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● Insulin
● Glucagon
● Secretes other hormones, such as amylin, somatostatin, and
pancreatic polypeptide
Physiologic Anatomy of the Pancreas
● Two major types of tissues
1) The acini,which secrete digestive juices into duodenum
2) The islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and glucagon into
blood.
● 1 to 2 million islets of Langerhans, organized around small capillaries
into which its cells secrete their hormones.
● The islets contain three major types of cells alpha, beta, delta cell
● The beta cells 60 to 75 % of all the cells of the islets, lie mainly in the
middle of each islet and secrete insulin and amylin,
● The alpha cells, 20 to 25 % of the total, secrete glucagon
● The delta cells, about 10 %, secrete somatostatin.
● One other type of cell, the PP cell, is present in small numbers in the
islets and secretes pancreatic polypeptide. F cells (<2%) produce
● pancreatic polypeptide
he islets are composed of:
• In a person with
diabetes, this test is
always abnormal
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