F A C T O R

Unrestricted Factor Analysis

Release Version 10.8.04 x64bits

July, 2018
Rovira i Virgili University
Tarragona, SPAIN

Programming:
Urbano Lorenzo-Seva

Mathematical Specification:
Urbano Lorenzo-Seva
Pere J. Ferrando

Date: Friday, September 07, 2018

Time: 20:25:4
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DETAILS OF ANALYSIS

Participants' scores data file :

C:\Users\cvill\Desktop\MAGISTER\TRIMESTRE II\METODOLOG�A II\BaseFactor.dat
Method to handle missing values : Hot-Deck Multiple Imputation
in Exploratory Factor Analysis (Lorenzo-Seva & Van Ginkel, 2016)
Missing code value : 999
Number of participants : 1627
Number of variables : 15
Variables included in the analysis : ALL
Variables excluded in the analysis : NONE
Number of factors : 5
Number of second order factors : 0
Procedure for determining the number of dimensions : Optimal implementation of
Parallel Analysis (PA) (Timmerman, & Lorenzo-Seva, 2011)
Dispersion matrix : Polychoric Correlations
Robust analyses based on bootstrap : None
Method for factor extraction : Unweighted Least Squares
(ULS)
Rotation to achieve factor simplicity : Promax
Value of parameter k : 4.0000
Clever rotation start : Raw Varimax
Number of random starts : 10
Maximum mumber of iterations : 100
Convergence value : 0.00001000
Factor scores estimates : Estimates based on linear
model

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UNIVARIATE DESCRIPTIVES

Variable Mean Confidence Interval Variance Skewness Kurtosis

(95%) (Zero
centered)

V 1 1.776 ( 1.71 1.84) 0.921 1.249 1.181

V 2 1.620 ( 1.56 1.68) 0.780 1.549 2.222
V 3 1.989 ( 1.92 2.06) 1.130 1.064 0.631
V 4 1.691 ( 1.63 1.75) 0.877 1.368 1.456
V 5 1.537 ( 1.48 1.59) 0.783 1.850 3.247
V 6 1.699 ( 1.63 1.76) 1.078 1.519 1.623
V 7 1.437 ( 1.38 1.49) 0.690 2.194 4.842
V 8 1.219 ( 1.18 1.26) 0.393 3.341 12.039
V 9 1.302 ( 1.26 1.35) 0.506 2.861 8.948
V 10 1.784 ( 1.72 1.85) 1.038 1.306 1.128
V 11 2.109 ( 2.04 2.18) 1.160 0.893 0.267
V 12 2.797 ( 2.71 2.88) 1.773 0.294 -1.046
V 13 2.685 ( 2.61 2.76) 1.338 0.383 -0.626
V 14 1.772 ( 1.71 1.83) 0.957 1.419 1.750
V 15 2.685 ( 2.62 2.76) 1.210 0.424 -0.476

Polychoric correlation is advised when the univariate distributions of ordinal

items are
asymmetric or with excess of kurtosis. If both indices are lower than one in
absolute value,
then Pearson correlation is advised. You can read more about this subject in:

Muth�n, B., & Kaplan D. (1985). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor
analysis of non-normal Likert variables. British Journal of Mathematical and
Statistical Psychology, 38, 171-189.
Muth�n, B., & Kaplan D. (1992). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor
analysis of non-normal Likert variables: A note on the size of the model. British
Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 45, 19-30.

BAR CHARTS FOR ORDINAL VARIABLES

Variable 1

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 811 | ****************************************
2 495 | ************************
3 223 | **********
4 66 | ***
5 31 | *
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 202.8 405.5 608.3 811.0

Variable 2

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 943 | ****************************************
2 452 | *******************
3 157 | ******
4 53 | **
5 21 |
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 235.8 471.5 707.3 943.0

Variable 3
 Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 648 | ****************************************
2 560 | **********************************
3 267 | ****************
4 88 | *****
5 63 | ***
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 162.0 324.0 486.0 648.0

Variable 4

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 904 | ****************************************
2 427 | ******************
3 212 | *********
4 57 | **
5 26 | *
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 226.0 452.0 678.0 904.0

Variable 5

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 1060 | ****************************************
2 358 | *************
3 134 | *****
4 48 | *
5 26 |
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 265.0 530.0 795.0 1060.0

Variable 6

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 971 | ****************************************
2 344 | **************
3 189 | *******
4 72 | **
5 50 | **
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 242.8 485.5 728.3 971.0

Variable 7

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 1167 | ****************************************
2 290 | *********
3 108 | ***
 4 38 | *
5 23 |
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 291.8 583.5 875.3 1167.0

Variable 8

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 1401 | ****************************************
2 132 | ***
3 63 | *
4 21 |
5 9 |
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 350.3 700.5 1050.8 1401.0

Variable 9

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 1298 | ****************************************
2 221 | ******
3 65 | **
4 26 |
5 16 |
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 324.5 649.0 973.5 1298.0

Variable 10

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 848 | ****************************************
2 444 | ********************
3 211 | *********
4 81 | ***
5 42 | *
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 212.0 424.0 636.0 848.0

Variable 11

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 553 | **************************************
2 582 | ****************************************
3 318 | *********************
4 105 | *******
5 68 | ****
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 145.5 291.0 436.5 582.0

Variable 12
 Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 306 | **************************
2 459 | ****************************************
3 375 | ********************************
4 228 | *******************
5 258 | **********************
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 114.8 229.5 344.3 459.0

Variable 13

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 242 | *****************
2 552 | ****************************************
3 446 | ********************************
4 245 | *****************
5 141 | **********
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 138.0 276.0 414.0 552.0

Variable 14

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 804 | ****************************************
2 543 | ***************************
3 166 | ********
4 70 | ***
5 43 | **
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 201.0 402.0 603.0 804.0

Variable 15

Value Freq
|
0 1 |
1 198 | *************
2 599 | ****************************************
3 465 | *******************************
4 242 | ****************
5 122 | ********
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 149.8 299.5 449.3 599.0

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MULTIVARIATE DESCRIPTIVES

Analysis of the Mardia's (1970) multivariate asymmetry skewness and kurtosis.

Coefficient Statistic df
P
Skewness 43.915 11908.379 680
1.0000
SKewness corrected for small sample 43.915 11933.085 680
1.0000
Kurtosis 374.422 106.651
0.0000**

** Significant at 0.05

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STANDARIZED VARIANCE / COVARIANCE MATRIX (POLYCHORIC CORRELATION)

(Polychoric algorithm: Bayes modal estimation; Choi, Kim, Chen, & Dannels, 2011)

Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
V 1 1.000
V 2 0.570 1.000
V 3 0.467 0.536 1.000
V 4 0.398 0.424 0.405 1.000
V 5 0.392 0.398 0.462 0.554 1.000
V 6 0.390 0.432 0.408 0.525 0.553 1.000
V 7 0.427 0.343 0.359 0.410 0.423 0.414 1.000
V 8 0.419 0.365 0.350 0.457 0.460 0.437 0.817 1.000
V 9 0.381 0.306 0.319 0.357 0.335 0.364 0.611 0.632
1.000
V 10 0.345 0.374 0.447 0.258 0.371 0.359 0.260 0.280
0.296 1.000
V 11 0.134 0.162 0.276 0.095 0.209 0.202 0.112 0.157
0.140 0.526 1.000
V 12 0.164 0.246 0.298 0.192 0.265 0.265 0.125 0.133
0.160 0.438 0.532 1.000
V 13 0.219 0.223 0.225 0.224 0.219 0.233 0.230 0.213
0.132 0.206 0.147 0.289 1.000
V 14 0.246 0.292 0.248 0.283 0.350 0.335 0.257 0.263
0.190 0.237 0.214 0.309 0.556 1.000
V 15 0.213 0.243 0.202 0.209 0.189 0.236 0.152 0.153
0.119 0.207 0.097 0.201 0.443 0.359 1.000

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ADEQUACY OF THE CORRELATION MATRIX

Determinant of the matrix = 0.017336216426915

Bartlett's statistic = 6569.7 (df = 105; P = 0.000010)
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test = 0.85265 (good)

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EXPLAINED VARIANCE BASED ON EIGENVALUES

Variable Eigenvalue Proportion of Cumulative Proportion

Variance of Variance

1 5.54767 0.36984 0.36984

2 1.77471 0.11831 0.48816
3 1.36951 0.09130 0.57946
4 1.07908 0.07194 0.65140
 5 0.85667 0.05711 0.70851
6 0.65223 0.04348
7 0.53314 0.03554
8 0.51667 0.03444
9 0.46550 0.03103
10 0.44497 0.02966
11 0.43203 0.02880
12 0.42262 0.02817
13 0.39562 0.02637
14 0.33428 0.02229
15 0.17531 0.01169

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PARALLEL ANALYSIS (PA) BASED ON MINIMUM RANK FACTOR ANALYSIS

(Timmerman & Lorenzo-Seva, 2011)

Implementation details:

Correlation matrices analized: Polychoric correlation matrices

Number of random correlation matrices: 500
Method to obtain random correlation matrices: Permutation of the raw data
(Buja & Eyuboglu, 1992)

Variable Real-data Mean of random 95 percentile of random

% of variance % of variance % of variance

1 25.4653* 20.1479 26.1287

2 17.0571* 18.5503 23.8529
3 12.8331* 16.0581 19.8446
4 9.3112* 12.9685 17.0004
5 7.1694 9.7385 14.4294
6 4.1815 7.3021 12.3665
7 2.8237 5.3951 9.3176
8 1.3498 4.0115 5.4481
9 1.0426 2.9927 4.1415
10 0.5313 2.0367 2.9172

* Advised number of dimensions: 4

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GOODNESS OF FIT STATISTICS

Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.999

EIGENVALUES OF THE REDUCED CORRELATION MATRIX

Variable Eigenvalue

1 3.141280345
2 2.398221565
3 1.941934233
4 1.721714206
5 0.415341924
6 0.072706383
 7 0.069939537
8 0.034312715
9 0.023266857
10 0.013629204
11 -0.003446403
12 -0.027722597
13 -0.038325821
14 -0.058635205
15 -0.085727224

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UNROTATED LOADING MATRIX

Variable F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 Communality

V 1 0.627 0.105 0.016 -0.241 0.262 0.531

V 2 0.649 -0.015 0.022 -0.369 0.262 0.627
V 3 0.638 -0.079 0.133 -0.225 0.109 0.494
V 4 0.634 0.138 -0.062 -0.210 -0.248 0.531
V 5 0.683 0.037 0.030 -0.169 -0.341 0.614
V 6 0.665 0.028 -0.002 -0.148 -0.235 0.520
V 7 0.697 0.453 -0.009 0.314 0.071 0.795
V 8 0.726 0.458 0.028 0.324 0.010 0.842
V 9 0.583 0.309 0.098 0.195 0.071 0.489
V 10 0.572 -0.314 0.304 0.026 0.074 0.524
V 11 0.387 -0.526 0.441 0.280 -0.015 0.699
V 12 0.432 -0.476 0.161 0.134 -0.044 0.459
V 13 0.454 -0.352 -0.590 0.186 0.082 0.719
V 14 0.506 -0.273 -0.371 0.095 -0.067 0.482
V 15 0.361 -0.220 -0.330 -0.001 0.066 0.292

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FULL TARGET LOADING MATRIX

Obtained from prerotation of the loading matrix

Variable C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5

V 1 0.001 0.006 0.060 0.766 0.000

V 2 0.001 0.015 0.007 1.000 0.001
V 3 0.001 0.057 0.016 0.494 0.024
V 4 0.001 0.817 0.055 0.033 0.000
V 5 0.001 1.000 0.034 0.011 0.003
V 6 0.003 0.703 0.048 0.029 0.003
V 7 0.000 0.001 1.000 0.001 0.000
V 8 0.000 0.003 0.985 0.001 0.000
V 9 0.000 0.002 0.863 0.008 0.001
V 10 0.000 0.006 0.005 0.066 0.454
V 11 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000
V 12 0.021 0.006 0.000 0.001 0.636
V 13 1.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000
V 14 0.630 0.029 0.003 0.001 0.004
V 15 0.735 0.003 0.000 0.021 0.000

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ROTATED LOADING MATRIX

Variable F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5

V 1 0.028 -0.055 0.149 0.696 -0.076

V 2 0.038 0.011 -0.053 0.817 -0.050
V 3 -0.030 0.143 0.001 0.522 0.153
V 4 0.006 0.680 0.062 0.076 -0.129
V 5 -0.036 0.796 0.026 -0.045 0.041
V 6 0.021 0.624 0.058 0.049 0.030
V 7 0.043 -0.027 0.901 0.004 -0.035
V 8 0.001 0.064 0.911 -0.063 0.001
V 9 -0.056 -0.012 0.651 0.088 0.063
V 10 -0.040 0.010 0.041 0.257 0.564
V 11 -0.057 -0.079 0.042 -0.108 0.913
V 12 0.157 0.068 -0.075 -0.030 0.605
V 13 0.890 -0.111 0.034 -0.009 -0.007
V 14 0.593 0.176 0.009 -0.061 0.065
V 15 0.499 -0.003 -0.053 0.141 -0.022

ROTATED LOADING MATRIX

(loadings lower than absolute 0.300 omitted)

Variable F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5

V 1 0.696
V 2 0.817
V 3 0.522
V 4 0.680
V 5 0.796
V 6 0.624
V 7 0.901
V 8 0.911
V 9 0.651
V 10 0.564
V 11 0.913
V 12 0.605
V 13 0.890
V 14 0.593
V 15 0.499

EXPLAINED VARIANCE OF ROTATED FACTORS AND RELIABILITY OF PHI-INFORMATION OBLIQUE

EAP SCORES
Ferrando & Lorenzo-Seva (2016)

Factor Variance ORION Factor Determinacy Index

1 1.463 0.807 0.898

2 1.684 0.831 0.911
3 2.219 0.915 0.956
4 1.669 0.822 0.907
5 1.584 0.818 0.904

The appropriate implementation of EAP score estimation in factor model involves to

obtain
point estimates that make use of the full prior information (in particular the
inter-factor
correlation matrix), and to complement the point estimates with measures of the
reliability of
these estimates. In order to achieve it, FACTOR computes: (1) the EAP score
estimation named
'Fully-Informative Prior Oblique EAP scores'; and (2) the reliability estimates
named ORION
(acronim for 'Overall Reliability of fully-Informative prior Oblique N-EAP
scores').
See Ferrando & Lorenzo-Seva (2016) for further details.

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INDICES OF FACTOR SIMPLICITY

Bentler (1977) & Lorenzo-Seva (2003)

Bentler's simplicity index (S) = 0.99540 (Percentile 100)

Loading simplicity index (LS) = 0.70237 (Percentile 100)

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INTER-FACTORS CORRELATION MATRIX

Factor F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5

1 1.000
2 0.459 1.000
3 0.301 0.602 1.000
4 0.396 0.707 0.542 1.000
5 0.357 0.440 0.258 0.447 1.000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STRUCTURE MATRIX

Variable F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5

V 1 0.296 0.507 0.483 0.716 0.259

V 2 0.333 0.553 0.396 0.789 0.320
V 3 0.297 0.566 0.400 0.679 0.438
V 4 0.321 0.717 0.481 0.535 0.222
V 5 0.334 0.782 0.481 0.537 0.365
V 6 0.356 0.717 0.475 0.544 0.349
V 7 0.291 0.522 0.890 0.474 0.203
V 8 0.281 0.569 0.916 0.478 0.237
V 9 0.192 0.445 0.691 0.439 0.245
V 10 0.280 0.446 0.320 0.523 0.680
V 11 0.203 0.246 0.155 0.245 0.821
V 12 0.370 0.340 0.154 0.310 0.659
V 13 0.843 0.309 0.229 0.280 0.267
V 14 0.676 0.439 0.278 0.333 0.329
V 15 0.530 0.284 0.166 0.298 0.204

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DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUALS

Number of Residuals = 105

Summary Statistics for Fitted Residuals

Smallest Fitted Residual = -0.0224
Median Fitted Residual = 0.0002
Largest Fitted Residual = 0.0266
Mean Fitted Residual = -0.0000
Variance Fitted Residual = 0.0001

Root Mean Square of Residuals (RMSR) = 0.0109

Expected mean value of RMSR for an acceptable model = 0.0248 (Kelley's criterion)
(Kelley, 1935,page 146; see also Harman, 1962, page 21 of the 2nd edition)

Histogram for fitted residuals

Value Freq
|
-0.0224 5 | *********
-0.0175 8 | ***************
-0.0126 5 | *********
-0.0077 14 | **************************
-0.0028 18 | **********************************
0.0021 21 | ****************************************
0.0070 13 | ************************
0.0119 9 | *****************
0.0168 8 | ***************
0.0217 3 | *****
0.0266 1 | *
+-----------+---------+---------+-----------+
0 5.3 10.5 15.8 21.0

Summary Statistics for Standardized Residuals

Smallest Standardized Residual = -0.90

Median Standardized Residual = 0.01
Largest Standardized Residual = 1.07
Mean Standardized Residual = -0.00

Stemleaf Plot for Standardized Residuals

-0 | 99988887777775554444443333333222222221111111
0 | 00000000000000111111111222222222233333344444455566666777888
1 | 01

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DESCRIPTIVES RELATED TO MISSING DATA

Missing value code : 999

No missing data was observed in your data

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

Bentler, P.M. (1977). Factor simplicity index and transformations. Psychometrika,

59, 567-579.
Buja, A., & Eyuboglu, N. (1992). Remarks on parallel analysis. Multivariate
Behavioral Research, 27(4), 509-540.

Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva U. (2016). A note on improving EAP trait estimation
in oblique factor-analytic and item response theory models. Psicologica, 37, 235-
247.

Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva U. (2017). Assessing score determinacy, measurement

quality, and closeness to unidimensionality in exploratory item factor analysis.
Educational and Psychological Measurement, 0013164417719308

Harman, H. H. (1962). Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd Edition. University of Chicago

Press, Chicago.

Kelley, T. L. (1935). Essential Traits of Mental Life, Harvard Studies in

Education, vol. 26. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

Lambert, Z.V., Wildt, A.R., & Durand, R.M. (1991). Approximating confidence
intervals for factor loadings. Multivariate behavioral research, 26(3), 421 - 434.

Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2003). A factor simplicity index. Psychometrika, 68, 49-60.

Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Van Ginkel, J. R. (2016). Multiple Imputation of missing values
in exploratory factor analysis of multidimensional scales: estimating latent trait
scores. Anales de Psicolog�a/Annals of Psychology, 32(2), 596-608.

McDonald, R.P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.

Mardia, K. V. (1970), Measures of multivariate skewnees and kurtosis with

applications. Biometrika, 57, 519-530.

Olsson, U. (1979a). Maximum likelihood estimation of the polychoric correlation

coefficient. Psychometrika, 44, 443-460.

Olsson, U. (1979b). On the robustness of factor analysis against crude

classification of the observations. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 14, 485-500.

Mislevy, R.J., & Bock, R.D. (1990). BILOG 3 Item analysis and test scoring with
binary logistic models. Mooresville: Scientific Software.

Ten Berge, J.M.F., Snijders, T.A.B. & Zegers, F.E. (1981). Computational aspects of
the greatest lower bound to reliability and constrained minimum trace factor
analysis. Psychometrika, 46, 201-213.

Ten Berge, J.M.F., & Socan, G. (2004). The greatest lower bound to the reliability
of a test and the hypothesis of unidimensionality. Psychometrika, 69, 613-625.

Timmerman, M. E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality Assessment of Ordered

Polytomous Items with Parallel Analysis. Psychological Methods, 16, 209-220.

Woodhouse, B. & Jackson, P.H. (1977). Lower bounds to the reliability of the total
score on a test composed of nonhomogeneous items: II. A search procedure to locate
the greatest lower bound. Psychometrika, 42, 579-591.

FACTOR is based on CLAPACK.

 Anderson, E., Bai, Z., Bischof, C., Blackford, S., Demmel, J., Dongarra, J., Du
Croz, J., Greenbaum, A., Hammarling, S., McKenney, A., & Sorensen, D. (1999).
LAPACK Users' Guide. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Philadelphia,
PA

FACTOR can be refered as:

Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P.J. (2013). FACTOR 9.2 A Comprehensive Program for
Fitting Exploratory and Semiconfirmatory Factor Analysis and IRT Models. Applied
Psychological Measurement, 37(6), 497-498.
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P.J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the
exploratory factor analysis model.Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments and
Computers, 38(1), 88-91.

For furhter information and new releases go to:

psico.fcep.urv.cat/utilitats/factor

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FACTOR completed

Computing time : 6.45 minutes.

Matrices generated : 68345160

Our last advice: Distrust 5% of statistics, and 95% of statisticians. (Cal

desconfiar un 5% de l'estad�stica, i un 95% de l'estad�stic.)