CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………………………. 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………... 2
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY ......................................................................................... 3
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT .............................................................................................. 4
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY .................................................................................................... 4
2 COMPANY INFO .................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND ......................................................................................... 5
2.2 ORGANIZATION CHART ............................................................................................. 6
2.3 COMPANY PRODUCT .................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Utama Standard Precast Reinforced Concrete U-drains ........................................... 7
2.3.2 Utama Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts ................................................... 8
2.3.3 Utama Precast Reinforced Concrete L-shape ........................................................... 9
2.4 TECHNOLOGY............................................................................................................. 10
2.4.1 Advantages of Precasting ........................................................................................ 11
2.5 BUSINESS MARKETING ............................................................................................ 12
3 COMPANY ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 14
3.1 SWOT ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 14
3.1.1 Strength ................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.2 Weaknesses ............................................................................................................. 14
4 FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................................ 17
4.1 FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................ 18
5 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 20
6 RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................................................ 20
7 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 21
8 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................... 22
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Logo of UCI Sdn. Bhd. ................................................................................................ 5

Figure 2.2: UCI Sdn. Bhd. Organizational Chart............................................................................ 6
Figure 2.3: Utama Standard Precast Reinforced Concrete U-drains .............................................. 7
Figure 2.4: Utama Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts ...................................................... 8
Figure 2.5: Utama Precast Reinforced Concrete L-shape ............................................................... 9

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to express our deep sense of thanks and gratitude to our
lecturer for this subject, Sir Nor Azmi Bakhary for his guidance and constant supervision as well
as for providing necessary information regarding the project and also for his support in
completing the project.

Secondly, we would like to thank to Mr. Ryan Lore Kin Hoong from Utama Concrete
Industries Sdn. Bhd. for making time for us during interview session. He gave us an explanation
about the company and have answered all the question that we asked.

Besides, we also would like to express our gratitude towards our parents for their kind
cooperation and encouragement which helped us in the completion of this project.

Our thanks and appreciations also go to one and all who directly and indirectly have lent
their helping hand in finishing this project.

1
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Utama Concrete Industries Sdn. Bhd. (UCI) started its business activities in the
manufacturing of pre-cast reinforced concrete products since early 1997. Responding to the high
demand for quality and competitive pre-cast concrete in our construction industry, UCI was
incorporated to supply the best quality precast concrete products to suit customer demand and
requirements.

Since the company began its operations in 1997, UCI has achieved remarkable growth
through aggressive marketing and the high quality of its precast concrete products such as R.C.
Square Pile, Box Culvert, U-Drain, L-Shape Drain. Drainage Manhole, Septic Tank and other
Special Design Concrete Products. Always ready to respond to market demands, UCI is
committed to successfully undertake every customer’s needs by consistently working towards
enhancing quality and increasing productivity levels in all areas of the company’s business
activities.

The main customer of UCI is located around Klang Valley, Perak and Johor. UCI more
focusing on giving best quality to its customer to make sure the product can be using for a long
time. Overall marketing strategy will be included specific marketing philosophy and strategy of
the company, the value of the product is its excellence quality and finishing of the product.

2
 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Business or entrepreneurship is defined as the capacity and willingness to develop,

organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit.
There are varieties numbers of field involve with entrepreneurship such as construction, food and
beverages, properties and many more. Furthermore, entrepreneurship is one of effective and
mostly used way to obtain profit and income and the spirit of entrepreneurship is characterized
by innovation and risk-taking, and is an essential part of a nation's ability to succeed in an ever
changing and increasingly competitive global marketplace. A case study has been conducted by
this group of four members to provide more understand and overview regarding the complexity
usually encounters in a business. Other than that, the purpose of this case study is to provide a
better sight among students on how the case study performed will affecting the decision making
process.

A company named Utama Concrete Industries Sdn. Bhd. that involve in Civil
Engineering and construction industry have been chose for this case study. Utama Concrete
Industries Sdn. Bhd. is medium size company that located in TTDI Shah Alam where they are
mainly producing and implementing precast technology and precast concrete product. Utama
Concrete Industries Sdn Bhd provide product of precast concrete such as R.C. Square Pile, Box
Culvert, U-Drain, L-Shape Drain, Drainage Manhole, Septic Tank, special concrete products,
Telecom manhole and spun concrete pipes. Other than that, this company also provide services
such as jointing, handling and laying the precast product.

To obtain all the information needed for the case study, one interview was set with Mr.
Ryan, the manager of Utama Concrete Industries Sdn. Bhd. in 25th September 2018 at Jalan
Kuchai Lama. During the interview, a discussion is conducted with Mr. Ryan and we were
discussing mostly related with the company nature of business, problem mostly encountered by
company and conducting the SWOT analysis where we focusing on the strength, weakness,
opportunity and thread face by the company. All information obtained during the interview is
explained and describe in detail in the report.
3
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Due to rapid development, Utama Concrete Industries (UCI) has achieved remarkable
growth through aggressive marketing and the high quality of its precast concrete product that
suits demand in market. Precast known as construction product produced by casting concrete in a
reusable mold or form which is then cured in a controlled environment and transported to the
construction site. Precast is used within exterior or interior walls. By producing precast concrete
in a controlled environment the precast concrete is afforded the opportunity to properly cure and
be closed monitored by plant employee. However, even though the production of precast can be
monitored, there are some issues arise regarding of its production. The issues that highlighted is
based on interview with director of UCI. Among of the issues are regarding time management
regarding uncertainties of design issues that causes short time production. Besides that, the usage
of old mold can causes finishing product sputter. Furthermore, sources of workers of skilled
workers contribute to production of quality since its production requires skilled workers.

1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY

While going through this case study, students are being exposed with the entrepreneurial
technology ventures and running a sustainable business, including challenges and achievements
where they are exposed to real business which help them to gain understanding of sustainable
technology business entrepreneurship and how it can be put in place.

Thus, this report presents the problems faced by company that produce product of precast
concrete named Utama Concrete Industry Sdn. Bhd. (UCI) that located in Shah Alam. Most
problems encountered by the company mainly focusing at the time of product production, quality
of the product, source of workers and financial.

A description of the problem and the technology based solution for the major problems
are followed by a SWOT analysis. All the finding of information regarding the company
information, analysis, problems and recommendation will be explained in detail in the report.

4
 2.0 COMPANY INFO

2.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND

Figure 2.1: Logo of UCI Sdn. Bhd.

Utama Concrete Industries Sdn. Bhd. (UCI) started its business activities in the
manufacturing of pre-cast reinforced concrete products since early 1997. Utama Concrete
Industies Sdn. Bhd. is located at Taman TTDI in Shah Alam. Responding to the high demand for
quality and competitive pre-cast concrete in our construction industry, UCI was incorporated to
supply the best quality precast concrete products to suit customer demand and requirements.

Since the company began its operations in 1997, UCI has achieved remarkable growth
through aggressive marketing and the high quality of its precast concrete products such as R.C.
Square Pile, Box Culvert, U-Drain, L-Shape Drain, Drainage Manhole, Septic Tank and other
special design concrete products. Always ready to respond to market demands, UCI is committed
to successfully undertake every customer’s needs by consistently working towards enhancing
quality and increasing productivity levels in all areas of the company’s business activities. UCI
have name in construction industry for more than 20 years and have involve and supply product
and services for many projects owned by government and private sectors.

The factory owned by this company is logistically located on a 60 acres site at Jalan Raja
Musa Batang Berjuntai in Kuala Selangor. The company is the place where all products provided
by the UCI being construct and cast. The productivity of the company is averagely
20,000mt/month. UCI have SIRIM Certification and in the process of obtaining ISO 9002. In the
future, UCI will have new factories located focus in Klang Valley, Perak and Johor. Current

5
main project available in UCI is providing highway drainage for DUKE, SUKE, MR2
Expressway and Gamuda.

2.2 ORGANIZATION CHART

JOHNNY SOO CHONG YEW

General Manager

RYAN LORE
Business Development
Manager
YEAP BUN HUAT
Executive Director
LIEW THIAM LEONG NUUR LIZAH BINTI KHAMIS
Managing Director Design Engineer

ALICIA YIM YEN FONG

Marketing Executive

LIM YEN NI
Accaount Executive

Figure 2.2: UCI Sdn. Bhd. Organizational Chart

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2.3 COMPANY PRODUCT

2.3.1 Utama Standard Precast Reinforced Concrete U-drains

Figure 2.3: Utama Standard Precast Reinforced Concrete U-drains

U-drain is a simple, low maintenance and cost-effective solution for concrete floor
drainage. It is a non-grated, pre-engineered slot drain that is installed into a concrete floor prior
to pour. It is designed to efficiently remove surface water through a single slot that opens into a
trench that directs drainage to a connected sump.

The basic U-drain system consists of pre-sloped and/or neutral sections, an adapter
plate/end cap and a sump. Each of these components is bolt-together to provide user-friendly
assembly and installation. Installed into a floor grid prior to the concrete being poured, the U-
drain system connects directly to the rebar grid. The slot drain can even be used as a centre
screed when pouring concrete. Once the concrete has been poured, the narrow slot opening is
level with the floor, creating an aesthetically pleasing low-profile intake.

U-drain is available in residential and commercial formats, each being fundamentally the
same, but with unique features that allow for a large variety of applications ranging from home
garages to aircraft hangars.

Utama Standard U-drains are designed in accordance to BS 8110: 1985 for the following
conditions:

 600mm surcharge with 30 degree slope at the top and behind the wall
 UDL of 5kN/m acting behind the wall

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2.3.2 Utama Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts

Figure 2.4: Utama Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts

Box culverts are structures that allow water to flow under a road, railroad, trail or other
obstruction. They are typically embedded in and surrounded by soil. Culverts come in many
different shapes and sizes, including round, elliptical, flat-bottomed, pear-shaped and box.

This type of culverts are used for intakes and outtakes, holding tanks, steam tunnels,
corridor links, road crossings, service tunnels and utility trenches. They are one of the most
useful structures in modern construction. Box culverts are prevalent features in road and highway
construction. In order to withstand traffic loads and aggressive weather conditions, these culverts
must be tough—that’s why we recommend building yours out of concrete. These box culverts
allow water to flow under roads and highways without impeding the flow of traffic and UCI are
currently supplying this type of product for their current project for this purpose. Utility work
also utilizes box culverts. These culverts serve as utility tunnels that carry electricity, water and
sewer lines. Sometimes, they also carry communication lines, such as telephone and cable
television. Utility tunnels are ideal for cold climates where it’s difficult to bury lines below the
frost level. They can also be found in areas where the water table is too high to bury water and
sewer mains

Utama Box Culverts are designed in accordance with:

 JKR LTAL (Long Term Axle Load) and SV(Special Vehicle)

 BS 5400 : Part 2 : 1978 modified by (C)
 Departmental Standard BD 31/87 - Buried Concrete Box Type Structure issued by
Departmental of Transport (UK) - Highway and Traffic
 RC design by referring h BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1984
8
2.3.3 Utama Precast Reinforced Concrete L-shape

Figure 2.5: Utama Precast Reinforced Concrete L-shape

The advantages of using Utama L-shape pre casted units are easily for assembling or
dismantling, maintenance free and can be off loaded from transport and erected in one operation
by unskilled labour. Utama L-shape pre casted unit is enchanted by its versatility. They may be
used as Retaining Walls, Open Drains and use as storage walls. The construction of Utama L-
shape pre casted unit have been the main opportunities and strength for UCI since the demand
for usage of this type of structure is increasing day by day. Currently UCI have just finish the
installing the biggest size of L-shape precast concrete in Sungai Ampang where it comes in 16
meter high witch is rare, that being used as retaining wall. The versatility of this unit is defined
as the ability of producing this type of product by referring client specification, design plus
within cost and quality.

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2.4 TECHNOLOGY

Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable

“mould” or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the
construction site and lifted into place ("tilt up"). In contrast, standard concrete is poured into site-
specific forms and cured on site. Precast stone is distinguished from precast concrete using a fine
aggregate in the mixture, so the final product approaches the appearance of naturally occurring
rock or stone. More recently expanded polystyrene is being used as the cores to precast wall
panels. This is lightweight and has better thermal insulation.

Precast is used within exterior and interior walls. By producing precast concrete in a
controlled environment (typically referred to as a precast plant), the precast concrete is afforded
the opportunity to properly cure and be closely monitored by plant employees. Using a precast
concrete system offers many potential advantages over onsite casting. Precast concrete
production can have performed on ground level, which helps with safety throughout a project.
There is greater control over material quality and workmanship in a precast plant compared to a
construction site. The forms used in a precast plant can be reused hundreds to thousands of times
before they must be replaced, often making it cheaper than onsite casting when looking at the
cost per unit of formwork.

There are many different types of precast concrete forming systems for architectural
applications, differing in size, function, and cost. Precast architectural panels are also used to
clad all, or part of a building facades or free-standing walls used for landscaping, soundproofing,
and security walls, and some can be prestressed concrete structural elements. Storm water
drainage, water and sewage pipes, and tunnels make use of precast concrete units

10
2.4.1 Advantages of Precasting

Since precast is manufactured in a controlled casting environment it is easier to control the mix,
placement, and curing.

1. Quality can be controlled and monitored much more easily

2. Since a precaster can buy materials for multiple projects, quantity discounts can lower
costs

3. Weather is eliminated as a factor—you can cast in any weather and get the same results,
which allows you to perfect mixes and methods

4. Less labour is required, and that labour can be less skilled

5. On site, precast can be installed immediately, there is no waiting for it to gain strength
and the modularity of precast products makes installation go quickly

6. Repeatability—it's easy to make many copies of the same precast product; by

maximizing repetition, you can get plenty of value from a mould and a set-up

7. Accelerated curing, by heating the precast parts, greatly increases strength gain, reducing
the time between casting the part and putting it into service

8. With the ability to so tightly control the process, from materials to consolidation to
curing, you can get extremely durable concrete

11
2.5 BUSINESS MARKETING

Market size is the estimation how big our market can be in Utama Concrete Industry
market area. As a one of the construction company, UCI already established in market around 20
years, so that we already our own regular customer. They would be the same contractor or any
company that already purchased from us once and repeated after that for their new project. This
is because our product is one of the best product in the market because of its good quality and we
are followed everything what customer required. This also will be particularly important when
planning a budget. For every company, marketing plan is the most important part of the business.
There are no uses of good quality product if the company fails to sell the product maximally. The
good marketing plan should study about the customer behaviour, what the customer's needs and
wants, which are the potential buyers and how to satisfy the customers.

Today, marketing success is more about identifying key prospects and customers than
sending them targeted messages. “Our overall marketing strategy is to educate the market on
who we are and what we can do,” says Mr. Ryan. In other words, according to him everything
you do needs to be mindful of the customer and being the best partner that you can be. “You
especially need to deepen relationships with key customers,” he emphasizes. “For this reason,
one-on-one meetings with customers are very important.”

As the industry grows increasingly dynamic, Mr. Ryan believes it is also important to
keep all customers abreast of new product developments, new technologies and new skill sets
that you acquire. This can create several new opportunities. “For example, any time you conduct
a plant tour or send communications to customers, you need to be sure that you are showcasing
your newest skills and technologies,” he says.

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 For the past 20 years, Utama Concrete Industry used its catalogue as a primary marketing
tool. “We put a lot of money into it to make sure all of our drawings are up to date and that we
have current pricing,” says Mr Ryan. “While it is very helpful to all of the contractors who are
out in the field, it is even more helpful to the engineers, architects, landscapers and designers
who can actually specify our products into their projects.” These days, however, the catalogue
represents only a portion of how the company markets. “We have a Web site, and we are
constantly tweaking it and updating it, especially with photographs of unique or large projects
we have done,” says Mr. Ryan.

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 3.0 COMPANY ANALYSIS

3.1 SWOT ANALYSIS

3.1.1 Strength

UCI has been on precast industry over years. Responding to the high demand for quality
and competitive precast concrete, UCI was incorporated to supply the best quality precast
concrete products to suits costumer demand and requirement. Precast technology considered as
an ideal solution as its flexibility to produce structures components with lower cost compared to
traditional one that requires longer time to cure. Instead of its flexibility, it also can be used all
the way from foundations to bearing frames, walls, floors, beams, columns, staircase, balconies
and so on. Hence, the future market of precast concrete is wider as its ability to keep up with the
changing expectations of global construction, from market challenges to new performance and
safety requirements.

Besides that, the strength of precast is because of environmental friendly as its leave a
substantially smaller environment footprint than other building construction method. Material
that been used in precast such as Portland cement contributes to higher carbon dioxide emission.
However, precast is one of the solutions to lessen carbon dioxide. Using precast means lighter
structures, needed concrete strength is received with less cement than cast in situ construction,
concrete and thus waste is less are facts that decrease cement consumption significantly. Hence,
the product of precast is contributing to a better build environment with high quality as its
production can be monitored and offer wide choice of construction solution.

3.1.2 Weaknesses

 Quality of product
The usage of the mold in long term run causes the groves and unevenness surface of the
mold. Grove and unevenness surface caused the poor connection between components of precast.
Besides, precast also can be used as drain that act as storm water management. A good insulation
and water leakage is important parameter to take into consideration as to make sure the

14
components is function. Overall, the performance of precast is determined by behavior of
connection of the precast structure.

 Time management

Delay can cause the whole construction project affected. In order to prevent time delays,
it is required to have highly organized production of two way information between all team. If
necessities are not considered production halts with high expenses. Time delay usually occurs
when there is poor planning such as redesign the precast component. Proper construction
planning and site management is important to ensure the correct position and connected properly
to avoid cases where precast components are not well aligned, dislocate or out of plane. If
modification is needed, precast structure can’t be demolished for renovation purpose as this will
affect the stability of entire precast structure.

 Sources of workers

A good workmanship is required to achieve a high quality of precast concrete. Hence,

every workmanship are required to understand the requirement and its importance. Skilled and
experience worker is required to make sure they are able to suit to the requirement in production
of precast. This is because to avoid the modification that required changes that is possible to do.
This is due to if the modification is needed, the precast structure can sustain the load as per
designed anymore. Apart from that, skilled and well trained labor are required to ensure proper
connection is produced during erection stages that leads to additional cost.

 Opportunity

Because the advantages of precast concrete such as high quality of precast structure, less
labor workers, shorter time of completion and saves cost compared to traditional, the usage of
precast technology is gaining popularity in Malaysia. Nowadays, cast in situ is not practical and
effectively being applied in large scale construction. Thus, precast technology is considered as
the best alternative to fulfill the construction needs to suits future demands of higher
specification and performance of construction.

Besides of the strength mentioned above, the production of precast components was done in
factory which the quality of production can be supervised and controlled. Structure of precast

15
can be quickly erected on sites and the delays that caused by concrete curing and concrete
formwork removal can be reduced hence resulting in shorter time completion in construction at
the same time requires less number of workers.

 Thread

Technology advancement plays a key role in business competitiveness of a construction

firm in market. With knowledge, the construction firm can be bench mark its own technological
competitiveness with other competitors. Precast structure has experienced extremely cost
effective, durable, stable and high quality and strength. Major markets using precast concrete are
reviving. With business reviving, most company of precast production is focusing on enhancing
their own market competitiveness. Most of them are focusing on boost worker productivity,
increase supervisory efficiency, improve managerial effectiveness, or invest new capital
equipment. By taken this action into consideration, they can be marketable in the market.

16
 4.0 FINDING AND DISCUSSION

4.1 FINDINGS

It is difficult to imagine a successful business that does not rely on technology in some
way. Therefore, we need the power of business technology by increase productivity, provide
better products and services, track sale and market effectively. The precast concrete produce by
Utama Concrete Industries (UCI) must aim to supply the best quality products to suit customer
demand and requirements. The products processing method used by this company should be
appropriate to avoid problems. Hence, we need to find the problems faced by this company by
using SWOT analysis to provide better solution for company in the future.

The problem of this study is the payment. Payment problems in the construction industry
are not a new phenomenon. The problem seems general, with contractor and subcontractors not
getting paid their due amounts on time. This take the form of under-payment, late or delayed
payment and non-payment all together. Non-payment or under-payment refers to situations
where an expected payment was never received or would be considered bad debt or lost
partially/fully. Late or delay payment on the other hand, is a situation where payment is not made
to supplier on time, in accordance with the timelines agreed between the parties to contract. The
payment problem really effects on project participants as well as the industry, as funding is the
core of any economic transaction.

The other problem is the manpower. UCI has been on precast industry over years. Hence,
the future market of precast concrete is wider as its ability to keep up with the changing
expectations of global construction. This strong construction demand is expected to continue
with many projects in the precast concrete, including MRT. This will lead to a shortage of
workers which means project may cost more and take longer to complete. Besides, the lack of
manpower skill is also being concern about. This is because to make sure they are able to suit to
the requirement in production of precast to avoid the modification that required change that is
possible to do.

17
 The next problem is the time management. The uses of wet cast in this company lead to
delay of project. Wet cast concrete is a flow-able form of concrete which may be poured from a
mixer, hopper or truck. It is often used in this company for precast industry, where it is cast in
forms and stripped, finished and marked prior to shipping. It is also more complex and need
flow-ability in the concrete in order to consolidate around reinforcement and throughout the
form. This wet cast lead to delay of the overall project.

4.2 DISCUSSION

This company has a major problem which is the time management. The uses of wet cast
in this company lead to delay of project. Wet cast concrete is a flow-able form of concrete which
may be poured from a mixer, hopper or truck. It is often used in this company for precast
industry, where it is cast in forms and stripped, finished and marked prior to shipping. It is also
more complex and need flow-ability in the concrete in order to consolidate around reinforcement
and throughout the form. This wet cast lead to delay of the overall project.

Our solution to this problem is company need to use dry cast production. Dry cast on the
other hand has a lower to cement ratio and a zero slump. This “Dry Process” allows using one
form and pouring numerous pieces without deformation. The concrete is stripped and resembles
hard clay and dries within hour. The ability to dry cast Box Culverts, L- Shape Drain and other
products can speed up the time of project completion. Hence, this solution can reduce the delay
of the project.

The advantages of dry cast are:

 Increased production

Benefit of using dry cast is it can be consolidated within a form. The stiffness of the mix allows
the form to be immediately stripped. The product will stand under its own weight to complete the
curing process and the form can be returned to cast another product.

18
  Less shrinkage, creep

Both shrinkage and creep are reduced because all of the aggregate particles are in contact with
each other, instead of being separated by the cement-water paste formed in the wet-mix process
of producing concrete. The already compacted aggregate particles must of necessity resist the
shrinkage of the cement, with the result that the particles are preloaded to increase the
compressive strength of the concrete.

The disadvantages of dry cast are:

 Producing unsmooth finishing

The uses of dry cast really produce unsmooth finishing. This is because dry cast manufacturing
process uses heavy and complex machinery. Dry cast concrete has very little water and has zero.
It contains only enough water to hydrate the cement. This mix is compressed in a mold with very
high application of pressure. Since the amount of water used for dry cast concrete is lesser than
the wet cast concrete, the workability of the dry cast concrete is lower. Because of this all
conditions, it can cause a slightly unsmooth finish of concrete surface. Other than that, the usage
of pavers for compacting the concrete also affecting the surface of the concrete.

 Need additional work at site

The additional work at site is needed to touch up the unsmooth finishing so that the products
have high aesthetic value and fulfill the customer requirement in term of product quality

19
 5.0 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, this case study focused on the product of precast concrete from Utama
Concrete Industries Sdn. Bhd. From our interview on 25th September 2018, we have found the
problems that exist in the company such as payment, manpower and time management. The
major problem is the time management which led to delay in construction completion time.
Therefore, we have suggested the technology based solutions to this problem which is dry cast.
The use of dry cast can speed up the construction completion time and manage to resolve the
delay problems efficiently.

6.0 RECOMMENDATION

Mold of precast plays a crucial role in quality of concrete. There are some of
recommendations in order to improve the weakness of the precast. The first one is to improve
quality of precast. Since the mold is limited to certain usage before the surface became groves
and unevenness, mold renovation is often an interesting alternative to it. This can be done by
mold are sand blasted, realigned, ground and polished or the least can be done by toughened the
edge of mold or exchanged if needed. By doing this, more cost efficient precast can be remained
instead of purchasing new mold.

Other than that, some recommendation to improve delay in time management of

production in precast is by applying dry cast method. Since the product of the company is mostly
box culvert, u-drain, concrete pipe etc. which is less complex in term of reinforcement
arrangement, dry process allows to use one form and pour numerous pieces without deformation
and speed up the production of the components required. By doing this, the production of
components can be speeded up and making profitable business.

A good connection requires supervision and done by skilled worker properly. This can be
done by sending the skilled workers to proper training in order to experience and gain
requirement and importance of precast technology. By doing this, the intended behavior of
connection can be achieved. Hence, the quality production of precast can be maintained.

20
 7.0 REFERENCES

1. Allen, EA . (2009) Fundemental of Building Construction Material and Method. Hoboken, NJ

: John Wiley & Sons. Inc

2. Precast Concrete Station Buildings in New South Wales Longworth, Jim Australian Railway
History, Ma, 2005 pp 163-185

3. Concrete Issue.Precat Concrete Facades Brings Buildings to Life

4 McCormac, Jcm (2006) Design of Reinforced Concrete. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons.
Inc.

5. Director, Mr Ryan. Utama Concrete Industries Sdn. Bhd.

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 8.0 APPENDICES

U-shape drain being install at

construction site

One of the products from Utama Concrete

Industry

L-shape drain from Utama Concrete

Industry

22

Box culvert made by Utama Concrete

Industry