Copyright © 2018 by Danilo Ledesma Hobayan Jr

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means,
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The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review. For permission
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below.

ISBN: 978-0-000000-0 (Paperback)

ISBN: 978-0-000000-0 (Hardcover)

Capiz National High School Number: 09128530322

Front cover image by Danilo Hobayan

Book design by Danilo Hobayan

Printed by First, Inc., in the Philippines

First printing edition 2018.

Danilo Hobayan
Brgy. Libas
Roxas city, Capiz, 5800
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introducing Culture, Society, and Politics...................................................0

Lesson 1: Making sense of our Everyday Experiences………………………………2

 Culture…………………………………………………………………….2
 Society………………………………………………………………….....3
 Politics…………………………………………………………………….4

Lesson 2: Understanding the Concepts of Culture, Society, and Politics…………6

 Aspects of Culture………………………………………………………..6
 Sociological Approaches to the Study of Society……………………….8
 Discerning Politics: Politics, Public Affairs, Consensus and Power……..9

Lesson 3: Human, Bio-cultural and Social Evolution……………………………..11

 Biological and Cultural Evolution……………………………………….12

 Cultural and Socio-Political Evolution…………………………………..13

Chapter 2: Becoming a Member of the Society……………………………………..15

Lesson 1: Enculturation and Socialization …………………………………………18

Lesson 2: Conformity and Deviance………………………………………………..19

Lesson 3: Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good……………………….20

Chapter 3: Organizing Society……………………………………………………….22

Lesson 1: Exploring Groups Within Society………………………………………...24

Lesson 2: Examining Cultural, Social, and Political Institutions…………………..25

Chapter 4: Political and Leadership Structure.............................................................27

Lesson 1: Political Organizations…………………………………………………..28

 Bands……………………………………………………………………..29
 Tribes……………………………………………………………………...29
 Chiefdoms………………………………………………………………...30
 States and Nations……………………………………………………….30
 Lesson 2: Authority and Legitimacy…………………………………………………30

 Traditional………………………………………………………………..30
 Charismatic……………………………………………………………….31
 Rational…………………………………………………………………..31

Chapter 5: Economic Institutions..................................................................................32

 Reciprocity……………………………………………………………….34
 Redistribution…………………………………………………………….34
 Transactions State………………………………………………………..34
 Transfers………………………………………………………………….35
 Market…………………………………………………………………….36

Chapter 6: Non-State Institutions……………………………………………………..37

 Banks and Corporations………………………………………………….39

 Cooperatives and Trade Unions………………………………………....40
 Trans-National and Advocacy Groups………………………………….40
 Development Agencies…………………………………………………..40
 International Organizations ……………………………………………..41

Chapter 7: Education………………………………………………………………….42

Lesson 1: Function of Education in Society………………………………………..44

 Productive Citizenry……………………………………………………...44
 Self- Actualization………………………………………………………..44
 Primary Education as a Human Right…………………………………...44

Lesson 2: Health……………………………………………………………………..45

 Culture Specific Syndromes and Illnesses……………………………....45

 Systems of Diagnosis, Prevention, and Healing…………………………46
 Health as a Human Right………………………………………………..47

Chapter 8: Social Change and Human Agency………………………………………49

Lesson 1: Social Stratification………………………………………………………51

 Social Desirables………………………………………………………….51
 Social Mobility System…………………………………………………..52
 Social Inequality…………………………………………………………52
Chapter 9: Social Change and Human Agency………………………………………53

Lesson 1: Invention………………………………………………………………….55

 New Forms of Media and Social Networking…………………………….55

 Technological Change…………………………………………………….57

Lesson 2: Diffusion, Acculturation, and Globalization……………………………..58

Lesson 3: Social Contradiction, Conflict, and Change……………………………..59

Lesson 4: Social Movements……………………………………………………….60

Lesson 5: Demographic Change…………………………………………………….61

 Preface

The basis for this research originally stemmed from my teacher’s final assignation.

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (Danilo version) uses the transdisciplinary

perspective involving anthropology, political science, and sociology. It aims to advance students’

critical thinking skills and competencies in interacting with other individuals, groups,

communities, networks, and institutions through a holistic approach for a better appreciation of

cultural variation, social differences and political identities, and the confidence to articulate and

engage themselves in the examination of the country’s current human development goals and in

the global context.

In truth, I could not have achieved my current level of success without a strong support group.

First of all, my parents, who supported me with love and understanding. Secondly, my internet

friends, each of whom has provided patient advice and guidance throughout the research process.

And lastly, Liza Soberano, my lovely inspiration. Thank you all for your unwavering support.