.

 Robert B. H. and Steven F. D., 2002. "Maximum Impact Force of Woody Debris on
Floodplain Structures", US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and
Development center

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BS 5400-3:2000 Steel, concrete and
composite bridges. Code of
practice for design of steel
bridges :
 Structural Steels, Concretes, Composite construction,
 Structural design,
 Factor of safety,
 Construction materials,
 Mechanical properties of materials,
 Corrosion protection,
 Joints, Welded joints, Bolted joints, Riveted joints,
 Flanges, Beams,
 Stress analysis, Shear strength, Bending stress,
 Serviceability limits 13
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AASHTO LRFD, 1998, "Bridge design
specifications", American Association
of State Highway and Transportation
Officials, Washington, D.C. 3. AISC,
1978, American Institute of Steel
Construction www.aisc.org.

HiAm/DINA wire stay, cable systems Sunniberg

Bridge (Switzerland) by BBR Network Member
Stahlton AG
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IRC: Guidelines on Cable Supported Bridges

1. General concepts – pylone, cable anchorages, materials

2. Load and stresses
3. Geometry Control
4. Dimensioning –structure in service and erection stage,
5. Quality Control
6. Control of stay cable forces
7. Fatigue testing
8. Extra-dose bridges
9. very long span

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 specifications for stay cables

 Guidelines and recommendations- PTI – Post-

tensioning Institute (USA), Recommendation for Stay
Cable Design, Testing and Installation.

 CIP (Setra) in France. National recommendations

cover - stay cable systems as a whole.

Technical Department for Public Works and Transportation (SETRA) France,

CIP means, Carriage and Insurance paid 19

 specifications for stay cables
 Today, state-of-the-art and internationally
versatile recommendation for stay cables is fib
– International Federation for Structural
Concrete, Bulletin 30,

 Acceptance of Stay Cable Systems using

Prestressing Steels.

 Most modern stay cable systems have been

developed and tested to these provisions.

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 International Specification
1. Guangdong Highway Design Institute- Design Drawings Yamem
Cable Stayed Bridges 1999.

2. Design efforts for Pedestrian Cable Stayed bridges CE 491C,

emphasizing structures and foundations at Ohio University.

3. Footbridge design, BS 5400:Part 3 2000, BS 5400:Part 2 2006,

4. British Standards and Design Manual for Roads and Bridges

(DMRB). Highways Agency standard, BD 37/01 (DMRB Volume
1, Section 3, Part 14).

5. Simplified bridge design of the Eurocodes on Cable Bridges.

6. RDSO, Lucknow BS: 103, also covers NDT testing of Cable

Bridges
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 Some Important Literature
1. Wei-Xin Ren (1999), “Ultimate behaviour of long span cable-stayed
bridges”. Investigates the nonlinear static and ultimate behaviour of a long-span cable
stayed bridge up to failure and evaluates the overall safety of the bridge. Both
geometric and material nonlinearities.

2. Jin Cheng, Jian-Jing-Jiang, Ru-Cheng Xiao and Hai-Fan Xiang (2002),

“Advanced aerostatic stability analysis of cable-stayed bridges using finite- element method” -
limit point instability, an advanced nonlinear finite-element method

3. Paolo Clemente, Mehmet Çelebi, Giovanni Bongiovanni and Dario Rinaldis (2004),
“Seismic analysis of the Indiano cable stayed bridge”. -–observed and
analytical analysis of the dynamic response of Indiano Cable-Stayed Bridge in Florence, Italy.
Traffic-induced vibration tests, which allowed extracting the dynamic characteristics-modal shapes
and damping.

4. Shuqing Wang and Fu (2006), “Static and stability analysis of

long-span cable-stayed steel bridges- huge initial stress accumulated in
pylon and girder will reduce the overall structure stiffness.

5. Krzysztof Zoltowski and Tomasz Wask (2008), “Dynamic analysis

and site test of Cable-stayed bridge over Vistula river in Plock”.
FEM model - 22
 Standard Books
 Gimsing, Niels J. − « Cable supported bridges – Concept and design » − John
Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1983.

 Podolny, W. Jr. & Scalzi, J. B. − «Construction and Design of Cable-Stayed

Bridges » − John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

 Matousek, Understanding and Using Linear Programming.

 Astiz, M. A.; Troyano, L. F.; Manterola, J. « Evolution of design trends in cable-

stayed bridges » IABSE Conference – Cable-Stayed Bridges: Past, Present and
Future.

Out of 195 countries, 53 countries globally

using different types of cable bridges.
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Structural characteristics of multi-
span cable-stayed bridges with
hybrid, RC and steel towers
Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai
University, Japan , Civil Engineering
Department, Tokai University, Japan
CABLE-SUSPENDED PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE DESIGNFOR RURAL
CONSTRUCTION - AVERY LOUISE BANGB.S. University of Iowa, 2007

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Freyssinet Menard India Pvt. Ltd.
 Individually-protected multi-strand stay cable

 Completed over 400 structures,

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 CASE STUDY- QUANTUM OF MATERIAL LARGE -

 Russian (РУССКИЙ МОСТ RUSSKY), Bridge

Specification

 1.5 million cubic meters of rock Russky Island and

Nazimov Peninsula

 120 drilled piles, 2 meters in dia. each pylon.

 Permanent steel cased piles.

 Pylon have been sunk 46 meters deep.

 RCC piles on Nazimov Peninsula go 77 meters deep.
 20,000 cubic meters of concrete

 3,000 tons of steel to erect grillage for each pylon. 27

TEXT BOOKS ON CABLE BRIDGES
 Suzuki, Tanaka ,“A propose of 3-span continuous hybrid cable stayed bridge”, Proceeding
of the 56th Annual Conf. of JSCE,Ⅰ-A218, 2000.9.,pp436-437. 2)

 Suzuki, Tsuchida, “Structural Characteristic and Economic Superiority of Hybrid Cable

Stayed Bridge with Two-Edge Girders”, Journal of Constructional Steel Vol.8, Nov.2000,
Japanese society of Steel Construction 2000.11.,pp587-594 3)

 Otsuka, Suzuki, “Seismic Analysis of cable-stayed bridge with 2 girders with high pier”,
Proceedings of the 56th annual Conf. of JSCE,Ⅰ-A299, 2001.10.,pp598-599 4)

 Y.SUZUKI, H.Otsuka, A.Otsuka ,“Investigation of earthquake resistance and cost effect

on hybrid cable-stayed bridge with 2-edge girders” ,Earthquake Resistance Engineering
Structure Ⅲ, 2001. pp651-660 5)

 Otsuka, Suzuki ,”A proposal of Improvement on Earthquake-Resistant for Composit

Cable-Stayed Bridge with 2 Edge Girders and PC Ramen Bridge” ,Journal of Structual
Engineering ,JSCE Vol.49A ,2003.3.

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 De Miranda F., et al., (1979), "Basic problems in long span cable stayed
bridges", Rep. n. 25, Dipartimento di Strutture – Università di Calabria
– Arcavacata (CS) Italy, (242 pagg.) September 1979.

 Gregory, Frank Hutson; Freeman, Ralph Anthony (1987). The Bangkok

Cable Stayed Bridge. 3 F Engineering Consultants, Bangkok. ISBN 974-
410-097-4

 Podolny, Walter; Scalzi, John B. (1986). Construction and design of

cable-stayed bridges (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 0471826553.

 Walther, Rene; et al. (1999). Cable Stayed Bridges (2nd ed.). Thomas
Telford.

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SOFTWATE DESIGN OF CABLE
BRIDGES

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 http://admin.midasuser.com/UploadFiles2/FileStorag
e/EN_midas%20Civil%20catalog.pdf

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 1. Norm AND 554-2002; •

2. The structural strength of the bridge over the

canal and the access viaducts is designed for live
loads according to STAS 3221-86

“Bridges Road. Convoy type and class loading”; •

In terms of the seismic design, norm SR-EN 1998-
2:2006 and

National Annex SR-EN 1998-2: 2006/NA: 2010

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Romania Design

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Long Span Roof
 The member force variations between the manual and
software (STAAD.pro) calculations are differ by 10% which
are closely enough to the limit.
 800-2007, Code of practice for general construction in
steel.
 IS 875-1987(part-1) Code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for buildings and structures.
 IS 875-1987(part-2) Code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for buildings and structures.
 IS 875-1987(part-3) code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for buildings and structure
 IS: 456, IRC 6 and IS 13920

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 AASHTO, (2014). AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,
7th Edition, American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.

 Caltrans, (2014). California Amendments to AASHTO LRFD
Bridge Design Specifications – 6th Edition, California
Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA.

 CSA, (1998). Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, Canadian
Standards Association, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada.

 OMTC, (1994). Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Ontario

Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada

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 Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in
China October 2007, Volume 1, Issue 4, pp 379–388 |
Cite as
 State-of-the-art of long-span bridge engineering in
China Xiang Haifan Ge Yaojun

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 Gimsing N J. Cable Supported Bridges: Concept and
Design. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997

 Zhou M B, Liu Z M, Wang B M. Cable-Stayed Bridge

Handbook. Beijing: China Communications Press,
2004 (in Chinese)

 State Communication Ministry of China. Design

Specification of Highway Cable-Stayed Bridges (on
trial). Beijing: China Communications Press, 1996 (in
Chinese)
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Bridge Architecture in Malaysia
Hamed Niroumand Department of
architecture National University of
Malaysia (UKM) Malaysia

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 International Spec.
1. Proposal of UHPC Standards and Structure Design
Code (KICT, 2009); (JSCE, 2004); (SETRA-AFGC,
2002);
2. Design Guidelines for Cable-Supported Steel Bridges
(KSCE, 2006);
3. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification (USA,
2004);
4. PTI Recommendation for Stay Cable Design (USA,)
5. IRC Spec ….

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Construction of Cable stay bridge at Basohli ,
India2.flv J& K Pylon Construction upto 80m completed at
592m long Bisoli Cable Stay Bridge
 Cable stay J&K.mp4 - Dunera

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