Lab Report 2

Electric Circuit Analysis – 1

Table of Contents
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Objective....................................................................................................................................................... 2
Theory ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
Experimental Verification of OHM’s Law ............................................................................................. 2
Readings ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Stimulated on Proteus .......................................................................................................................... 4
Graph .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Questions .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Critical Analysis............................................................................................................................................. 9

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Abstract:
Breadboard was used to draw given circuit to verify OHM’s Law. Given Voltage was applied by
DC Power Supply and at different resistances current was measured by Multimeter and OHM’s Law was
verified.

Apparatus:
 Resistors
 Digital Multi Meter
 Connecting Wires
 Breadboard
 DC Power Supply

Objective:
 To verify Ohm’s law experimentally and to find the relationship between voltage, current
and resistance in a circuit.

Theory:
Experimental Verification of OHM’s Law
OHM’s Law states that the voltage across the resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing
through it.
Mathematically,
𝒗∝𝒊
Or 𝒗 = 𝒊𝑹
where R is the resistance of current and it if the property to oppose current in circuit. OHM’s law states
if the current increases the voltage decreases provided the resistance constant. Those materials which
obeys OHM’s law are ‘ohmic’ or ‘linear’ because the value of PD varies linearly when current flows
through it while others are called non-ohmic.

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Procedure:
1. Draw the given circuit on Breadboard with resistors of 2.2kΩ, 4.6kΩ, 6.79Ω respectively one
by one and supply the voltage of 10V from DC Power Supply first and then different values
voltages.
2. Then use the multimeter as an
Ammeter to measure the dc current
through the resistor.
3. Measure the current through the
resistor from opposite direction and
verify that measured and calculated 10V
currents are approx. same.
4. Measure the current from different
values of resistors and voltage.
5. Also calculate value of current using OHM’s Law on different resistors and voltages.
6. Stimulate circuit with different values of resistors and voltages on Proteus.
7. Record all values on table.

Readings:
V R = 2.2kΩ R = 4.6K Ω R = 6.79K Ω
(volts)
Calculated

Calculated

Calculated
Simulated

Simulated

Simulated
Measured

Measured

Measured
I (mA)

I (mA)

I (mA)

I (mA)

I (mA)
I (mA)

I (mA)

I (mA)

I(mA)
0.5 0.261 0.227 0.23 0.124 0.108 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.07

1.0 0.463 0.455 0.45 0.230 0.217 0.22 0.15 0.147 0.15

1.5 0.709 0.681 0.68 0.332 0.326 0.33 0.23 0.22 0.22

2.0 0.904 0.909 0.91 0.449 0.435 0.43 0.31 0.29 0.29

2.5 1.137 1.136 1.14 0.557 0.543 0.54 0.38 0.37 0.37

3.0 1.333 1.364 1.36 0.667 0.652 0.65 0.46 0.44 0.44

3.5 1.566 1.591 1.59 0.775 0.760 0.76 0.53 0.52 0.52

4.0 1.785 1.818 1.82 0.882 0.870 0.87 0.61 0.59 0.59

4.5 1.989 2.045 2.05 0.988 0.978 0.98 0.68 0.66 0.66

5.0 2.32 2.273 2.27 1.113 1.087 1.09 0.74 0.736 0.74

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Stimulated on Proteus:
For R = 2.2kΩ

V = 1V ; I = 0.45A V = 3.5V ; I = 1.59A

V = 4V ; I = 1.82A V = 5V ; I = 2.27A

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For R = 4.6kΩ

V = 1.5V ; I = 0.33A V = 3V ; I = 0.65A

V = 4V ; I = 0.87A V = 5V ; I = 1.09A

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For R = 6.79kΩ

V = 0.5V ; I = 0.07A V = 2.5V ; I = 0.37A

V = 3V ; I = 0.44A V = 4.5V ; I = 0.66A

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Graphs:

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Answer the following Questions:

1) What would happen if a wire having no resistance at all (0 Ω) was connected directly across the
terminals of a 6 volt battery? How much current would result, according to Ohm’s Law?

6V
+
-

Answer:
a) If a wire having no resistance at all is connected to the terminals of 6 volt battery, than the
circuit is said to be short and maximum current will flow through it.
b) If there is no Resistance in a wire than according to OHM’s Law,

𝑣 = 𝑖𝑅 or 𝑖 = 𝑣/𝑅
Putting R=0 & v = 6V in above equation than, current would be,
𝑖 = 6/0
𝒊= ∞,
it means maximum current will flow through the circuit and the circuit is said to be a Short Circuit.

Critical Analysis / Conclusion:

Resistors of different resistances were taken to verify the ohm’s law. On breadboard circuit was
drawn and then analyzed by applying different voltage. The current was measured with the DMM used as
an Ammeter in milliAmpere. The Current calculated by OHM’s Law and measured by DMM were than
compared and both values are almost same. After finding current on different voltages and Resistance,
we further verified the values on Proteus too. The values of current varies negligibly.

After all the experiment, OHM’s Law was verified by making graph, Voltage on X-axis and Time on
Y-axis. The Graph was of almost linear or straight line means that the material is ohmic because it obeys
OHM’s law. As, it follows OHM’s law thus it will also obey all its laws and principles.

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