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Rainfall Data
Data Source
• vector data
rainfall_stations.txt
• point locations
• excel sheet
rainfall time series
Overview Lecture
Part 1: Vector Data – Short Introduction
Part 2: Vector Data – Analysis Methods
Part 3: Land Use Data Application
Part 4: Rainfall Station Application
Part 1
Vector Data
Short Introduction
Vector Data
Geospatial Objects – Feature Classes
• point
• line
• polygon
• annotation (text)
• dimensions
• multipoints
• multipatches
reference: ESRI
Vector Data
Application Example: River Var Catchment
• point -> stations
• line -> streams
• polygon -> catchments
reference: OGC
22.04.2014 Land Use / Rainfall – GIS Analysis 10
Hydrology & Hydraulics
Application in GIS
• geospatial objects are implemented using the
SFM / GFM model and ISO 19107 / ISO 19109
• standardisation of geometric attributes
• standardisation of geometric methods
• GIS software (e.g. ArcGIS, QGis, MapWindow)
implements these attributes and methods in a
“user friendly” way on the user interface (GUI)
Vector Data
Properties
• representation of point based geospatial objects
• complex geometry and explicit topology
• transformation of coordinates is easy and
reversible, no lost of information
• scaling -> same as for coordinate transformation
• sophisticated geometric operations
• sophisticated analysis methods
• topological operations, simple network analysis
• suitable amount of data, complex data structure
22.04.2014 Land Use / Rainfall – GIS Analysis 13
Hydrology & Hydraulics
Part 2
Vector Data
General
Analysis Methods
22.04.2014 Land Use / Rainfall – GIS Analysis 14
Hydrology & Hydraulics
Selection
Methods to Extract a Sub-Set of Vector Data
• manually selection (mouse -> table, map)
• selection by location
• selection by attributes
Selection
Manually
• feature table
Selection
By Location
• geometric relation
• between two layers
• contain, within,
intersect, share,
centroid, touch, …
Selection
By Attributes
• SQL-Select based
statements
Geometric GIS-Operations
Overlay Operations
• logical operations AND, OR, NOT, XOR
A AND B A NOT B
AxB A-B
A OR B A XOR B
A+B (A+B)-(AxB)
Geometric GIS-Operations
Overlay Operations in GIS
• Union A OR B
• Intersect A AND B
• Symmetrical Difference A XOR B
• Erase A NOT B
Adapted Operations in ArcGIS
• Identity
• Update
see http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html
Overlay Operations
• Union (OR)
example:
radio cells
of several radio masts
reference: ESRI
Overlay Operations
• Intersect (AND)
example:
double cover of more than one
radio cell
reference: ESRI
Overlay Operations
• Symmetrical Difference (XOR)
example:
regions covered
by exactly one radio cell
• Erase (NOT)
example:
public/private areas in a city
reference: ESRI
Overlay Operations
• Identity
example:
water protection area within
a city
(without spatial extension)
• Update
example:
new planting in a wood land
(with spatial extension)
reference: ESRI
Aggregation Operations
• Dissolve (data management)
aggregates features with the same attribute
example: communities to states
reference: geoinformation
Aggregation Operations
• Merge (data management)
aggregates/combines two feature sets towards one new set
example: catchments of two rivers
reference: ESRI
Extraction Operations
• Clip (spatial extraction/selection)
example: extract a national park area
out of a general land use model
reference: ESRI
Extraction Operations
• Split
example: city model -> split in districts
reference: ESRI
Neighbourhood-Analysis (geometric)
• Buffer
creating a zone around a spatial object
several types: e.g. circle shape, rectangle shape, …
reference: ESRI
Buffer Operation
Buffer Distance
• fixed global value
• value of an attribute
Combination / Shape
• with or without Dissolve method
• right/left/both, round/flat
Coordinate System
• geodetic (with distortion)
• Euclidian (without distortion)
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Hydrology & Hydraulics
Triangulation
Triangulated Irregular Network
• basis: set of points
• triangulation -> Voronoi, Delaunay
Part 3
Vector Data
Land Use - Catchment
Analysis
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Hydrology & Hydraulics
Landuse Data
Data Source
• raster data
landuse.asc
landuse_legend.txt
• 300 m resolution
• 44 classes
-> transformation
to polygons (vector data)
Live: files in ASCII-Editor
Part 3
Vector Data
Rainfall - Catchment
Analysis
22.04.2014 Land Use / Rainfall – GIS Analysis 45
Hydrology & Hydraulics
Rainfall Data
Data Source
• vector data
rainfall_stations.txt
• point locations
• excel sheet
rainfall time series
Rainfall Data
Rainfall Data Analysis Task:
• area contribution rainfall station - sub catchment
station / sub catchment Tinee Upper Var Esteron Vesubie Lower Var
Carros
Levens
Roquesteron
Puget
Guillaumes
St Martin
Rainfall Data
Analysis Concept:
• point information -> Thiessen polygons
• Intersection Thiessen polygons- sub catchment
• selection of Thiessen polygons - sub catchment
combination
• statistics –> sum of selected area
Rainfall Data
Thiessen Polygons:
Rainfall Data
Intersection Thiessen Polygons – Sub Catchments
AND =
Rainfall Data
Selection Station – Catchment Combination
• one cell of the table, e.g. Carros (ID 1) - Lower Var (ID 6)