'.

, ~-""--,~,~,,
Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 002-EN
Page 1
March 1 992
Changed since August 1990
Dala subjecl lo change wilhoul nolice

ABB Network Controi

& Protection
0,0 :~.~~~. ~~~
~cC",=,,-,,"cce
Introduction This selection guide is intended to give a guide
to which relays of the ABB range can be used
for the protection of different types of objects.
For most applications products from different
mechanical design and mounting systems are
available. The main ranges are:
COMBIFLEX range based on plug-in mod-
ules for mounting in 19" racks or cages. More
comprehensive units comprise a rack and
plug-in types of circuit boards. The connec-
tions are made with COMBIFLEX connection
equipment.
.~.~~~.-
900-series includes a number of analog and
numerical draw"-Qut products, mounted in a
size 1 or size 2 case, thus also allowing it to
be exchanged with existing electromechanical
range in the same case. The external connec-
tions are with screw connections. The connec-
tion of new products are pin-compatible with
the old electromechanical product.
ABB can supply individual protection and auxil-
iary relays to enable the user to design protec-
tion panels, or system solutions with equip-
ment in panels, including system design,
mounting and panel testing.

MODURES range based on plug-in modules
for mounting in 19" racks or cages. Interna!
connections are made with wire-wrap and ex-
ternal connections with terminals pre-wired
upon delivery.
SPACOM range based on p/ug-in modufes in
3U high cases of size 100/S, 100, 300/S or
300 or in a 3U 19" rack. The external connec-
tions are made with screw connections. SPA-
range is used for products in distribution
range.
The appricatian nates for different objects are
intended to give a briefing of problems with
protectionappfication.
Further information is available in Application
Guides and other specific documents describ-
ing appticafron problems.
The setection guide for different objects gives
a summary 01 availabie products from different
ranges. The catalogue section gives refer-
ences to suitable products described under
other sections than the object section.

Busbar Application notes

protection A number of busbar protection relays are avail- -Different CT ratios, CT RADSS
able from ABB Relays. The relays are from cores used also for other INX5
the COMBIFLEX and MODURES range where relays, single and multi bus
the mounting system flexibility makes them coofigurations. Breaker failure
suitable to used eftf1er as stand~alone units or protection can be included.
as a system solution. The latter includes -Different CT ratios, CT REa 103
equipment in relay panels as weil as system cores used also for other
de~sign and testing. For the individual pr?tec- relays. Microprocessor based
tion rela~s, c~rcuit diagrams a.nd/or termmal or. logic with supervision, single and
connection diagrams are avallable. REB 100 IS multi bus configuration. Breaker
part of the PYRAMID concept. failure protection can be included.
When de~iding ~po.n a specific choi.ce ?f relay, r I
the followrng guIdelInes for the appllcatlon I I
could be used: .J Bus configuratk>n
-CT's of same ratios, 1- -
dedicated CT cores RADHA
SU9ta l h ',h ('"1 ('"1
!
-Single-zone protection RADSS
~~ ~~ ~~ ~~
Simplified version with sum-
mation transf.
REB 101

I Selection table
Symbol Description i COMBIFLEX MODURES
ABB Network Contro! Selection Guides
& Protection

IA3VO8 1o1WOA8A3eA

Transmission line Application nates

prc,tection The protection system for transmission lines is for the specific application. Unique with
dependent on several factors, such as: PYRAMID isthat the range offers many alter-
n~tivA~ with rliff"r"nt "n~t/p"rfnrmQn"" r~tin~
.Type of network earthing
.Authority requirement on The different PYRAMID relays can be
-speed of fault clearing equipped with the optional functions indicated
-sensitivity in Table 2.
-dependability
.System requirement on Based on the PYRAMID range of relays. line
,- speed of fault clearing protection terminals, according to Table 5, can
-selectivity be ordered. These line terminals are complete
-dependability line protection units with measuring relays and
-security additional functions, such as trip relays. auto-
.Existing protection in the network reclosur~ etc: In cas~ of redundant protectio~
.Specific requirements due to series- one terml~alls used In each subsystem (mal n
compensation and HVDC 1 and maln 2).
.Requirement of additional functions, such .
Th e ta bl e s h ows con fIgura t lon
, . t.Ing
o f exls
:s~ It I f PYRAMID line terminals with series communi-
au oca lon. cation and self-supervision. REL 100 -
-event and fault r~co~dlng. REL 183 are modular terminals and REL 300 -
fon
-remote commumcatlon with the protec- REL 350 are compac t termlna
' Is. REL 400 .IS a
I complete line terminal for HV and EHV sys-
tems, including controi. This terminal also has
Table 1 shows the different types of line pro-
duplicated protection. All terminals have the
tection available. The PYRAMID range of pro-
possibility of local parametration (setting and
tection, with exception for the fibre-optic differ-
reading) via built in local MMI and/or a portable
ential relay, is comprised of microprocessor
PC via ASCII PC connection. For connection
based relays with self-supervision. These re-
with SCS 100 or SCS 200 the SPA-QBI fibre-
lays have the possibility for remote communi-
optic interface is used, For terminals without
cation. This modern PYRAMID range of micro-
SPA-QBI digital information can be transferred
processor relays offers increased performance
via a SPOC to the SPA BUS and SCS 100 or
and extended range of functions compared
SCS 200.
with conventionai relays, see Table 2.

It is basically a decision for the user to deter-

The different terminals are described in more
mine what cost/performance ratio is optimal
detail in the PYRAMID document,
1 MDBOOOO4-EN.
 Table1
Symbol Description PYRAMID Conventionai
range range
3Z< Distanceprotection for solidly REZ1 LZ96a
earthed network RELZ100 RAZFE
REL 316 LZ95
MOAR RAZOA
LZ91/92
3Z< Distance protectjon for isolated networks I RELZ100 LZ95
REL 316 RAZOA
LZ91/92
DWD Directional wave protection LR91 RALZA/B
31d Phase-comparison protection MSPC
Pilot-wire protection with
-metallic pilot LCBII

-optical fibre LCB II

DL91-F
-audio tone LCBII
IN Directional earth fault protection for solidly REL 010 RN91/RE93
earthed networks

IN Earth fault protection for isolated networks RE 91/912

Additional functions
FL Fault locator RANZA
Oisturbance recorder RCRA/REOR
31> Breaker failure REB 010 I RAICC
RAICA

SX91
Autoreclosing RE~3/101

Table 2
Structureand additional functions

Relay type REZ1 RELZ REL MDAR LR91 MSPC

100 316

~~:~::~~::""nr
Microprocessor I x x x x x x
Multiprocessor x x x
Self-supervision x x x x x x
IDlagnostTCof faulty module x x x x x x
Special options:
I Fault locator(:f:1%) x
Fault indicator (:I: 5%) x x
Event recording x x x x
Fault recording x x x
Directional earth fault prot. x x x x
Inverse time earth fautt prot. x x x
Fuse failure blocking x x x x n.a. n.a.

II10->
 Performance
Relay type REZ1 RELZ REL MOAR LR91 MSPC LCB II
100 316
I~:
Typical operating time
with CVT
, < 1 cycle x x
1 < 1.5 cycle x x x x
< 2.5 cycle x
I Sensitivi:ty:
Mho x x n.a n.a. n.a.n.a.
Ouadrilateral x x x n.a n.a.
Individual resitive and
reactive setting x x x noa n.a.
Directional earth fault pro-
tection x x x x
load discrimination:
I Uniimited x x x
Power swing blocking x x x x
I Selectivit)l:
Unit protection
X1 X1 X1 X1 X X X
Zona 1 load compensated X X n.a. n.a. n.a
Separate zero sequence
compensation facto r per
zone x x x n.a. n.a n.a
i Single-phase tripping x x x x X X
POT and blocking communication scheme

Table 4

Overhead lines
Cables
Double-circuit lines
Three terminal lines
Series compensated lines
HVDC applications
I X Applicable
o Conditionai applicable
(X) Overqualified

n.a.
r1PUT,
Generator protection Application nates
The protection system necessary for a genera-
tor is dependent on many factors, such as
generator size, type of driving source, system
earthing, connection to network, country and
user's praxis, etc.
The protection system shall detect and discon-
nect the generator circuit at;
a) Internai short-circuits and earth faults
b) External faults on other circuits (as back-
up protection)
c) Abnormal service conditions which eventu-
ally will cause electrical faults.
The protection system for a generator has ex-
treme requirement on dependability i e all
faults must be cleared by the generator protec.
tion system as the possibility to achieve re-
mote back-up does not exist.
A local back-up must thus be provided with
the provided protection system. The other
components of the fault clearing chain, such
as CT and VT cores, dc supply, trip circuit de-
sign, etc. must also be given the same consid-
eration. A typical protection block diagram for
a bus connected generator is shown in Fig. 2.
Table 1 gives a recommendation of protection
to be included depending upon generator size
and type.
Same general comments on the protection
system:
a) High ohmic system earthing gives advan-
tages on damage at a fault and will also limit
transient overvoltages on healthy phases
during the fault.
b) Selectivity for earth faults, for bus con-
nected generators, is achieved with current
measurement.
c) High impedance differential protection re-
quires separate CT cores and the cores
shall have identical turn ratio.
d) Back-up short~ircuit protection must be
with underimpedance or overcurrentlunder-
voltage function for generators where the
source to excitation equipment is from gen-
erator voltage, as the current in such cages
can quickly drop below rated current.
e) Reverse power protection is not required for
Pelton type turbines. The sensitivity of re-
verse power protection is extremely high
and CT care and cabling must be checked
to achieve small angle error.
f) Breaker failure protection should be imple-
mented, if remote backup tripping times
cannot ensure system stability on a failure
to trip the generator breaker.
For same steam turbines, low forward pow-
er protection is included in the trip criteria of
the generator breaker, to avoid unnecessary
overspeed of the generator at tripping.

Table 1 .Proposed protection equipment for different types of generators with different rating
Generator size II III IV V
0-4 MVA 4-15 MVA 15-50MVA 50-200 MVA Largeturbo-
Protection alternators
Rotor ollerload x
Rotor earth fault x x
Interturn fault x 4 4 x I 4
Differen1:ial generator x x X
Differential block (transformer) X X x
Underfrequency 3 i x .1 3

Overvol1:age x x i X x
Stator e3.rth fault x X X
Loss of '9xcitation X x x X
Pole-slip (out of step) X X
Reverse power x 5 x 5 x 5
Under irnpedance x x x
Unbalarlce (12current) x 76 7 X
Overcurrent (definite time) 6 X
Stator overload x
Ove rcu rrent/U ndervoltage x 6 x 6
Dead machine I x x
Breaker fai/ure x
1 on ly necessary for steam and diesel drives
2 only necessary for thyristor excitation from generator terminals
3 only necessary for pump operation
4 only necessary when several bars of the same phase in the same slot
5 not necessary with Pelton turbines
6 overclJrrent should not be used with self supported static excitation system
, 7 when unbalanced load is expected
--
 SE~lectiontable Type of relay
-s),mbol ,IDescription REG 216 REG I COMBIFLEX
SPACOM/others
REG 216C 100-series

131d I Generator Differential

87 High impedance x RADHA SU91a
lowimpedance x DT92 SPAD 330C
131(11>
87 x DT92/RET316 I SPAD 330C
x DT93/RET316

I Se<
UIII
IStator earth fault
100% based on injection I GIX104a
59N 1000;0based on 3rd harm. I RAGEA
RXIG/RXTFA
95% UN measuring x x UT91
1800;0UN measuring RXEG SPAGseries
p<: Reverse power x x I RXPE 40 SPAGseries/REX911
32 Low forward power x x RXPE 40 SPAGserieslREX911
'nsc Negative sequence current
46 Inverse characteristic x x RARIB MC91
Definite time x x RARID MC91 IMCX913
I u,.
159 x x I RXEG UT91 SPAUseries/UKT913I
x RXEG UT91 SPAGseries/UKT911
13(1)1> I Single-phase
Overcurrent
151 x x RXIG IT94-31
Three-phase x x RXIG IT94-3 SPAGseries
Three-phase inverse time x x RXIDF IC91-3 SPAGseries
13Z< Underimpedance x x RAKZB ZSX102
21
Rotor earth fault
Ac injection x RAGRA GIX104
Dc injection RXNB4
Balance IWX161a

x RAKZB ZPX103a
x RAGPC
x x
x x RXVE MC91 IMCX913
I f>
t< I Underfrequency x x RXFE FC95
Overlrequency x x
81

x RXEG /UKT911
x x RXIG 22
x x RXIGI IT94-3IUT92
RXEG
RXZK/RXPE GZX104a
x x RAGUA
x x RATUB

The new numerical generator protection termi-
nals, REG 216 and REG 100 series, form part
of the PYRAMID range. The relays include
continuous self-supervision, for maximum reli-
ability, and possibilities for remote communica-
tionwith the relay.
The numericalrelay gives many advantages to
the user at installation, erection, commission-
ing and during service, which gives a low life-
cycle Gast and total economy.
Numerical generator protection terminals from
the PYRAMID range are: REG 100, REG 110,
REG 120 (REG 110 + REOR 100), REG 150,
REG 216 and REG 216C.
For the available protection functions in each
terminal, please refer to the respective product
catalogues.

I
 ASS Network Contral Selection Guides 1 MDBO10O2-EN
& Protectian P~e8

SUB 2 SUB l
r;::::;-
Alarm .[i]
4 ITCSf-
r{YJ
~1-0 '-fY]

~~~ TCS\-'

IUN>
~
U>
~
I
~=~_I L\
A
A

j p "":-r D
cc
)
~ rD
AlaJ:m ~
--- j~r
I>
~ Turbine
Mech.
brake
~
~ ~ (2J::t
stop

AlaJE
- ~ 3ld>

~
AlaJ"In
~
L;

UN>I
~ CI )

(1002-2)
Fig. 2 Typical protection system for a bus connected generator

'::~~gI
=Db
-l_~~
~
.-J
ABB Network Controi Selection Guides
& Protection
Transformer Application nates
protection At power transformers, protection is usually
installed to disconnect the transformer at:
a) Internai short-circuits and earth faults in the
transformer and in its connecting circuits.
b) External faults on other circuits (Back-up
protection).
c) Abnormal service conditions such as over-
load or overvoltage.
At a power transformer there mayaiso be auto-
matics installed to switch the system neutral
earthing resistor, which is closely related to the
earth fault relaying of the connected power sys-
tem. An example of typical relaying for a medium
size (10-60 MVA) transformer is shown below:
Protection devices built inta or mounted on
the power transformer.
Oil immersed power transformers usually have
a gas detector and oil surge detector (Buchholz
Alarm and Trip device), which are excellent for
detecting internai faults. Load tap-<:hanger com-
partments may have a similar overpressure de-
vice.
Temperature monitors for oil temperature plus
winding temperature provide good overload pro-
tection. Unlike thermal current relays they re-
spond also to loss of cooling.
Sets of auxiliary and flag indication relays to con-
nect to the contacts of the transformer protection
devices are available.
Transformer differential protection, 31~,
is widely used as an instantaneous protection for
short-circuit faults within the differential zone.
The most common type of protection is the cur~
rent restraint type. Each such protection relay
has a number of three-phase "restraint inputs"
with stabilization for through-fault current. Usu-
ally the number of restraining inputs is chosen to
be equal to the number of th ree-ph ase windings
of the power transformer or equal to the number
of CT sets around it. For further information see
"User's guide" or "Application guide" for trans-
former protection.
Some types of differential relays require inter-
posing CT's for CT ratio matching and/or phase
shift.
Other types of relays have ratio and transformer
group correction as setting parameter. See de-
scription of respective type of relay. Interposing
CT's can at specific cages also be used to re-
duce the length of 5 A CT circuits and thereby the
CTburden.
1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
Page 9
High impedance differential protection, 31d, can
be used on auto-transformers and reactors. It
covers one galvanically interconnected wind-
ing (winding differential), but not a separate
tertiary winding. Please observe the require-
ment of GT data and the need for a three-
phase set of GT's at the neutral side of the
winding.
Restricted earth fault protection (REF), Ido
This is a high impedance differential earth fault
protection for one winding. It is sometimes
used in low impedance earthed systems to
give an instantaneous protection, which is
more sensitive than the transformer differential
one. Typical sensitivity is 5%. There are same
particular CT requirements, e.g. equal turns
ratio of the CT's.
Earth fault protection of transformer windings
and connecting circuits. The type of system
earthing very much influences the choice of
protection. For high impedance and resonant
earth ed systems the following are available:
a) Delayed sensitive residual current relays
with release input from neutral point
(residual) voltage relays,
b) Delayed directional earth current relays
c) Transient directional earth fault relay
d) Delayed neutral point (residual) voltage re-
lavs.
One earth current relay type with 2nd harmon-
ic restraint is available, I /121,It is used in solid-
ly earth ed systems on the power supply side of
the transformer, to achieve a delayed and sen-
sitive (e.g. 100-200 A) earth fault protection,
unaffected by transformer inrush at energiza-
tian.
Back-up short-circuit and earth fautt
protection.
A variety of relays are available:
Overcurrent, 31>, Earth current,I.,b., Underim-
pedance, Z<, Directional Overcurrent, 31> ->,
Distance, Z< ->, Neutral point voltage, UN>,
relays.
For step-down transformers which feed high
impedance earth ed low voltage systems, there
are relays to detect flashover from H. V. to L. V.
side, and combined flashover and L. V. side
earth fault detection.
Other types of relays at power transformers
are: Thermal overcurrent, I>, Overvoltage, U>,
Overfluxing (overexcitation V/Hz), U>/f,
Delayed undervoltage, 3U<, and Voltage regu-
rating relay for tap changer controi, U< >
 ABB Network Contr'ol Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
Page 10
& Protection

Selection table
Symbol Function Type of relay
IECI ANSI COMBIFLEX MODURES SPACOM 900--
31&1> 87-r
DT92 SPAD 330C DTN920
DT93

1 31&>
31>. 87T Transformer differential 2-3 restraining
50.51 inputs + overcurrent and/or overload (O.L: RET 316
(3U» (59) or differential with 2 restraining inputs +
(I ~ ) (49) overvoltage + overcurrent or O.L.
31d 87

Id.Jo, 871-J I SPAE 010/011

SPAJ 115C
-
1 31> 50.51 Overcurrent, inverse time I RACID
IIC91-3 I SPAJ 140 Series IKC911/2/3
(+I?) (51 N) (+earth fault) RXIDF SPAJ 300 Series

131> 50.51 Overcurrent, definite time I RACID

RXIDF IKT941/3
1(+1*) (51 N) (+earth fault)
RXIG

I RMX913+
IKC913
I RMX913+
IKT943
IKC911

IKT941

I RMX911+
IKT943
1*-> 67N Transient directional earth fault RXPG 4

31> 50.51 I Overcurrent + SPAA 300 Series

1.-> 67N directional
earthfault
UN> 59N I Neutral point voltage RXEG UT91 I SPAU 300 Series UKT911
(Residual voltage) SPAC 534C

j 31> 50.51 I Overcurrent + SPAJ 300 Series

1/121 51 N 2nd harrnonic restraintearth fault
I. SPAU
300 Series
RXEG SPAG 534G UKT911/3
SPAU 130G

U>/f (59) lOverfluxing. V/Hz inverse time RATUB 2

(SPAM)

114 I Flash-over + L.V. earth fault RAERA

tuN> 59N Dito in combination
with static converters RAEUB

Trip relay set

u< 27' Undervoltage protection RXEG UT92 UKT911/3

1
IIT94-3
I
 ABB Network 'Controi Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
& Protection Page 11

u§ ---
~

31> )
~I~ , (

.
i
I
I

I
I

Fig. 3 Typical protection system for a transformer

.
~>--,
:00
Shurit reactor Application notes
protE~ction The types of reactors considered are the com-
mon types:
a) Three-phase, oil immersed reactors with
gapped iron core
b) Three-phase sets of air-core reactors, of-
ten Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR), be-
ing part of a Static VAr Compensator (SVC).
a) Oil immersed shunt reactors.
The purpose of the protection relaying is to
disconnect the reactor and limit damage in
cage of internai short-circuits, earth faults, in-
terturn faults and overvoltage or overioad. The
reactor forms a certain impedance for rated
frequency, and as it is shunt connected, an
overload may be caused by overvoltage or
harmonics in voltage and current. In Fig. 1 an
example of a protection arrangement is shown.
For internai faults, a gas detection and oil
surge device (Buchholz Alarm and Buchholz
Surge) and current differential protection are
provided. The Buchholz device detects the ef-
feGts of an interturn fault. Sometimes there is a
neutral reactor between the neutral of a three-
phase reactor and earth. Fault detection in this
part is difficult, because there is normally no
voltage or current in this part. It is usually fitted
with a Buchholz device.
The differential relay, 31d. can be of the same
type as that used for generator differential pro-
tection. It can be of high impedance type, or of
a sensitive current stabilized type. High imped-
ance relays require an equal CT turns ratio on
the phase and neutral sides, (6 CT's). Typical
sensitivity is about 5% of nominal reactor or
CT current. It is usually appropriate also as
earth fault protection.
The differential measurement compares the
current, phase by phase, at the phase connec-
tions and at the neutral connection. The inrush
current does not appear as differential, but
rather as a through fault current. Harmonic re-
straint of differential protection is not neces-
sary.
Overcurrent protection, 31>, is usual as a
back-up protection. A shunt reactor will get an
inrush current at energization. The maximum
value depends on the reactor design, but is
generally smaller than for a transformer. At
least in same phase it contains a dc compo-
nent and harmonic distortion.
The overcurrent relays used should have a low
influence on the dc component, i.e. a low tran-
sient overreach, and they should have a high
resetting ratio. This means that the inrush cur-
rent has less influence on a low set overcur-
rent relay. Especially for instantaneous and
definite time delayed function, it is also advan-
tageous if the relay has reduced sensitivity to
harmonics.
A two-stage overcurrent protection is suitable.
An instantaneous stage can be set above the
maximum inrush current, e.g. above two times
nominal current. An inverse or definite time-
lag step is set to avoid operation at maximum
service current and inrush current.
Earth fault protection. A suitable type of relay
depends on the system earthing and the level
of earth fault current. In effectively earth ed
systems, the differential and a back-up earth
current relay is suitable. Inrush current should
be considered. If for som e reason a sensitive
differential protection is not chosen, a re-
stricted earth fault protection can be used.
In high impedance earthed or unearthed sys-
tems the usual types of earth fault relays in-
tended for those systems can be used, e.g.
delayed earth current and neutral point voltage
(residual voltage) relays.
The shunt reactor protection relays can be
supplemented by trip relays, lock-out relays
(to prevent unwanted energization of a faulty
reactor), tri p circuit supervision, and breaker
failure relay. A shunt reactor can be connected
to the system in different ways, through a dedi-
cated CB, to the tertiary winding of transform-
er, or through a disconnector to a transmission
line. The tripping arrangement has to be ar-
ranged accordingly. At connection to a line,
tripping of the line CB, blocking of auto-reclos-
ing and transfer trip to the remote end should
be arranged. Transfer tripping can use a power
line carrier (PLC) link. It is recommended that
the shunt reactor is connected on the station
side of the PLC line trap. In this way the reac-
tor will cause minimal diversion of the PLC sig-
nal.
b) Air care reactor, e.g. Thyristor Controlled
Reactor, TCR.
The reactor is connected in delta (Triangle)
and assumed connected as a smalllocal un-
earth ed system part, connected through a
transformer to the power system.
A three-phase differential protection 31d, for
phase-to-phase short-circuits is included.
Three CT's are connected to each phase mod-
ule as shown. In this way full coverage of the
three legs is obtained.
Please nate that for high impedance relays,
the three sets of CT's shall have equal turns
ratio and suitable data. The back-up short-cir-
cuit protection may be an overcurrent protec-
tian, common for a few objects, such as TCR
and filter banks. As earth fault protection in a
local isolated system, a neutral point voltage
(residual voltage) relay can be used.
 ABB Network Controi Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
& Protection Page 13

Overvoltage, JU>, and undervoltage, U<.
relays can be included to operate at abnormal
service conditions. At low voltage the synchro.
nization of the thyristor triggering can be dis-
turbed.
Thermal overload protection,I? One form of
overload protection is obtained by the overvoI-
tage relay. It may however also be desirable to
protect against overload by harmonics too.
Temperature detection in a dry air care reactor
is difficult to arrange.
A thermal current relay can be used. The ther.
mal time constant should be chosen with re-
gard to that of the reactor. The heating effect of
the reactor may be frequency dependent (skin
effect). The reactor manufacturer should pro-
vide this information. A thermal relay with set-
table frequency dependence is advantageous.
(E.g. type RXVE 45 or the three-phase ver-
sion RXVE 43 + RXTIP 41.)
A negative sequence current protection, Insc,
will detect unsymmetry, which might be caused
by disturbed thyristor controi. It can be a sepa-
rate relay or be included in the thyristor controi
system.

I Overcurrent. definite time

(+earth fault)I

Overcurrent, inverse time I IKC911/2/3

(+earth fault)
---I --
Id (Restricted earth fault) , SPAE 010/011
SPAJ 115C
SetSOf auxmary and 11agrelays forI
reactor monitors, Buchholz, etc.
overtemperature
-> (I 94X
2 etc

59I
rUKTm
Three-phase Overvoltage, IUT~4
(27) (or Undervoltage), definite time

59
(27)
-f Single=phase Overvoltage and I s~u 130G UKf913
Undervoltage
---
\ Single-phase Overvoltage and Under
voltage, definite time or inverse time,I
neutral point voltage
--
I. Neutral point voltage 21 :uTRt I SPAU 300 Series
(Residual voltage) SPAU 110C
(OverllUxing,~) Inverse time-lag I RATUB2
U/b
-
~ Thermal overload, three-phase set (SPAM)

--
Negative sequence current RARID MCX913
(unsymmetricalload)
Less commonly used protection is put in brackets above ( j.

b
I~SF1
rRXEG
I!IUKT911
RXMS1
1UT91/UT92
, RXMH
 -

(1002-4)

Fig. 4 Typical reactor protection system

 Distribution feeder Application nates
protection The protection system for distribution feeders
is dependent on several factors, such as:
-Type of system earthing ~
-Authority requirement on e.g. sensitivity
-Cable or overhead lines r--<
-Type of load
-System arrangement
In the selection table below the application
areas for the different products are shown.
(1002-5)

r- -
Selection tableI
Function -
SPAU
140 I SPAJ 140 I SPAJ 300 I RACID I RAClF 1) I. RXPEI
RXIDF I RXPG
SPAA
120 I SPAA
300 I SPAC
300 I SPAC
5302) DPU REL I RADHL
316 ~
Serie.. Series
Series Series Series Series

~~~Uit protection
Two-phase overcurrent x x x x x x x
~~~~~se overcurrent x x x x )C x x x x
Directional current x
I Line differential x
i Distance protection x
I Earth fault protection

I Nondirectional, sensitive x x x x x x
I
I Nondirectional, high set x x x x x x x x
I Directional 0°/90° x x x x
Transient measuring x x
! Thermal overload
I protection

~~~eAutoreclosing
x x

x x
\ singl:=.:hot
I Multi-shot x x x x
~~~~:k X
I ~~n~r~1
Single busbar x x
Double busbilr x
GIS x
Measuring
Current x x x x x x x x x
Voltage x x x
Power x x x
Serial comml"nication X
)( I x x x x x x x
Remarks
1) Self powered
2) Disturbancl~ Recorder (optional)

x
 ASS Network Controi Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
& Protection Page 16

Motor protection Application nates

The protection system for motors is dependent ,I
on several factors, such as:
-Voltage level
-Motor size and type
-Cable or overhead lines
-Type of load
-System earthing
In the selection table below the functions avail-
able in different motor protection packages are (1002-6)
shown.

I Funlction SPAM SPAM SPAM SPAG SPAC I RAMDE PRO' SACO I RADH~ SPAD SPAU SPAU r RAGPC
010 050 150C 32OC 537C STAR 16A3 330C 130C 300
Series Series

--Short-circuit protection
x
Twc)-phase
'--- overcurrent
- x x x x
Throee-phase
ri5jff;erential, bia
overcurrent
sed - ~ x x x x x
x
Diffoerential,
Earth fault high
protectionimped~

--
Nondirectional, sensitive x x x x x
--
Nondirectional, coarse )( x x
Thermal overload

pro'tection
Tw()-phase
I -
-
x x x x x x
Three-phase x x x x x x x
Stalrt-up supervision ==

Sta.!1protection
-
x x x x x x
--
Starting time x x x x x
Start-up counter
-
x )( x x
Phiase unbalance
protection
-
Definite time
-
-x x
Inverse time x x x x x
se sequence
tection
rrect '

x x x x x
oss-of-load protection
--
ercurrent x x ~fJ ~ yi) ~ yi} x
rmal supervision

h PTC thermistors
h PTC sensors
-'
x x
s-of-excitation

tection
erreactance )(
tage supervision

lOvervoitage
--
x x x
-Urldervoltage x x x
~Single
ontrOIbusbar
x x
Double busbar/GIS x
Mt~asuring
CIJrrent x x x x x x
[VC>ltage ~ x x x
I PC)wer x
1-X---lx I xlx-r- j x 1x-1--j x lx-I x j1T
C:an be set out of flJnction

1--st-:;rlåfcommuiiiCafu-;;n--l
-x