Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1. Introduction

Drug education is a process wherein information is delivered through different

forms of information dissemination, either written or orally communicated. There are

activities initiated by different local government organizations and institutions that are

non – government unit. Their means of educating people are based on their expertise and

knowledge to all forms of their audience such as: to children, youth and adults. Hence,

for several years of hard work lessen the growth of teenagers involving in drugs,

problems still arises. First, how people will educate those who are involved such as

youth, on the negative effects of drugs? Second, is on what are these drugs that gives

positive effects on the health of the person either legally prescribed and/or prohibited by

the law being implemented in the country. Lastly, what are the processes to get their

attention and listen to people with full knowledge on drugs?

It is with most importance that when a person is able to resist such temptation on

drugs, such behavior has a great affections to the person as a human – being. With this, it

is an advantage to the society to have a drug free community.

There are different kinds and forms of drugs and has its own effects to different

people and different usages particularly to one’s physical being.

Drugs are known to people because most of these drugs are needed by them for

medications. Drugs are substances that affects one’s body and mind. The most common
source of drugs is in the form of cigarettes and medicines. These substances have

different classification, illegal and legal drugs. Illegal drugs are drugs that are prohibited

type and used by people who are depressed and the outlet of their problems and it has

psychological effect in the body. The common illegal forms of drugs are:

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or shabu, it is the most used illegal drug in the country

followed by cannabis or marijuana, cocaine, ephedrine, and ecstasy. While on the other

hand, legal drugs are those that come with prescription from a doctor and for medication

purposes.

This research targets the Senior High School students whom the researchers

thinks that are now aware and that needs to be educated with the advantages and

disadvantages of drug education to the youth.

Teenager is the focal subject of this research and presents that they are influenced

by people in their environment and peers who are drug dependent. The possibilities that

these Senior High students are involved in drugs is because of curiosity, boredom,

rebellion, lack of proper education, and parental guidance, depression, family problems,

under the influence of alcohol, feeling of belongingness and pleasure brought about

society. According to Fisher (2004). “Sometimes you can only find Heaven by slowly

backing away from Hell”. It only means that finding solace is not within what our minds

dictates us to do or what temptation around us that wants you to take it but that is what

we have to do.

Other studies show that people who are influenced by drug users are students and

out of school youths. This is a problem that the Philippine Government is most concerned

with. In some cases, like criminal involvement due to drugs, teenagers who are
considered as “minor’ are turn – over and place under the custody of the Department of

Social and Welfare Development (DSWD) for the implementation of the rights of the

Filipino Citizens. With few advises¸ scolding and punishment they are free again to roam

around and repeat the same mistake again.

Being able to use at least a small dose of illegal drugs is barely hard enough to

control a person that’s why with other volunteers’ helping hand, accurate knowledge and

proper upbringing and education, change is possible. People have to be in sync with both

drug user and those who are almost in the urge of being one to formerly understand and

properly educate the youth, the out of school youth and the Senior High students

regarding Drug Education: Its Advantages and Disadvantages to the youth.

Thus, the researcher is motivated to study and shall conduct this study and share

knowledge where a majority of people will benefit especially Senior High Students. The

researcher shall conduct and have this study at San Jose Community College regarding

Drug Education. There are 50 volunteers of San Jose Community College – Senior High

students from Grade 11 and Grade 12. The target respondents is 50 Senior High students

comes from the three strands that offered by SJCC.

2. Statement of the Problem

This study will determine the advantages and disadvantages of drug education to

the youth. Specifically, it will also answer the following questions:

1. What are the existing Drug Education activities in San Jose Community

College in terms of?

A. Academic
 B. Extra – Curricular

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of drug education to the youth?

3. What problems are encountered while undertaking the activities?

4. What recommendation may be suggested to address the problems encountered?

Assumptions

The following assumptions are raise for this research:

1. There are existing drug education activities to the youth of SJCC.
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Drug Education activities varied.
3. Problems encountered are different.
4. Recommendations are suggested to address the problem.

3. Scope and Delimitation

This research focuses on Drug Education in San Jose Community College here in

Malilipot, Albay. The questionnaire will be answered by the respondents who are the

Senior High School students.

4. Significance of the Study

The researcher’s objective is to provide appropriate information that is beneficial

and of a great help to the following:

Department of Education (DepEd): This study will benefit the DepEd by means of

helping other government and non – government organizations raise awareness to the

youth about the advantages and disadvantages of drug education. Moreover, with their

utmost participation it will be a one step to perfection to achieve on giving a brighter

education for the youth.

School Administrator: The research study will help the school in gaining popularity

when it comes to administering a drug education subject and/or activities for the students.

Teachers: This research study will help the teachers be prepared in the probability of

pursuing a Drug Education in the Philippines. With that they will have the knowledge on

what are the advantages and disadvantages of drug education to the youth and how they

will solve the problem.

Senior High School Students: The study will help the youth to be properly equipped and

educated about the menace of drug and its effects to their physical and psychological

being. This will also serve as means of making them more keen and aware of the

possibilities that they could be tempted to take drugs as to solve a problem.

Future Researchers: This research will serve as a guide and a great help to them, which

is based on drug education in different schools in Tabaco City that will provide them the

data and information they need.

5. Setting of the Study

The setting of this study is San Jose Community College, Malilipot, Albay. San

Jose Community College was established in 1993 through the collaborative efforts of the

Barangay Council of San Jose, the Municipal Government of Malilipot, the Principal of
San Jose National High School, the late Mr. Efren Barja, and the PTA President Mr.

Ruben Rico and other stakeholders.

With an initial enrollment of 33 students, enrollment had continuously increased

due to the schools high passing percentage in the Licensure Examination for Teachers

(LET), recording a national placer in the year 2001.

6. Definition of Terms

For better understanding, the following terms are conceptually and operationally

defined.

Drugs – a medicine or other substance which has a psychological effect when ingested or

otherwise introduced in the body. A substance taken for its narcotic or stimulant effects

often illegally.

- A kind of medicine that everyone can take but does not pass their limits or in such

case overdose.

Drug Education – is the planned provision of information, resources and skills relevant

to living in a world where psychoactive substances are widely available and commonly

used for a variety of medical and non – medical purposes, some of which may lead to

harms such as overdose, injury and infectious disease.

- A way of imparting knowledge to people regarding Drugs and effects.

Advantage – something that helps make someone something better or more likely to

succeed than others.

 - Being ahead to something or someone.

Disadvantage – something that causes difficulty and/or something that makes someone

or something worse or less likely to succeed than others.

- Having the time of struggle when facing various activities and such.

Youth – the time of life when someone is young.

- A term for a person who is not yet bonded by wedding or not yet in legal age in

short teenagers.

END NOTES

Google.com

Merriam Webster Dictionary

SJCC Student Handbook

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter shows the different related literatures and studies related to this

research study regarding Drug Education. It also includes the relevant facts and

additional knowledge that shall enrich the foregoing study on drug education.

Related Literature

Foreign

Bradford Health Services “Know: Chemical Dependency, Know: Drugs and

Alcohol”, an article that depicts about drug education approach and strategies. It stated

that campaign of drug education “Just Say No” from 1980’s, there is no simple issue

regarding drugs and guiding adolescents or the teenagers of being into these drugs. Drug

education usually starts at home by talking openly and honestly with the issues about

drugs. Beginning this kind of approach to a child will prevent any kind of drug use.

Talking honestly to a child and explaining properly its negative effects will keep them

safe. Lastly, presenting the actual lives of a drug addict because by showing it they can

realize what drug education truly looks like drug Education are implemented in school

primarily in America with a partnership with Drug Abuse Resistance Education or

(DARE) headed by the police officers. Almost 75% of American District Schools and 43

countries are implementing this program. The DARE helps to develop the skills to be

able to cope up with substance abuse, peer pressure and violence.

 The Kenzeen studies there are tips in overcoming teen drug addiction and

alcoholism. First, is being informed about the consequences drug abuse and addiction can

bring. Having enough information can lead to truth about its negative effects. Second,

seek professional health, this would be a great help to inspire an individual to be free

from drug and alcohol. Seek help from doctor that can help with the issue. Lastly, it is

better to get a support from a family and support groups. There are many reasons not to

use and there are 10 significant reasons: physical health, family, career, friends, spiritual

aspects, depression, mental illness, money, school and time.

Jersey’s Health Alcohol and Drug Effects, there are different types of drugs and

their distinguish effects to the body. For example, the amphetamine, it is a kind of

synthetic stimulant that is in powder dorm. Usually white, yellowish, grey and pinkish

color. It is commonly ingested and the effect can be about half an hour. Its effects are the

feeling of wakefulness. Alertness and increased confidence, sociability, physical and

mental activity.

Benzodiazepine is prescriptive drug order under the Medicine Act. They are

usually prescribed for a short term treatment of anxiety and sleep problems. Must be

taken at only low dose to prevent tolerance and danger of dosage increase. This

prescriptive drug has a withdrawal symptom which includes anxiety, depression and

worst is the risk of seizure because of difficulty of withdrawal.

Cannabis which is commonly known as the Marijuana, grass dope, pot, puff and

weed. It is usual combined with tobacco that is commonly in the form of resin, dried and

chopped leaves and less common is in the form of oil.

 Cocaine also known as Charlie, coke and snow are commonly in the form of

crystalline powder. It is usually snorted but as of today’s trend it is the form of solution

and can also be injected. The effects of cocaine are also similar to the amphetamines and

crack. In addition, it creates physical and mental arousal, when it is snorted the effects is

immediate but also fades within 15 – 30 minutes. The most often result is the repetition

of use to maintain its desired effects.

Crack is also known as base, rocks and crystals. Similar to cocaine but the effects

is worse and extreme. Crack is usually smoked and can produce an aggressive and

paranoid behavior. Crack is very much addictive; individuals taking this can feel the great

feeling of well-being, exhilaration, increased confidence, loss of appetite, indifference to

pain and fatigue, hallucination and also paranoia. There is a rare case that this kind of

drug can cause death because of overdose. Regular use can cause nausea, restlessness,

insomnia, over-excitability and weight loss.

Ecstasy is in the form of tablets and also comes in capsules or powder with the

chemical name Methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA) can be swallowed or snorted.

The effects of taking it can be experienced after 20 – 60 minutes and can last for 3 – 6

hours. The major effect of this is in the central nervous system which increases the brain

activity.

Heroine is a part of a group of drugs called “opiates” from the “opium poppy” it

usually comes with white or brown powder. The other synthetic opiates similar to the

effects of Heroin includes: dihydrocodeine, codeinde, tramadol, ephedrine and decanal.

Heroin is usually smoked and snorted and is a very powerful pain killer. The combined
effects maker heroin an effective escapist drug. The effects of these drugs are the sense of

well-being, feeling warm, drowsiness and feeling of pleasure.

Mephedrone is also called Meow, M-CAT, Magic and plant – food, a kind of

stimulant drugs that is similar to ecstasy or speed. It is in the form of capsules and tablet

but most common is in a powder form. Users of drugs has the feeling of “coming up”,

feeling of alertness, excitement, elevated mood, increased heart rate and panic.

Naphyrone or the NRG – 1 is a stimulant drug that is very much related to

mephedrone and the effects are similar to amphetamines, cocaine and ecstasy. Naphyrone

is in the form of white crystalline powder and is snorted, swallowed and can be seen in

the wrap of papar which is used as plant food and pond cleaner.

Local

Dangerous Drug Board (DDB), a government organization in charge in the

study of drugs in the Philippines together with their staff serves as resource speakers in

the “Campaigns and Advocacies” held by several advocates of Drug Prevention and

Control.

The Campaigns and Advocacies of the Dangerous Drug Board published last

May 21, 2013. Activities such as outreach programs and advocacy programs are

constantly conducted in different key settings such as schools, communities and

workplace areas. The different organization advocating Drug Prevention and Control has

their own strategy during the campaign period and different activities hosted every year,
the similarity is that each and every one of them has the same goal. Some of the

organizations are as follows:

Barkada Kontra Droga (BKD, Peer Groups against Drugs), is a group that

campaigns against drugs, together with its board in order to ensure that the program will

consist of more in and out-of school youth, then later on be organized into a movement of

young people who are catalyst within the group in charge for continuously advocating a

healthy, drug free lifestyle and continue to educate and inform what the changes and ill

effects of drug abuse are.

National Youth Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control, a three day

live Congress headed by Anti – drug advocates and facilitators who gives the participants

activities they may enjoy and be part with, after all the National Youth Congress is

designed to provide an open and comfortable atmosphere to address the drug problem in

the respective localities of the youth participants. This three day live congress is built to

develop camaraderie and harmonious relationship among all the youth delegates.

Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) Program, based on the DARE they

offer several activities and oriented techniques to encourage students – generated

response to problem – solving situation on drug abuse. Drug Abuse Resistance Education

also has a collaborative program with the Philippine National Police or PNP.

These Government Organizations are only few of the government organizations

that are known with their advocates of a drug free country.

Pia Ranada (2016), Manila, Philippines – Crime and drugs are social ills that

needed to be stamped out”, says Rodrigo Duterte and Alan Peter Cayetano as they seek
the two highest position in the land. It is indeed true that continues growth of the crimes

and drug usage is common here in the Philippines. During the campaign of President

Rodrigo Roa Duterte his major platform is to fight against crime and drugs or simply the

war on drug campaign that is commonly known by the Filipinos.

Zelfox on his caption “Why majority Drug users in the Philippines are

Teenagers?” in his social media which was published online he quoted “Drug abuse and

addiction are major burden to society, however, staggering as these numbers are they

provide limited properties of the devastating consequences of this disease.

This article reported on local and seen in the international television and even in

social media that drug users are located in the squatter’s area in the country and it serves

as the “drug dens”. In his article, it also shows that there are some government officials

that indulge themselves in using prohibited drugs which is not reported to the authorities.

It means that there are exemptions when it comes to drugs.

Related Studies

FOREIGN

According to National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Prevention research

program which give importance and focus more on the risks of drug abuse and other

issues which includes the problem behaviors in the child development. More of their

research concludes that early intervention can prevent the risks of the behaviors of an

adolescent.

Family check-up through Positive Parenting Prevents Drug Abuse the progress

and curiosity to be involve on drug use can be lessen. NIDA spotlight the countries that
care its co – developer. Dr. David Hawkins which was discussed on TV interviews’ that

his way towards treating addiction through a certain community is highly supported by a

science – based approach. Some of the Drug Prevention specialist hosted a meeting

within the community leaders of NIDA which is to be informed by recent advances to

drug prevention science. NIDA which is also a big part of the National Institute of Health

(NIH) this event binds other federal agencies or Research Programs which main goals is

to combat substance abuse in the U.S.

According to SAMHSA in their “Prevention of Substance Abuse and Mental

Illness,” promoting the mental health towards substance abuse is very much essential to

its mission to lessen the behavioral health conditions in the community of America. In the

2014 research of the millions of population in America, 22.5 million of Americans which

is older are self – reported that needs a treatment for alcohol intake and illicit drug use

and on the other hand millions of adults are also self – reported that needs mental health

treatment like counseling in the past year. This becomes a disorder among the rising

conditions that causes disability and carries high percentage in the United States. They

predicted that by year 2020 mental disorders because of substance use will be leading

among those physical diseases which can be greatest problem worldwide. It is also

estimated that in order to address the issues about the impact of substance use alone the

costs to Americans can be more than $600 billion each year.

Preventing the mental and/or substances use disorder and related problem to

children, adolescents and young adults is burden and very much critical to Americans.

They added that the people which have a mental health issue are more likely associated in

using alcohol drugs.

 Based from the article Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR) about the

“Adolescent Drug Abuse – Awareness and Prevention” the abuse of alcohol, elicit and

prescription drugs continues to be major health problem internationally.

The United Nations office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 0.6% of the world’s

adult population can be named and classified as drug users. Drug abuse causes 2.5

million deaths per year while substance abuse causes death mobility and burden to the

society. UNODC estimates that treating drug abuse worldwide costs $200 – $250 billion

with connection to UNODC Drug Abuse Awareness. Their prevention programs are

based on their research. Providing the development and appropriate information

depending on the target age group which includes the materials to help the individuals

recognize and resist pressure which is associated with the comprehensive personal and

social skills, training to build a strong resistance and successful prevention programs

should incorporate this essential way to prevent drug abuse. Family, school and the

community can also help in shaping the right perspective towards drugs.

Local

Philippine Statistics Authority, since 2015, number of reported crimes has been

rising while the ability of the police to solve crimes has decreased according to the

Philippine Statistics Authority Report, however, the Philippine National Police explained

that one reason for this problem could be the underreporting of local police units in the

previous years and also according to the Philippine National Police Statistic, it does not

necessarily mean that there is a worsening peace and order situation.

Philippine Drug Enforcement Authority (PDEA), February 2015, their data

shows that there is around one fifth ratio of barangays in the Philippines involved to drug
related cases. Metro Manila has been entitled as the region which is widely affected by

drugs within its barangays drug related cases. Methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu

is widely used illegal drug, second is the cannabis or marijuana. Based on 2014 PDEA’s

date, 89% causes seizure cases because of shabu and 8.9 because of marijuana.

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

Based on the related literature and the related studies there is a direct relationship

between the past and present studies. This gives more significance to the information

gathered and improvisation towards the study about drug education.

In the review of the related local and foreign literature, according to Pia Ranada

(2016) drugs and crimes continue to arise and becomes an issue that everyone is

concerned of. Since the Philippine national Police handled the drug cases the crimes and

killings are also associated to it and their capability to solve crimes has weakened.

The foreign literature Health Alcohol and Drug Effects stated that there many

types of drugs with it distinguishing effects into different parts of the body. Different

drugs have different forms either through capsules, powder and can be in different colors

that distinguishes its name. Its effects can either be positive but more on negative aspects

depending on the use. The local literature focuses mainly against crimes and killings that

is interrelated to drug abuse while the foreign literature focuses on the information about

different kinds of drugs its effects to the body and its form.

On the other hand the review of the related and foreign studies which is according

to Bradford Health Services “Know: Chemical Dependency, Know: Drugs and

Alcohol” the effective way on how to prevent drug use to teens and adolescents is a

proper guidance with the partnership with Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE).

Kenzeen studies show that there are effective tips to overcome teen drug

addiction and alcoholism. Awareness, professional help and support are mainly needed

by an individual that is into drug abuse to have a healthy and a drug free living.

This foreign literature has a relationship which is preventing teens to be engage in

drug use and overcoming tips is very much essential tool that can help the teens.

According to the foreign study National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) early

intervention can reduced the risk of an adult who engage in substance or drug use and

most importantly family prevention can be of great help to lessen the overall number of

youth who uses drugs.

The SAMHSA in their “Prevention of Substance Abuse and Mental Illness.”

It is important to promote mental health to also reduce the rising of individuals who are

into drugs. Preventing the mental and /or substance use disorder and related problems to

children, adolescents and young adults is a burden and very much critical.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR) about the “Adolescent Drug

Abuse – Awareness and Prevention” elicit and prescription drugs continue to be a

major health problems internationally. There is a high percentage of adult population who

are classified as drug users and this becomes a large issue internationally and mostly the

cause of death.

Prevention of drug abuse can be early prevented by mean of the positive parenting

that hinders further curiosity towards drugs. Treating a drug addict can used different

approaches one of it is the science based approach. Promoting mental health towards
substance abuse is one of the many ways which can lessen behavioral health conditions.

Engaging into drugs is very difficult and critical issue. It can cause death and mental

illness. This issue becomes a problem also to the federal agencies because it

widespread the negative impact of drugs on many individuals. There are many strategies

to overcome substance abuse and addiction, like building a creative environment for

change and selective strategies.

Gap Bridge of the Study

Based on the related literature and studies, the researcher found out that there are

data and information that is useful to the research study.

Drug Education. Most of the related literature and studies focuses only on giving

tips and imparting knowledge and information not just for teenagers but also for

adolescents that are involved in drug use or substance abuse. Some related studies only

include the government organization that is helping the teenagers against the temptation

of drugs and some of them focuses in the negative effects of drug use or substance use.

Other studies include about specific places offering drug education subject and its

partnership with an organization based group preventing drug use for teenagers. These

are the gaps the present study wants to reconnect with.

Theoretical Framework

This research study regarding drug education is anchored in the Personal

Construct Theory developed by the American psychologist George Kelly which states
that individual’s task in understanding their personal psychology is to put in order the

facts of his or her own experience. It also said that if the result of their actions are in line

with what the knowledge predicted, then they have done a good job of finding the order

in their personal experience.

This theory is applicable to this study on Drug Education. It implies that the

resulting actions are due to the knowledge or the lack of knowledge which was only

predicted that they have done such things. Though this theory focuses more on

individualistic approach but they also offer social, interpersonal and educational aspects.

Another is the Gateway drug Theory who introduced the drug-using behavior

which is done through the use of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana. Gateway Drug Theory

emphasized that one taste of an addicting substance ill not happen once but more likely to

happen twice or more until you cannot live without it, this is the effect of an illegal

addicting drug that researches want to fight against with.

Theoretical Paradigm is shown in Figure 1, this theory is related to this study for

this study specified the use of drugs through different forms possible.

Researcher’s Theory, based on the given theories above we therefore conclude

that Drugs is indeed a very addictive and dangerous substance which arises at a critical

level yet drugs are just weapons to escape. With lack of knowledge about this substance,

one is capable to alter one’s physical and psychological being. Once it is used stopping it

its necessarily hard to control that is why we come to suggest a Drug Education to spread

knowledge to everyone to prevent the wide spread of drug intake.

Conceptual Framework
 This study consist of systems approach wherein it employ input, processes and

output.

Input consist existing drug education activities its advantages and disadvantages

and the problems encountered.

Process consists of distribution of questionnaires, gathering data, analysis and

interpretation.

Output consists of recommendation and suggestions addressing the problem.

 Figure 2: Theoretical Paradigm

DRUG EDUCATION: IT’S ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES TO THE YOUTH

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Senior High School 1. What are the 1. There are existing
Students of SJCC existing Drug drug education
Education activities in activities to the
- Grade 11
 Figure 3: Conceptual Paradigm

END NOTES

http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/facts/alcohol/en/index.html

http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasask.htm
http://www.nih.gov>nih-almanac>nati..

http://www.rappler.com/

http://politicsmeanspolitics.com

http://www.adb.gov.ph/preventive-education/campaign-and-advocacies

http://www.teenzeen.org

http://bradfordhealth.com/drug-education/

http://ph.usembassy.goc>us-engageme

http://www.drugstrategies.com/internet-drugs/review-of-research-literature/

www.gov.je/health/AlcoholDrugs/Pages/DrugsEffects.aspx

Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Report

Philippine Institute for Development Studies

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

 This chapter presents the research design, the sampling procedure, the

instruments, the validation of instruments, the data gathering procedure, and the statistical

tools that were utilized in this study.

Research Method Used

This study will use an open – ended questionnaire to gather the data needed in this

study.

Particularly, the research will focus on the Advantages and Disadvantages of

Drug Education to the youth or simply the Senior High School students of San Jose

Community College.

This study will also look into other factors such as statement of the problems.

Sources of Data

The researcher will use the response of the Senior High School respondents as the

primary sources of data. Secondary sources of data will be taken from published and

unpublished thesis, books, magazines, internet and other print materials. Likewise,

memoranda, advisories and reliable materials related to Drug Education will be looked

into.

The Respondents of the Study

 The respondents of this study all Senior High School Students both in Grade 11

and 12 of all strands.