MedSCi Midterm Practice Biomembranes MCQ

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1. a What kind of membrane protein penetrates into the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer?
a. integral protein
b. lipid-anchored protein
c. peripheral proteins
d. b and c
e. a and b
2. a Why are integral membrane proteins difficult to study?
a. They are difficult to isolate in soluble form due to their hydrophobic transmembrane domains.
b. They are difficult to isolate in soluble form due to their hydrophilic transmembrane domains.
c. They are so small.
d. They are so large.
e. none of the above
3. a Gorter and Grendel extracted lipids from human red blood cells. They calculated the total surface area for these red blood cells
and found it to be 36 µ2. How much surface area would these lipids cover once they were spread across the surface of water?
a. 72 µ2
b. 36 µ2
c. 18 µ2
d. 144 µ2
e. 30 µ2
4. a What did Davson and Danielli add to their model of enzyme structure to explain the passage of polar solutes and ions through the
membrane and to account for their selective permeability?
a. They proposed protein-lined pores.
b. They proposed lipid-lined pores.
c. They proposed carbohydrate-lined pores.
d. They proposed a protein coating on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.
e. They proposed a carbohydrate coating on the external surface of the membrane.
5. a _______ are fluid-filled, membrane-bound spherical vesicles surrounded by a single, continuous lipid bilayer, resembling a natural
membrane. It is hoped that these structures loaded with DNA or an anticancer drug may be useful in treating cancer or some other
disease.
a. Liposomes
b. Micelles
c. Syringes
d. Lysosomes
e. Doxorubisomes
6. b What kind of membrane protein is found entirely outside the bilayer on either the extracellular or cytoplasmic surface? These
proteins are covalently linked to a membrane lipid situated within the bilayer?
a. integral protein
b. lipid-anchored protein
c. peripheral proteins
d. b and c
e. a and b
7. b What role are glycolipids like gangliosides thought to play in the cell?
a. They are thought to metabolize sugars.
b. They are thought to serve as some kind of receptor.
c. They help to stabilize the membrane.
d. They help to destroy infectious bacteria.
e. a and b
8. b Why did liposomes not work against diseases as hoped when they were first tried?
a. They were degraded in the bloodstream.
b. Immune system phagocytes removed them from the bloodstream before they could exert an effect.
c. They leaked before getting to their target.
d. They were targeted incorrectly.
e. They expanded osmotically and lysed before reaching their target.
9. b What technique allows an investigation of the microheterogeneity of a membrane so that one can see localized differences in
different parts of the membrane?
a. freeze-denture replication
b. freeze-fracture replication
c. X-ray crystallography
d. circular dichroism
e. tasty-freeze replication
10. b On average, how many amino acids engaged in α-helices does it take to cross the hydrophobic part of the membrane?
a. 10 - 20 amino acids
b. 20 - 30 amino acids
c. 30 - 40 amino acids
d. 2 - 3 amino acids
e. none of the above
11. b What are the building blocks of a phosphoglyceride, specifically phosphatidic acid?
a. glycerol + 2 phosphate groups + 1 fatty acid
b. glycerol + 1 phosphate group + 2 fatty acids
c. glycerol + 1 phosphate group
d. glycerol + 3 fatty acids
e. glycerol + 1 phosphate group + 3 fatty acids
12. b How do the fungal toxins, the fumonisin, exert their effects?
a. They synthesize excess glycolipids.
b. They inhibit glycolipid synthesis.
c. They inhibit phospholipid synthesis.
d. They excite sphingolipid synthesis.
e. a and b
13. c What kind of membrane protein is found entirely outside the bilayer on the extracellular or cytoplasmic surface? These proteins
are associated with the membrane surface by noncovalent bonds.
a. integral protein
b. lipid-anchored protein
c. peripheral proteins
d. b and c
e. a and b
14. c What word describes the structures of cholesterol, phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids?
a. amphoteric
b. ambidextrous
c. amphipathic
d. rings
e. straight
15. c You treat some cells with a proteolytic enzyme that is too large to penetrate the cell membrane Set 1). Another group of cells is
made permeable before treatment with the enzyme (Set 2). A third set of cells was not treated with the enzyme at all (controls).
Proteins are then extracted from the three different sets of cells and applied to an SDS-PAGE gel. Protein X migrates to the same
distance on a gel of proteins from control cells and the gels of the proteins from Set 1 and Set 2. Protein Y migrates a longer
distance when extracted from Set 1 cells than does protein Y in the controls; Protein Y moves an even larger distance in the gel of
the extracts from Set 2. Protein Z migrates the same distance on gels of proteins from the controls and the proteins extracted from
Set 1, but it migrates a longer distance in extracts from Set 2 cells. Which protein is a transmembrane protein?
a. Protein A
b. Protein X
c. Protein Y
d. Protein Z
e. b and c
16. c How are the new stealth liposomes protected from immune system phagocytes?
a. They are kept cold before use.
b. They are coated with carbohydrates.
c. They are given a synthetic polymer coating that protects them from immune destruction.
d. They are loaded with radioactive isotopes.
e. They are colored red.
17. c What evidence convinced Overton that membranes were composed of lipids?
a. He could see the lipids in the microscope.
b. Membranes were destroyed by enzymes that degraded lipids.
c. He found that more lipid-soluble solutes enter root hair cells faster than polar solutes
d. Membranes dissolved in gasoline.
e. Membranes did not dissolve in water.
18. c What is largely responsible for the negative charge on many oligosaccharide chains?
a. aspartic acid
b. glutamic acid
c. sialic acid
d. glucose
e. galactose
19. c What arrangement did Gorter and Grendel suggest for lipids in the cell membrane?
a. a single layer of lipids
b. a lipid bilayer with phospholipid tails facing the water on each surface of the membrane
c. a lipid bilayer with phospholipid heads facing the water on each surface of the membrane
d. a lipid trilayer with phospholipid heads facing the water on each surface of the membrane
e. a protein bilayer
20. d Which protein in Question 28 is exposed only on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane?
a. Protein A
b. Protein X
c. Protein Y
d. Protein Z
e. b and c
21. d Membrane-associated carbohydrates exhibit a major asymmetry in their distribution. What is it?
a. Membrane-associated carbohydrates face the cytoplasm in all cases.
b. Membrane-associated carbohydrates face toward the outside of cells into the extracellular space.
c. Internal cellular membrane carbohydrates face the organelle interior and away from the cytosol.
d. b and c
e. Carbohydrates are only associated with the nuclear membrane.
22. d What kinds of molecule could be placed in liposome walls to get them to bind selectively to surface of the correct target cell?
a. cholesterol
b. antibodies
c. antigens
d. b and e
e. hormones
23. e The carbohydrates on the red blood cell membranes of a person with the AB blood type would have what sugar on the ends their
chains?
a. glucose
b. N-acetylgalactosamine
c. galactose
d. maltose
e. b and c
24. e What kind of membrane protein cannot be washed free of the membrane by a low ionic strength solution?
a. integral protein
b. lipid-anchored protein
c. peripheral proteins
d. b and c
e. a and b
25. e What kind of membrane protein is not at all embedded within the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer?
a. integral protein
b. lipid-anchored protein
c. peripheral proteins
d. a and b
e. b and c
26. e What is the name of a molecule with the following structure: sphingosine + fatty acid + galactose?
a. a cerebroside
b. a ganglioside
c. a phosphoglyceride
d. a and e
e. galactocerebroside
27. e How are integral membrane proteins isolated from membranes?
a. They are denatured by heating and then renatured.
b. They are extracted with salt solutions.
c. They are extracted with ionic detergents.
d. They are extracted with nonionic detergents.
e. c and d
28. e How did the Singer and Nicolson Fluid-Mosaic model differ from earlier models of membrane structure?
a. They proposed that the lipids in the membrane are frozen and immobile.
b. They proposed that proteins are distributed in a mosaic of discontinuous particles that penetrate into or through the membrane
or interact with the polar heads of the lipids
c. They proposed that individual lipids move laterally within the plane of a membrane.
d. Carbohydrates are always located on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
e. b and c
29. e Which of the following statement was evidence that there must be more to membranes than the lipid bilayer?
a. Membranes grew.
b. Lipid solubility was not the sole determinant of what can pass through a membrane.
c. The surface tension of membranes was much higher than those of pure lipid structures.
d. The surface tension of membranes was much lower than those of pure lipid structures.
e. b and d
30. e Which of the following is a function of membranes?
a. compartmentalization
b. selectively permeable barrier
c. mediates intercellular interactions
d. helps cells respond to external stimuli
e. all of the above