CHAPTER 5 MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

1.Identify the relation &fill in the blanks

a)Prop root : Banyan Tree ::Stilt root :Maize/Sugarcane ::Pneumatophore :Rhizophora
b)StemTendril :Gourds/Grape vine ::Thorn :Citrus/Bougainville
c)Leaf :Petiole ::Flower:Pedicel::Inflorescence:Peduncle
d)Chinarose :Alternate ::Calotropis :Opposite ::Alstonia :Whorld
e)Racemose :Acropetal ::Cymose :Basipetal
f)Trimerous :Monocot ::Pentamerous:Dicot
g)Hypogynous :Superior ovary::Epigynous :Inferior ovary::Perigynous:Half inferior ovary
h)Outer seed coat:Testa ::Inner seedcoat:Tegmen
i)Plumule :Coleptile ::Radicle:Coleorhiza
2.DEFINE:-a)Pulvinus—Swollen base of Leguminous plants b)Thalamus/Receptacle--the swollen
end of the stalk or pedicel,of Flower. c)Parthenocarpic fruit--a fruit formed without fertilisation of the ovary, is
called a parthenocarpic fruit. D) Scutellum—The single cotyledon found in monocot seed E)Drupe-Fruit
developed from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one seeded
3.Differentiate between the following:-a)Tap root system(The primary roots and its branches constitute the
tap root system e.g.-Dicot plants)Fibrous root system(In monocotyledonous plants, the primary root is short lived
and is replaced by a large number of roots. These roots originate from the base of the stem and constitute the
fibrous root system) & Adventitious root system(roots arise from parts of the plant other than the
radicle are called adventitious roots) b)Venation(The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina
of leaf is termed as venation. Reticulate in Dicot & Parallel in Monocots) & Phyllotaxy(pattern of
arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. – alternate-, a single leaf arises at each node, mustard and sun flower
plants. Opposite-a pair of leaves arise at each node. eg.Calotropis, whorled,- more than two leaves arise at a node
and form a whorl.eg.Alstonia ) c)Racemose(main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in an
acropetal(Young flowers towards the tip) succession) & cymose Inflorescence(main axis terminates in a
flower, hence is limited in growth.The flowers are borne in a basipetal order) d)Actinomorphic(a flower can
be divided into two equal radial halves) & Zygomorphic(can be divided into two similar halves only in one
particular vertical plane) e)Gamosepalous (sepals united) &Polysepalous (sepals free)
f) Gamopetalous(petals united) & Polypetalous (Petals free) g)Aestivation(The mode of
arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud- valvate:without overlapping,Twisted:regular overlapping ,Imbricate
irregular overlapping &Vexillary: In pea and bean flowers, there are five petals, the largest (standard) overlaps the
two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel); this type of aestivation is
known as vexillary or papilionaceous.) & Placentation(The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is
known as placentation.) h)Epicarp,Mesocarp &Endocarp(Outer middle and inner fruit walls,together called
Pericarp) i)Hypogynous(superior ovary) Epigynous (Inferior ovary) Perigynous(Half inferior or half superior
ovary j)Coleoptile(Protective sheath of Plumule) Coleorhiza(Protective sheath of radical)

4.LABEL THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAMS a) Figure 5.3 The regions of the root-tip
b) 5.16 Types of placentation c) Figure 5.17 Parts of a fruit : (a) Mango (b) Coconut
d) Figure 5.19 Structure of a monocotyledonous seed
5.There are roots which are negatively geotropic. Justify (Pneumatophores are positively geotropic
roots) 6.MATCH THE FOLLOWING
A)Marginal --Pea B)Axile—Chinarose/Lemon/Tomato
C)Parietal --Mastard/Argemone D)Free central—Dianthus/Primerose
E)Basal --Sunflower/Marigold
7 % K(5)C 1+2+(2) A (9)+1 G 1 Explain the Floral characters of the Flower(Fabaceae) using the
given Floral Formula.,Identify the Family & Write any 2 economic importance of the family (Like
that, floral formula of Family Solanaceae and Liliaceae may be asked)
8.Roots are meant for absorption & Fixation,but there are exceptions;Justify (Carrot &Beetroot store
food,Prop root &stilt root for Mechanical support,Pneumatophore for aerial respiration)
9.Stems are meant for Transport of materials & support but there are exceptions;Justify ( Potato
&Ginger store food,In Gourds stems to tendril –mechanical support,In Citrus stems modified to thorns for
defence.)
10.Leaves are meant for photosynthesis &transpiration but there are exceptions;Justify( Leaves store
food in Onion,leaves to tendril in pea for mechanical support,Leaves are modified to spines for protection
in Cactus,In Pitcher plant leaf is modified to pitcher for trapping insects) 11.Roots are positively
geotrophic but there are exceptions justify ( pneumatophores(in Mangrooves or Rhizophora)are
negatively geotrophic roots for Respiration) 12)Papilionaceous corolla: Found in the flowers of family
Fabaceae;with Vexillary aestivation ;With a posterior large petal Vexillum,Two wing petals & two keel
petals