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: R0
Transmission Line Tower Rev. Date : March 14, 2014
Foundations Page : 1 of 5
TANESCO
Table of contents
2. Excavation
The proposal of foundation type is based upon the soil investigation. The
actual soil conditions shall be checked (PCP soil nomination procedure)
during excavation and compared to the required conditions of the proposed
foundation type if condition differ from original report (very poor soil).
2. Lean Concrete
If, at any point during the excavation where concrete is to be placed, the natural
foundation material beyond the depth of the foundation is disturbed or loosened
due to the carelessness during the excavation works, this disturbed or loosened
material has to be replaced with 100mm thick lean concrete.
3. Stub Setting
The actual elevation of any stub shall not differ from the dimension given in the
drawings (Tower Stub Setting Dimensions) by more than 6mm.The diagonal and
face dimensions shall not differ by more than 25mm.
It must be guaranteed that the reinforcement bars installed has concrete cover of
75 mm against earth and 50 mm against shuttering. The reinforcement steel must
be free of soil / dirt, otherwise appropriate thickness of lean concrete has to be
applied.
Client has to be informed in written form before the concrete works. The works
can only be carried out with the acceptance of Client’s engineers.
6. Concrete Work
6.1. The construction operation has to protect water flowing from any source,
including rain into the excavated cells. The work areas must be free from
water.
6.2. In dry season the soil and the lean concrete must be wet but without
standing water.
6.4. Mixing of concrete for each foundation may be done at site by means of
stationary or mobile concrete mixers. In the concreting of each tower
foundations, it is required that there shall at least be two (2) units of mixers.
For small foundations, where the quantity of concrete is below 6.0 m3 one
(1) mixing unit is sufficient.
6.5. Mixing time for each batch shall not be less than 1-1/2 minutes after all solid
materials are in the mixer drum, provided that all of the mixing water shall
be introduced before ¼ of the mixing time has elapsed.
6.6. Concrete shall be conveyed from mixers to the forms or to the place of
deposit as rapidly as possible and by methods which will prevent
segregation or loss of ingredients. There shall be no vertical drop greater
than 1.5 meters except where suitable equipment like metal pipe or tremie is
used.
6.7. Earth surfaces upon which concrete to be clean, dry and thoroughly
compacted before placing the concrete.
6.8. Rock surfaces upon which concrete shall be placed to be clear of loose or
semi-detached or unsound rock particles. Before placing concrete, all
surfaces shall be wetted thoroughly to keep them in a completely moist
condition, after which leveling mortar of the same cement ratio as the
concrete mix shall be placed into all holes and crevices to ensure complete
contact between concrete and the leveled surface.
6.10. Vibrators shall not be inserted into lower courses that have commenced
initial set, or shall not be in contact with reinforcement embedded in
concrete that is beginning to set or that has already set.
6.12. Concrete shall be cured for a period of not less than (7 seven) consecutive
days by keeping the surfaces of concrete continuously (not periodically) wet.
Test cubes shall be made during the progress of the works comprising a
7. Earthing
Before completion of the back filling, the basic earthing according to the relevant
Drawing will be installed. After final back filling,the earth resistance will be
measured and recorded. In case the earth resistance exceeds 10 ohms,
additional earthing (counterpoise) will be buried according to the relevant drawing.
The measurement of the earth resistance will then be repeated and entered into
the record sheet together with the length of the additional counter poise which has
been done.
8. Back Filling
8.1. Materials for backfilling shall be taken from suitable materials obtained from
tower footing excavations. If such materials are insufficient to complete the
required volume of backfill, materials may be obtained from areas near the
site of excavations or from sources proposed by the Contractor and
approved by the Contracting Officer.
8.2. Materials for backfill shall be compatible, free of organic matter and other
objectionable material.
8.3. Excavated areas around the footings and rock wall shall be backfilled in
horizontal layers, each layer not exceed 30 centimeters in loose volume
thickness and compacted as directed.
After completion of works MEES will inspect the work and will do the clarification
in case there are any doubt / discrepancy to their requirements.