Académique Documents
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PSS®SINCAL
Benefits from advanced network planning procedures
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PSS®SINCAL
System Planning for all Fields
Weak points
Optimal structures
Multi Windowing
Diagrams for
Visualizing
Metering
SCADA
Assets
Mainte
nance
ERP
GIS
…
Data Bus - (virtual) Data Ware House - Middle ware IEC 61970 - CIM/XML
Standard Interfaces:
•GIS Smallworld
(Mettenmeier) CIM/XML
Tabular Editor
Evaluations
PSS®
Calculation
Messages
•DVG
Diagrams
(Crystal )
methods
Reports
•UCTE
GUI
•PSS E
•Adept SINCAL
•Viper
•NETOMAC
Interfaces (API,COM)
CIM-Exchange ….
•ODMS
Object oriented access layer (models, methods, cases)
EXCEL-Import
Customized Results
Applications Workspace global / local global / local global / local
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SQL-DB Libraries
PSS®SINCAL Modules – Electricity Networks
Basic Modules Enhanced Modules Time Domain Frequency Domain Protection Strategy
Load
LoadFlow
Flow Load
LoadFlow
Flow Motor
MotorStart
Start Ripple
RippleControl
Control Distance
DistanceProtection
Protection Reliability
Reliability
Balanced
Balanced Unbalanced
Unbalanced
Short
Short Circuit
Circuit3-Phase
3-Phase Overcurrent
Overcurrent Time Cost
Cost Calculations
Time
IEC
IEC//VDE
VDE //ANSI
ANSI// G74
G74 Multiple
MultipleFault
Fault Stability
Stability Harmonic
Harmonic Response
Response Protection Calculations
Protection
or
orPreload
Preload
Short
Short Circuit
Circuit2-Phase
2-Phase Dimensioning
Dimensioningofof Electromagnetic
Electromagnetic Generation
Generation and
and
Protection
ProtectionSimulation
IEC
IEC//VDE
VDE //ANSI
ANSI// G74
G74 LV
LV Networks
Networks Transients
Transients EMT
EMT
Simulation
Load
LoadProfile
Profile
or
orPreload
Preload
Short
Short Circuit
Circuit1-Phase
1-Phase Compensation Arc
Compensation Contingency Eigenvalues
Eigenvalues ArcFlash
FlashHazard
Hazard
IEC
IEC//VDE
VDE //ANSI
ANSI// G74
G74 Optimization
Optimization ContingencyAnalysis
Analysis
or Load
LoadDevelopment
Development
orPreload
Preload
Load
LoadAllocation
Allocation(Trim)
(Trim) Graphical
Graphical Model
Model Builder
Builder
Load
LoadBalancing
Balancing FACTS
FACTSModels
Models
Transformer
TransformerTap
TapDetection
Detection BOSL
BOSL// Netcad
Netcad
Optimal
Optimal
Optimal
Optimal Branching
Branching Network
Network Structures
Structures
Load
LoadFlow
FlowOptimization
Optimization Generic
Generic Wind
WindModels
Models Line
LineConstants
Constants
1.5
103
1.0
EB14
2
10
EB2
0.5 EB11
EB14 EB2 EB12 EB10 EB12
1
EB5
10
EB10
0.0
S1 SS1 EB11 SS3 EB5 SS2 Abg1
1
-0.5
-1.0 10-1
-1.5 -2
10
-2.0
-3
Z[Ohm]
10
-1 1 2 4 5
I [A]
10 1 10 10 103 10 10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4
Schutzstrecke: EB14 [S1,Abg1]
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PSS™SINCAL Modules - Pipe Networks
Gas
Gas Water
Water District
District Heating
Heating
Steady
SteadyState
State Steady
SteadyState
State Steady
SteadyState
State
Water
Water
Tower
TowerFilling
Filling
Gas
Gas Water
Water District
District Heating
Heating
Dynamic
Dynamic Dynamic
Dynamic Dynamic
Dynamic
Gas
Gas Water
Water District
District Heating
Heating
Contingency
ContingencyAnalysis
Analysis Contingency
ContingencyAnalysis
Analysis Contingency
ContingencyAnalysis
Analysis
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Presentation of Calculation Results
Protocol in Crystal Reports
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Presentation of Calculation Results
Result evaluation in tabular view
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Presentation of Calculation Results
Display at Element Location
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Presentation of Calculation Results
Results in the Network Map- Short Circuit
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Presentation of Calculation Results
Results in the Network Map- unbal. Loadflow
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Presentation of Calculation Results
Network with coloured Results
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Diagram Comparison for Different Variants
In the diagram system, diagram data from different variants can now be compared.
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Presentation of Calculation Results
Diagrams for Illustration
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Supporting Network Planning by common features
•Using variants
using tree structure for updates
maintaining the network changes
evaluate across different variants
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Macro usage
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Calculation of Transfer between Networks
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Supporting Network Planning with specific features
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Feeder evaluation and documenation
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Feeder Evaluation
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Load density in areas with proposal for supply loops
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load development during a long time period
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Background Graphics
.shp
.MrSid
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From Data Collection to Results
PSS®E, etc.
PSS®SINCAL
Data Base
Results
Export to Excel
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Standard Interface between GE Smallworld and
PSS®SINCAL
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PSS®SINCAL – Network displayed in Google Earth
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PSS®SINCAL
Networks and Results displayed in Google Earth
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Modelling of Large Transmission Networks
in PSS®SINCAL
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PSS®SINCAL – Example: Schematic Network View
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Example: Network with synchronized
geographic and one-line diagram
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PSS®SINCAL Substion Model (with decluttering)
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Wind Power Simulation
• Connection models
AC-connections, HVDC, HSC-HVDC, DC-lines
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Wind Power Simulation
-1.2 5
1
MEL [pu]
WTG1
MMEC H [pu]
WTG1 0
-1
-4
0 0
-10 -1
4 5
0 0
TES TNET 1
(R)
2009 -1 0-30 12 :19 Pr oduce d with PSS NETO M AC (Re gi stered trademark of S iemens A G)
wind
profiles
• user –defined models
(including machine model)
5
active pow er
stator + LSC
(MW )
reactiv e power
stator + LSC 0
(MVAr )
-5
5
active pow er
stator
(MW )
reactiv e power
stator 0
(MVAr )
-5
2
active pow er
LSC
(MW )
reactiv e power
LSC 0
(MVAr )
-2
2
crow bar t rigger
-2
1 .5
generato r speed
(pu)
DFIG_TESTNET 1
20 09 -10-3 0 12 :28 Pr oduce d w ith PSS (R) NET OM AC (R e gi st ere d trade mark of S iemens A G)
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One PSS®SINCAL Element Model for all Tasks
The model complexity could vary from very simple (e.g. for short circuit) to normal (Load Flow or
Harmonics) and different levels of complexity for Dynamics (different PV models or wind)
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Example: PSS®SINCAL Dynamics
in Unbalanced Networks with DER (PV, Wind,…)
•network stability, if a
wind generator at the
end of a feeder
disconnects from the
grid and grid is
unbalanced
or
•unbalanced faults
simulation in balanced
systems e.g.
according to grid code
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Smart Grid Simulation
(photovoltaic, fuel cells, batteries, …)
• Distributed generation (e.g. photovoltaic, wind turbines, fuel
cells, batteries) and its effect on the network can be simulated.
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Smart Grid Calculation
Smart Metering
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Smart Grid Calculation
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Smart Grid Calculation
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Smart Grid Calculation
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Solution for optimal Operation: Switching off back-
feeding Transformer by Network Protectors
feed-back of transformers
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PSS®SINCAL has an linkage to MDMS system
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Long Term Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL
via MeterReadService from Energy IP
Existing network model within the network planning
System PSS®SINCAL
PSS®SINCAL
SINCAL analyzes this specific day
Tabular Editor
Evaluations
Calculation
Messages
Diagrams
(Crystal )
methods
Reports
GUI
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Long Term Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL
via MeterReadService from Energy IP
The network simulation gives you results for the
loading of the network and for the voltage ranges
during the day in every location
SINCAL also provides theme-maps for the whole
network e.g. for the voltage at different times
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Operation Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL
via the ActivityGateway of Energy IP
PSS®SINCAL
Tabular Editor
Evaluations
Messages
(Crystal )
Diagrams
methods
Reports
GUI
COM-Interfaces: Data base access layer The operation planning can initiate suitable changes
SINCAL DB Data
Input data
Graphic data
Dictionary
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Benefit for Utilities and Customers
Benefits
Save losses
Save investment cost
Save carbon pollution
May offer cheaper energy to the customers
Support new form of Micro Grids
Support new pricing models for customers (e.g. load shedding on demand)
Operate networks with a high content of distributed energy resources (DER)
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PSS®SINCAL : Programming Interface
Open Structure
Open +
SINCAL DB SINCAL DB
Documentated
DB
+
VBA SINCAL COM
.NET
External Applications
could control PSS®SINCAL
by standard-API‘s VBS
Control of PSS®SINCAL by
Excel
Requirements:
• PSS®SINCAL V5xx
• MS Excel 2000
Tools:
• Visual Basic for Application
(VBA)
• Visual Basic Editor within Excel
Knowledge:
• SQL
• Visual Basic
• PSS®SINCAL DB-Structure
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3D-Visualization – Load funnels
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3D-Visualization – Load density and max load
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Good Reasons for PSS®SINCAL:
• Long history in power system planning, analysis and software
• Complete network analysis tool for electricity networks (radial/meshed,
balanced/unbalanced, all voltage levels) as well as gas, water
and district heat networks
• Powerful network analysis and planning tools with strong
graphical visualization & automated documentation capability
• Geographic and schematic networks diagrams are supported
• Good integration in work flows and with other IT-systems,
e.g. GIS (e.g. ESRI, Smallworld etc.), SCADA/DMS/EMS interfaces
• Numerous standard import and export formats, e.g. PSS E, CIM, Excel
• Easy to use („Plug and work“), online help, hotline support
• Trainings, customized workshops and user group meetings
• Continuous further development and regular updates
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calculation of quality mixture from different
sources and time from source to node
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contour plotting in pipe networks (load density)
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Contour plotting of elevation of nodes
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longitudinal cuts through network
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longitudinal cut: results
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longitudinal cut for three different working points
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Water: filling of water tower within the day
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day profile of at a defined node
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display of problems in supply
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longitudinal cut:
forward and reverse flow (heating)
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PSS®SINCAL Loadflow
Tasks
Tasks:
Determination of currents, voltages and powers
within electrical networks
- within operation
- within failure of operation equipment
- while changing of loads
Restrictions:
no overloading or operation equipment
voltages within the voltage range
machines within controler ranges
Determination of weak points
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PSS®SINCAL Loadflow
constant Power or constant Impedance
A ZAB B
I
constant
UG = const. UL power
S = 3 x UL x J = const. S = const.
A ZAB B
I
UG = const. UL Z constant
impedance
UL²
S=
2 Z
UL
S = S100% (U ) 100%
Z = const.
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PSS®SINCAL Loadflow
Loadflow - Iteration Methods
S*SOLL
Y • U(y) = Current - Iteration
*(y-1)
U
δP δP
|U| ∆Θ ∆P
δΘ δ|U|
Newton-Raphson • =
δQ δQ ∆|U|
|U| ∆Q
δΘ δ|U| |U|
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Load and generation profile modelling
load or generation
profile
simultaneity factor
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PSS®SINCAL Load Flow – Day Profiles
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PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit
Tasks
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PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit
Stress in case of short circuit
current
Ik“ thermic stress
iP mechanical stress
upper envelope curve
2 √ 2 Ik"
DC component
iP
time
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PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit
with Preload
Loadflow Superposition
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PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning
Tasks
Protection Devices
Combination:
Loadflow
1 - phase short circuit
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PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning
protection area is limited by two fuses
1. Time step
In2
Σ Ik1 > k ( In1 + In2 )
In1 Σ Ik1
2. Time step
Ik2
In1 < k
In1 Ik2
3. Time step
Ik3
In2 <
k
Ik3 In2
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PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning
Contradictions
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PSS®SINCAL Multiple Faults
Combination of Faults
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PSS®SINCAL Stability (ST)
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PSS®SINCAL Electromagnetic Transients (EMT)
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System Overview
®
Graphical input with NETCAD :
System components,
Machines, Shafts,
Grid- and machine controllers,
Control units
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Program Modes
Stability Mode
1.5
LE-Volt [ pu]
Frequency Response
AE
0.0
1000
P [ MW]
SL5-2
1.5
VOLTAGE 0 1
NODE AE DIF-Volt[ pu]
IN P.U. 110KVT2. R
BETR.SIE R
0
0.0
-1000 -1
75
THETA [ Deg]
GT5MVA
THETA [ Deg]0
DT2.5MVA
VOLTAGE AND
-1.5 ACTIVE PO
-75 R
1 1
0.0 Q 1.5[ pu] P [ pu] 3.0 4.5 6.0 SEC
GT5MVA LOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC)
GT5MVA
1000 SIEMENS AG, EV NP SVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000, FREQUENCY CONTROOLED
ACTIVE POWER
AT AE IN MW 0 0 PAGE
SVC_DEMO . 1
15.9.1999 21:08 Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG
-1 -1
1
MMECH [ pu]
0 GT5MVA
MEL [ pu] 0
GT5MVA
-1
1 1
+ 0.7 pu LE-Volt [ pu]
BETR.SIE R
-1000
- 0.7 puAND 0
VOLTAGE 0
ACTIVE POWER
NODE AE
-1 -1
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 SEC 5
LOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC) IA_HV [ pu]
SIEMENS AG, EV NP 3PHASE SC AT F-L7 CLEARED BY OPENING SL7-1 AND SL7-2 AFTER 0.256SEC. GT5MVA
SVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000 FREQUENCY CONTROLLED
SVC_DEMO_K PAGE : 1 0
Generatorgrößen
Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG
Bild 1 von 1
1
SEC
Transient ↔
15.9.1999 21:01 Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG
Stability Mode
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Useful Tools for Increase of Application Efficiency
Complete System
Importfilter
Exportfilter
Interactive Simulation Relevant Network
PSS/
supports Training Dynamic Netreduction NETOMAC
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NEVA - Visualization of Power Systems Oscillations
NEVA - Are
All Results
NEVA -various
variousrepresentations
representationsof
Visualized in NEVAr
ofresults
results
Sample Results
SAPP WSCC
(South African Power Pool)
(Western Systems Coordinating Council)
WY CO
MT
WA BC
CA UT
AB
Chile AZ NM
ID
ME NV OR
0.30 Hz
Geographical
GeographicalMode
ModeShape
Shape
SECP NETS
(Southeast China Power) (New England Test System)
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NEVA - Controller Siting
0.3 Hz
0.3 Hz
interarea
interarea
mode
mode
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Automatic Test and Optimization of Protection
Equipment
Hardware PC
System- Interface Interface
response
Amplifiers
NETOMAC
Digital
A
D Real-Time-
Simulator
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PSS®NETOMAC Light
Testing of an Exciter Controller
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PSS®SINCAL
optimal Branching
S335
S440
V395
7
S43
V40 S340
0
3
V39
0
V39
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PSS®SINCAL
optimal Branching
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PSS®SINCAL Harmonics
Frequency Dependency of the Elements
3. Usual approximations
Im { Z }
1. Lv = Lo and Rv = Ro
f
⇒ regardless of the frquency dependency
of the ohmic part
f
0.9
2. Lv = Lo v k and Rv = Ro • v k
⇒ nearly constant quality factor
f
3. Considering the
Skin and Proximity Effects Re { Z }
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PSS®SINCAL Harmonics
Harmonic Response and Polar Plot of a Network Point
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PSS®SINCAL Harmonics
Voltage Disturbance at Node and Network Level
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Contingency Analysis
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Reactive Power Optimization:
Capacitor Placement
– Capacitor rating
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Capacitor Placement
The available capacitors as well as the nodes where these can be placed
need to be defined. The capacitor placement optimization procedure then
attempts to place available capacitors at those nodes where they will
produce the least possible network losses.
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Compensation Optimization
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Transfomer Tap Calculation
Tap Zone Detection is a special load flow procedure for determining transformer tap positions
in feeders. PSS SINCAL attempts to set transformer tap positions at the feeders so that
the voltage for supplied consumers stays within the permitted voltage range for both
minimum and maximum load.
Basically, tap zone calculations combine a simple optimization with load trimming for minimum and
maximum operating states.
The results of tap zone calculations provide the optimal transformer tap positions as well as the
load flow results for minimum and maximum load.
Enhanced loads
with transformer
and measurements
…Measuring
devices
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Transfomer Tap Calculation
-In the first step, the load is trimmed for both the minimum
and maximum values in the network. The network needs to
be analyzed topologically to determine how measuring
devices and loads are interconnected.
-With the help of the network topology, PSS SINCAL assigns
all loads "behind" a measuring device to it. Any number of
loads can be assigned to a measuring device.
-Loads with measurements are included in the tap zone
detection. Loads without measurements remain with their
prescribed power as constant load in the network.
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Transformer Tap Calculation
To visualize the results in a simple and clearly arranged manner, the evaluation type tap zone
positions can be used to color the network diagram. Network areas with the same transformer
tap positions are colored in identical colors.
The load flow results are prepared for both minimum and maximum load.
To precisely evaluate transformer tap positions, PSS SINCAL has special voltage curve
diagrams to show voltage curves at feeders
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PSS®SINCAL Ripple Control
Modells of Transmitter
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Reliability Analysis as Planning Tool
–– Additional
Additionalplanning
planningtool
tool
–– Quality
Qualitystatement
statementfor
forcustomers
customers Non availability
Non availability
–– Basis
Basisfor
forrisk
riskassessment
assessment 10
10
–– Support
Supportforformaintenance
maintenancemanagement
management
8
8
6
–– Identification
Identificationofofweak
weakpoints
m in /a
6
points
m in /a
4
4
2
2
0
0
Significance of reliability analysis Exist
Exist
V1
V1
Variant
V2
V2
V3
V3
Variant
Reliability
indices
Interruption
Interruptionfrequency
frequency HHu 1/a
1/a
u
Mean
Meaninterruption
interruptionduration
duration TTu hh
u
Unavailability
Unavailability QQu min/a
min/a
u
Performance
Performanceinterruption
interruption LLu MVA/a
MVA/a
u
Energy
Energynot
notsupplied
suppliedinintime
time WWu MVAh/a
MVAh/a
u
Interruption
Interruptioncosts
costs KKu EUR/a
EUR/a
u
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Example: Day ahead reliability assessment
without and with line shutdown for maintenance
0 min/a 25 min/a
0 min/a 25 min/a
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Influence of components to energy not delivered in time
100
f (E)
F (E)
80
60
40
20
Extension: Variant A
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PSS®SINCAL Reliability
Input and output data in network diagram
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PSS®SINCAL Motor Starting
Input Data
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PSS®SINCAL Motorstart (MA)
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Overcurrent time protection
• Definition of user-defined
overcurrent time protection
characteristics and devices
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Distance protection
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Depiction of protection simulation results
Tele-
protection red:
green:
tripped
started
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Stepped-Event Fault Simulation in PSS®SINCAL
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Results of stepped-event protection system
analysis
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Protection Devices Management System
PSS®PDMS
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PSS®SINCAL and PSS®E
Graphic Model Builder (GMB)
• GMB supports modeling of AVRs, Exciters, and other models
• GMB created models are easily included in PSS®SINCAL and
PSS®E files
• Now model any vendor-supplied model
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PSS®SINCAL and PSS®E
GMB “Wires Together” Control Blocks
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PSS® SINCAL – Cost Calculation
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Cost calculation
Alternative A: 161 kV
power station substation
161 kV 161 kV 345 kV
load
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Optimal Network Structures