SET 803: ENERGY

RESOURCES AND
UTILIZATION
Lecture one: Introduction to Energy
Resources
Mr. Ishugah Fred
Ishugah.fred@ku.ac.ke
fishugah@yahoo.co.uk
0724368489

25/09/2017 1
 Course content
• Comparative study of energy resources - characteristics, conversion
and utilization: Fossil fuels, nuclear, geothermal, hydro, solar, wind,
tidal, biomass.
• Characteristics of production and distribution: technical, economic,
and environmental.
• Renewable-energy and fossil fuel combined systems.
• Energy and environment.
• Energy planning and management.
• Energy resources storage transportation and conservation.
• Technological advances in renewable energy technology.
• Technological advances in Non-renewable energy technology.
• Evaluation of Kenya’s energy policy.
• Energy resources utilisation project.

25/09/2017 2
 Why do we need energy?
• Transportation
• Heating homes
• Cooking
• Power machinery used for agriculture,
industry/business, homes
• What else?

25/09/2017 3
 Energy Resources

• Supplementing free solar energy

– 99% of heat comes from the sun
– Without the sun, the earth would be –240 0C (-
400 0F)
• We supplement the other 1% with
primarily non-renewable energy sources

25/09/2017 4
 Energy Resources

• Renewable (16%) • Non-renewable (84%)

– Solar – Oil
– Wind – Natural gas
– Falling, flowing water – Coal
– Biomass – Nuclear power

25/09/2017 5
 Energy Sources
• Primary Energy sources-
– Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal)
– Nuclear energy
– Falling water, geothermal, solar
• Secondary Energy sources-
– Sources derived from a primary source like…
• Electricity
• Gasoline
• Alcohol fuels (gasohol)

25/09/2017 6
 Evaluating Energy Resources
• Renewable
• Future availability
• Net energy yield
• It takes energy to get energy
• Habitat degradation
• Cost (initial and ongoing)
• Community disruption
• Political or international issues
• Suitability in different locations
• Polluting (air, water, noise, visual)
25/09/2017 7
25/09/2017 8
 Each type of power project needs to be evaluated
25/09/2017
for the benefits and costs 9
 The environmental costs of hydroelectricity are much
25/09/2017 10
different than windpower, for example
 NONRENEWABLE
AND
RENEWABLE
RESOURCES

25/09/2017 11
 HMMMM....
What do you think
nonrenewable
resources are?

Break it down...

Nonrenewable?
Resource?

25/09/2017 12
 NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

A nonrenewable resource is a natural

resource that cannot be re-made or
re-grown at a scale comparable to its
consumption.
25/09/2017 13
 NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear fission uses
uranium to create
energy.
Nuclear energy is a
nonrenewable
resource because once
the uranium is used, it
is gone!
25/09/2017 14
 COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and
natural gas are
considered
nonrenewable because
they can not be
replenished in a short
period of time. These
are called fossil fuels.
25/09/2017 15
 HOW IS COAL MADE ???

25/09/2017 16
 HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???

25/09/2017 17
 WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN COAL AND OIL/GAS?

25/09/2017 18
 HMMMM....
If nonrenewable
resources are resources
that cannot be re-made
at a scale comparable
to its consumption,
what are renewable
resources?

25/09/2017 19
 RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are
natural resources that can be
replenished in a short period
of time.

● Solar ● Geothermal
● Wind ● Biomass
● Water
25/09/2017 20
 SOLAR

Energy from the

sun.
Why is energy
from the sun
renewable?

25/09/2017 21
 GEOTHERMAL
Energy from
Earth’s heat.

Why is energy
from the heat of
the Earth
renewable?
25/09/2017 22
 WIND Energy from
the wind.

Why is energy
from the wind
renewable?

25/09/2017 23
 BIOMASS
Energy from
burning organic
or living matter.
Why is energy
from biomass
renewable?

25/09/2017 24
 WATER or HYDROELECTRIC
Energy from the
flow of water.
Why is energy of
flowing water
renewable?

25/09/2017 25
 Energy Resources:
Production and Consumption

26

25/09/2017
Non-Renewable Energy Sources
• Conventional
– Petroleum
– Natural Gas
– Coal
– Nuclear
• Unconventional (examples)
– Oil Shale
– Natural gas hydrates in marine
sediment

25/09/2017 27
 Renewable Energy Sources
• Solar photovoltaics
• Solar thermal power
• Passive solar air and water heating
• Wind
• Hydropower
• Biomass
• Ocean energy
• Geothermal
• Waste to Energy
25/09/2017 28
 Projected World Peak Production
of Petroleum

25/09/2017 29
1999 Regional Shares of Crude Oil
Production (3445 Mt)

25/09/2017 30
25/09/2017 31
World Total Primary Energy Supply in
1998
(9491 Mtoe)

**Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

25/09/2017 32
 World Energy Consumption

25/09/2017 33
 World Energy Consumption

25/09/2017 34
World Total Energy Consumption
1990 -2020 (Quadrillion Btu)
Region/Country 1990 1997 2020
United States 84.0 94.2 120.9
Western Europe 59.9 64.0 78.4
Japan 18.1 21.3 25.4
China 27.0 36.7 97.3
Former Soviet Union 61.0 40.8 57.3
Total World 346.7 379.9 607.7
25/09/2017 35
 Thanks

25/09/2017 36