Instruction is a procedure that provides detailed information generally intended for one

person. for example a book on a guide to installing a battery is remote.

Manual is a more complex procedure intended for several people. For example, the
guidebook maintains, operates and assembles robots. so the instructions are part of the
manual.
READING
A. Read quickly through the text below and try to understand the target words in bold.
Use of the microscope
Fluorescence microscope are most sophiscated equipment of this type. Before using this
microscope, practitioner must consult. there are many brands of fluorescence microscopes but
basically the same, the difference is the fine point. Everything will be the same when tried
here. To protect yourself and others you should overcome the hazard first. Things to
remember:
1. Arc lamp will potentially become bombs when pressed. This equipment is designed
like that to avoid injured users. When the arc lamp is hot, the pressure inside increases
to 8 atmospheres, or 112 pounds per square inch. Electric current becomes hot
because the electrode is released slowly and the arc is maintained between the
electrodes. With the heating process, the tip of the carbon electrode will
evaporate.The important point is not to check the arc light when it's hot and let it cool
first before opening the arc lamp until 20-30 minutes.
2. Never look the light directly from the rays of the mercury without eye protection. This
tool is designed like a bulb that is protected by the spread of light. Unfiltered light
contains rich ultaviolet and infrared and certainly damages the eyes. Although
ultaviolet has a low radiation level but in the long range can cause cataracts.
3. Before using a microscope, make sure the filter barrier is below. The barrier filter is a
filter designed to block excitation wavelengths and allow emission wavelengths to
pass through the eye. The emission wavelength is the wavelength emitted due to the
presence of atoms which makes the transition from high energy to low energy. The
excitation wavelength is the wavelength emitted by the presence of atoms which
makes the transition from low energy to high energy. If the barrier filter is removed
during the observation process using a microscope it will injury the eye. That must be
remembered the barrier filter is used to prevent the injured eye.

Question and answer

1. Why does arc lamp when it is pressed have potential become bomb?
Explosions such as bombs occur due to the release of large amounts of energy at a
narrow volume due to certain pressures.
2. Why do practitioners may not check arc lamp when it is hot?
Because when the arc lamp is in a hot situation, there is a large electric current and it
is dangerous to be electrocuted.
3. What will happens if practitioner check the arc lights in hot condition?
The practitioner's hand will get hurt because the hand comes into contact with the arc
lamp and can cause electrocuted.
4. How does ultraviolet damage the eyes to cause cataracts?
Because on the eyelids, there is actually a thin skin. So when the eye is too much
exposed by uv rays, uv rays can penetrate up to cause turbidity and damage to the
 nervous system in the retina of the eye. As a result, the metabolism of the eyes
become distracted.
5. What will happen if excitation wavelength doesn’t block on the barrier filter?
The excitation wavelength when reflected by the mirror will go to the practitioner’s
eye, even though the excitation wavelength contains a large amount of energy and
will damage the eye.

B. Fill the gaps with the choices below them to make a sensible text
Putting a microscope away.
Before taking a microscope, choose a flat and clean place. When you take a microscope from
the cabinet, make sure the microscope is clean and the condition is ready for use. Place the
microscope in the center of the table to minimize the microscope falling. The condition of the
microscope depends on the person who uses the microscope before practicing. When finished
using make sure the microscope returns to its original shape. Check the microscope and
return the microscope to the cabinet carefully and make sure the microscope is covered with a
wrapping fabric.
Question and Answer
1. Why should a microscope be placed in a flat place?
To avoid falling microscope so that it is easier to do experiment.
2. What would pratitioner do if the microscope was damaged because of someone
before pratitioner operated incorrectly?
Practitioner must report to the laboratory assistant immediately and tell the
chronology.
3. Why should microscope closed condition when completed by pratitioner?
To minimize damage and dirty and microscope is not exposed sun light directly.

1. Remove the slide from the stage

2. If immersion oil has been used,wipe it off the lens and stage with lens tissue.
3. Rotate the low power objective into position.
4. If the microscope has been inclined, raise it into an exrect position
5. If microscope has a built-in movable lamp, adjust the lamp to higest position.
6. If microscope has a long attaced electric cord, wrap it around the base
7. Return the mechanical stage so that it does not remove too far either side.
8. Replace the dustcover.
The choices
1. Replace 5. Rotate
2. Raise 6. Wrap
3. Wipe 7. Remove
4. Return 8. Adjust

C. Read the text thoroughly

The Liquid Filled Thermometer
The type of thermometer depends on the expansion of the thermometer fill solution which is
associated with an increase in temperature. Most use mercury thermometers. The
thermometer consists of a tube that has a curved end containing a solution. This solution is in
the form of mercury or alcohol. On heating, mercury will expand and push up in the tube.
When mercury does not expand then the practitioner can see the designated number. There
are 4 thermometer units, namely fahrenheit, celcius, rankine and kelvin. Mercury
thermometers are accurate but brittle devices that must be treated properly. Mercury
thermometers should not be used to measure in the food industry because mercury is a toxic
material. If mercury enters the body it will damage brain cells. Mercury thermometers are
used by doctors or parents to measure the temperature of the human body. Mercury can be
replaced with alcohol. Alcohol is cheaper and easier to obtain. But has a lower temperature
and soaks the tube. To get accurate results, the thermometer must be immersed in the media
but not touching the media wall so as not to affect the results.
Question and Answer
1. What will happen if mercury thermometer use to measure food temperature?
Food will contamined by mercury because mercury is corrosive and poisinous solution.
When mercury enter in our body, they cause poisioning.
2. What are the advantages of using a mercury thermometer?
Mercury thermometer does not wet the wall of tube, easy to see because mercury is shiny.
3. When can we read designated number on mercury thermometer?
After mercury doesn’t rise and is in stabilize condition. For get accurate data, you may wait a
while to read designated number.