BEL INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION

Student’s Name : Nur Fadzielah Binti Mohd Arsad

Student’s Id : 2008408306
Faculty / Group : Faculty of Business Management / BM03
Lecturer’s Name : Puan Sheema Liza Idris
Title : Autism
Purpose : To inform my audience about autism that are affecting
children nowadays.
Central ideas : Knowing the causes, symptoms and treatments of autism
will help us to understand and handling this disorder.

Introduction

Autism is rarely known and heard in our country. Autism is a disorder of neural
development that is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and
by restricted and repetitive behavior. These signs all begin before a child is three years
old. Autism involves many parts of the brain, and how this occurs is not well understood.
The two other autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are Asperger syndrome, which lacks
delays in cognitive development and language, and PDD-NOS, diagnosed when full
criteria for the other two disorders are not met. Autism is also brain disorder that makes
the individual hard to communicate and relate with others because of areas of brain fail to
work together. In western countries, autism is not an extraordinary case. They are already
aware about this disorder. They have an institution which is function to help and treat this
kind of children. Today, I would like to inform you about the causes, symptoms and also
the option that we have for treatment.
 Body I

(Transition: Firstly, let us start with the causes of autism.)

There were many assumptions made by several people about the causes because it
is not well known yet among us. Experts think autism may be something that the child
inherits because autism tends to run in families. There are studies that are looking
whether autism is cause by other medical problems or the child’s surrounding. While
some people think that autism is caused by childhood vaccines. Scientists also trying to
figure out which genes are responsible for passing down autism in families. For scientist
and researcher, it has long been presumed that there is a common cause at the genetic,
cognitive, and neural levels for autism's characteristic triad of symptoms. Deletion,
duplication and inversion are all chromosome abnormalities that have been implicated in
autism. Studies of twins suggest that heritability is 0.7 for autism and 0.9 for the broader
autism phenotype and siblings of those with autism are about 25 times more likely to be
autistic than the general population. Environmental factors that have been claimed to
contribute to autism, or may be important in future research, include certain foods,
infectious disease, heavy metals, solvents, diesel exhaust, phenols used in plastic
products, alcohol, smoking, drugs, vaccines, and prenatal stress.
 Body II

(Transition: Next, I will inform you the symptoms to diagnose autistic child.)

Symptoms are divided into three categories. Firstly, are social interactions and
relationships. This child prefers to play alone. Besides, autistic child usually fail to
establish friendship with children at their same age. This child is lack of interest to share
enjoyment or achievement with other people. Secondly, is verbal and nonverbal
communication. It include significant problem in eye gazing, facial expression, and body
posture. They have a delay in learning to talk, or not talking at all. Thirdly, is limited
interest in activities and plays. They have an unusual focus on parts of toys, instead of
playing entire toy. There will be a need for sameness and routine.

Body III

(Transition : Now let us look how autism can be treated.)

There are four strategies that are recommended by the American Academy of
Pediatrics (AAP). First is through behavioral training and management. This is done by
using positive reinforcement, self help and social skill. Next is specialized therapy that
includes speech, occupational and physical therapy. Speech therapy help improve
language and social skill. Occupational therapy help learn process information from
senses. Physical therapy improves deficiencies in coordination and motor skills. Besides
that is using medication to treat related condition and problem behavior. Community
support and parent training are also one way in treating autism.
 Conclusion

As we have known, autism need awareness and this is important for us to know
the cause and symptoms to diagnose autism child. However, there are treatment options
to help to help and improve people with autism. Although experts have not yet identified
a way to prevent autism. At least we are getting more aware when we know what is
autism, the causes, symptoms and also the treatment of this disease.
 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
KAMPUS SERI ISKANDAR
PERAK

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(HONS)
(MARKETING)
APRIL ‘09 – NOVEMBER ‘09

SUBJECT CODE : BEL 490

SUBJECT : PRESENTATION SKILL
PROGRAMME : BM220
CLASS : BM220 / BM03
PREPARED BY : NUR FADZIELAH BINTI MOHD ARSAD
MATRICS NO : 2008408306

PREPARED FOR:
PN. SHEEMA LIZA BINTI IDRIS

DATE OF SUBMISSION : 19 OCTOBER 2009