Library & Information Science (e PG Pathshala)

Paper No: 09 Social Science Information System

Module 10: Information Sources in Social Sciences (Encyclopedias, Yearbooks, Almanacs,
Handbooks, etc)

Description of Module

Subject Name Library and Information Science

Paper Name 9 Social Science Information System

Module Name/Title 10 Encyclopedias, Yearbooks, Almanacs, Handbooks, etc

Module Id LIS/SSIS-E/10

Pre-requisites

Objectives To familiarize the students/readers with Yearbooks, Encyclopedias

and Handbooks in the area of Social Sciences
Keywords Annuals, Yearbooks,
area of Social Encyclopedias, Handbooks, Dictionaries,
Sciences.
Directories. Guide to Literature etc.

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 1
 INTRODUCTION

• Yearbooks, Encyclopedias and Handbooks are important source of social science

information.
• They and are brought out by prestigious learned and scholarly societies as well as by
commercial publishers.
• These sources provide complete background of a subject and also current state of research.

Some of the important sources are described below.

3. ANNUALS and YEARBOOKS

A yearbook, also known as an annual, is a type of a publication brought out annually to record,
highlight, and commemorate the past year's development. The term here basically refers to a
book of thoughts, ideas, knowledge, statistics or facts. A year book is an important source of
information in a particular area. In such publications, the entries are generally alphabetical
so that user may read the desired portion easily. In some yearbook’s entries are also recorded
in chronological order.

Some important yearbooks in the area of social sciences are as under:

The Annual Register: A record of World Events (Bethesda, Midland: Keesing's Worldwide) is
a very old annual published since 1758. The first editor was Edmond Burke. It will remain an
authoritative chronicle of events from every country of the world. Apart from country specific
coverage of significant events, it also provides global perspective on religion, the sciences, law,
the arts and sports. In addition, international organizations, obituaries of important people and
key documents are included.

Whitakers' Almanack (London: The stationery Office) was initially published in the year 1868
by Joseph Whitaker. The annual publication provides detailed converge of the United
Kingdom on different topics like parliament, religion, education, social welfare, transport,
the environment, etc. However, data on rest of the countries of the world are brief. The
annual also provides a brief A-Z compendium of facts (and maps) about the countries of the world
and a profile of world events from the past year. The Almanack also includes a bibliography
of annual reference books.

Europa World Year Book 2011-London: Routledge, 2011 2v. Contents: Vol 1 Pt.1
(International Organisations), Pt.2. (Afghanistan-Jordan), V.2 (Kazakhstan-Zimbabwe)

First published in 1926, the Europa World Year Book is renowned as one of the world's
leading reference works, covering political and economic information in more than 250
countries and territories, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe.

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 2
 i. India 2012: A Reference Annual. 56th ed. /Compiled and edited by Research Reference and
Training Division-New Delhi: Publication Division, 2012.

Bibliographic information
India: A Reference Annual, 1954 - Press, Films and Broadcasting

Title India 2018 : A Reference Annual

Author New Media Wing
Publisher Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, 2018
ISBN 812302763X, 9788123027630
Export Citation BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

India 2012 is an updated and comprehensive edition of the Reference Annual edited, published
and marketed by the Publications Division. The Research, Reference and Training Division
(RR&TD) of the Ministry collects the base material for the Year Books. The material is collected
from Central Ministries/Departments, State governments and Union Territories, PSUs and
autonomous bodies.
India 2018 - A Reference Annual is a comprehensive digest of country's progress in different
fields. The book deal with all aspects of development-from rural to urban, industry to
infrastructure, science and technology, art and culture, economy, health, defence, education and
mass communication. The sections on general knowledge, current affairs, sports and important
events, are a must read for comprehensive understanding of these fields. With its authenticity of
facts and data, the book is a treasure for students, researchers and academicians.
The reference annual gives a panoramic view of country's progress in the fields of rural and urban
development, industry & infrastructure, science & technology, art & culture, economy, health,
defense, education & mass communication. It incorporates sections on general knowledge, current
affairs, sports, events of the past year and latest ones too.
It has been chronicling India's march to prosperity and strength over this period. The main features
covered in this edition of the year book, are Census 2011 which is the 15th Census of India since
1872, village electrification, MNREGA, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission,
National Rural Health Mission, empowerment of women etc. It is a useful handbook for students,
civil services aspirants, research scholars, academicians, authors, journalists and above all the
general public.

ii. Statesman Yearbook, 2013: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World 2013/edited
by Barry Turner-Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012
Now in its 149th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice
for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic,
social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is also available online for subscribing institutions:
(www.statesmansyearbook.com),
(http://us.macmillan.com/thestatesmansyearbook2013/BarryTurner)

iii. World of Learning 2013- 63rd ed. -London: Europa, 2012.2v.

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 3
 A comprehensive guide to 33,000 academic institutions and 250,000 staff and officials across the
whole spectrum of higher education, research and learning. No other source provides such
comprehensive international coverage.

Now in its 63rd edition, The Europa World of Learning is one of the world's leading reference
works. Updated to the highest editorial standards, entries are sourced directly from the
organizations to ensure accurate and reliable information. The accreditation status of every
university and college is verified before its entry is approved.
Every type of academic institution is covered, including over:

7,800 universities and colleges

5,800 research institutes
3,400 museums and art galleries
5,000 learned societies
3,600 libraries and archives
850 regulatory and representative bodies

Separate chapters for countries from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe each feature an introductory
survey of the country's higher education system. A separate section covers international
organizations concerned with higher education and scholarship.

New essays feature each year on themes around international and comparative higher education.
Subscribers may download these online at www.worldoflearning.com alongside an archive of
essays from past editions. (http://www.worldoflearning.com)

iv. Yearbook of International Organisations: Guide to Global Civil Society Network,

edited by Union of International Associations-

Unchallenged in this field of reference since 1910, the Yearbook of International

Organizations provides the most extensive coverage of non-profit international organizations
available today. Directly reflecting a dynamic international arena, it contains entries on 65969
civil society organizations in 300 countries and territories, in every field of human endeavour.

The Yearbook profiles international non-governmental (INGOs) and inter-governmental

organizations (IGOs). There are all types of organization, from formal structures to informal
networks, from professional bodies to recreational clubs - regardless of ideology. However, it does
not include for-profit enterprises. The compilation of the Yearbook by the Union of International
Associations has received the full approval and support of the Economic and Social Council of
the United Nations (ECOSOC).
All work for the Yearbook is part of UIA's ongoing research into international organizations and
civil society.

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 4
 4. ENCYCLOPEDIAS

An encyclopaedia is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as the "circle of learning" and less
poetically as "a literary work containing extensive information on all branches of knowledge
encyclopaedia is a source which is used by most of us to get authoritative used to our everyday
questions. Even today it has a dominating presence in every library as well as in many homes.
Print encyclopaedia are still issued although sales of this format Britannica have decided to
discontinue its print version. Most of the encyclopaedias follow the basic layout i.e. with
alphabetically arranged entries supplemented by an index. The articles or entries are normally
written by experts.

They are sometimes followed by a bibliography major encyclopaedia have all gone digital and
they are now available over the web. In addition to important traditional general encyclopaedias
i.e. Britannica, Americana, World Book, Compton etc. certain other subject based titles have also
been published.

These are also fully digital encyclopaedias e.g. Microsoft's Encarta and recently launched
Wikipedia. One can say that digital versions of encyclopaedias have a number of advantages.
They are searchable by keyword.

They also provide link to related topics of interest. Also, they can be kept updated with latest
information and multimedia files are normally available with them to illustrate concepts.

Whether in print or in electronic version the encyclopaedia remains a valuable starting point for
research on a number of topics. It is a source where one can gain a basic understanding of the
subject and also learn where to look for more information.

4.1. Types of Encyclopedias

There are different types of encyclopedias that can be used when searching for information
depending upon the subject matter, accessibility, and the amount of information that they provide.
Users may use any of these or all when researching a particular topic.

4.1.1. General Encyclopedia

A general encyclopedia provides information on a wide range of subjects. The write upside brief
and do not include in-depth information on the subject. A general encyclopedia contains
information that is factual and written by a variety of experts. These are valuable research tool
when looking for background information on a subject or when trying to locate a specific fact,
date, or concept. Encyclopedia Britannica is one of the best known general encyclopedia.

4.1.2. Subject Encyclopedia

Subject encyclopedias contain information on a particular subject of study by subject experts. The
information is scholarly and detailed serving as complete note. The entries are in-depth and

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 5
 provide much more information than found in a general encyclopedia and are supported by
references. Subject encyclopedias are important reference tool for individuals that need an
overview of information on specialized topics and are backed up by references and bibliographies.
Subject encyclopedias are available on broad range of subjects like psychology, education,
medicine, technology and others.

4.1.3. Online Encyclopedia

With the emergence of commercially available online databases a vast majority of encyclopedias
are now available online. There are several online reference sites that provide access to full articles
from both general and subject encyclopedias. Some of the most popular general encyclopedias
including Columbia, World Book, and Britannica can be accessed online. Several commercial
database vendors like credo reference provide access to several important encyclopedias.

Also, community or user-contributed encyclopedias are coming up online. These are largely free
and allow anyone from around the globe to contribute and edit information on different topics and
subjects. However, in some cases information is not authenticated and users need to keep in mind
that the information found on these sites is not very much reliable and accordingly should not be
used for research purposes. Wikipedia is one of the best examples of such encyclopedia.

Wikipedia is an on-line encyclopedia set up by Jimmy Wales in 2001 as a free web- based
encyclopedia that is collaboratively written and open to editing by anyone with an Internet
connection. It is a favourite source of general information for many web-surfers; providing up-to-
date information on a tremendous range of topics. Wikipedia is available in 10 major languages;
it is extensively hyperlinked, easily searchable and browsable and articles from the website can be
retrieved through major search engines such as Google or Yahoo. One can say that Wikipedia
does provide a useful starting point for information on some topics with no costs.

4.2 Some Important Encyclopedias

The Encyclopedia Britannica published by Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.is one of the most
important and widely regarded general knowledge English-language encyclopedia. It is written
and continuously updated by about 100 full-time editors and more than 4,000 contributors,
including 110 Nobel Prize winners and five American presidents. It is regarded as one of the most
scholarly encyclopedias of English language.

The Britannica is the oldest English-language encyclopedia still being produced. It was first
published between 1768 and 1771 in Scotland as three volumes. The 15th edition has a three-part
structure: a 10-volume Macropodia of short articles (generally fewer than 750 words), a 19-
volume Macropædia of long articles (two to 310 pages) and a single Propædia volume to give a
hierarchical outline of knowledge and two volume indices.
The Micropaedia is meant for quick fact-checking and as a guide to the Macropaedia; readers are
advised to study the Propaedia outline to understand a subject's context and to find more detailed
articles. In March 2012 on account of decreasing sales, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. stopped

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 6
 its printing and is now bringing out online version only, Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Its final
print edition was in 2010, a 32-volume set.

The Encyclopedia Americana

It was first published in 1829-33, with subsequent editions in 1911 (20 volumes) and 1918-20 (30
volumes), and continuously revised thereafter, Americana is international in scope and detailed
coverage of American and Canadian geography and history. It is also strong in biography and
scientific and technical subjects. All major articles are signed, many by scholars preeminent in
their fields.

Because of its volume-by-volume revision, some parts of the set are less current than others. The
last complete revision and total resetting occurred in 1918-20 becoming the basis for its
successors. Encyclopedia is accompanied by an alphabetical index (volume 30) which is kept up
to date with each printing, however, and serves as an instructional as well as an updating device.

Other organizational features include tables of contents for lengthy articles and boxes that
highlight specific data. It includes numerous glossaries; separate articles evaluating particularly
important literary, artistic, and musical compositions; and separate articles summarizing world,
and particularly Western, history and culture for each century.

4.3 Social Science Encyclopedias

During the 20th Century two major social science encyclopedias have been published. They are
i) Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 15 V., Edited by RA Seligman and Alvin Johnson
(London and New York, Macmillan, 1930-35). And
ii) International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 17 V. Edited by David L Sills (New
York, the Macmillan Co & the Free Press; London, Collier Macmillan, 1968). The
second one also published a supplementary biographical volume published in 1979 and
also a dictionary of quotations in 1991. Both these encyclopedias present insightful
overviews of the state of knowledge of their respective generations. However, due to
new developments in the field of social sciences, their value has now become historical.
The editor David Sills has written in his introduction: "Because an encyclopedia
reflects a generations contribution to and perspectives on knowledge, it must be
revised, updated or supplemented if it is to maintain its intellectual credibility.

The Social Science Encyclopeida -2nd Ed, edited by Adam Kuper and Jessica Kuper (London
and New York, Routledge, 1946) is a revised version of the first edition published in 1985. The
new edition has considered the rapidly changing and fluid state of contemporary social science.
The single volume encyclopedia contains around 600 concise entries (which also include contains
references and suggestions for further reading) written by an international panel of contributors.
The volume covers all the major disciplines of the social sciences and also deals with the new
trends such as development of environmental economics, cultural geography and psychological

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 7
 anthropology. The volume also contains certain amount of debates and controversies in the entries
that make the social sciences stimulating.

The Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential 4th ed, 3V Edited by the Union
of International Associations (Munich, K.G Saur Verlag, 1944-45). The contents of the three
volumes are i) World Problems ii) Human Potential - Transformations and values iii) Actions,
Strategies and Solutions. The publishers have also made the volumes available in a single CD-
ROM format which enhances the speed which the 3000+pages of text can be searched. This
encyclopedia endeavours to focus on world’s problems. It is a resource that could be value to a
broad spectrum of social scientists.

Encyclopedia of Social History 10V. Edited by Pter N. Stearns (New York, Garland, 1994) is of
interest to all social scientists. The alphabetically arranged entries provide brief overviews of
certain important topics like the family, industrialization, multi culturalism and nationalism. See
also references are also given in addition to a name/subject index.

The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10V. Edited by Edward Craig (London, Routledge,
1998) is international, multi-cultural and inter-disciplinary in scope. It will be of assistance to
social scientists seeking information on the philosophies of Western and non-western culture.

In the beginning of the 21st Century, a new encyclopedia has been published i.e. International
Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ed. By Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. batter,
(Elsevier, 2001). The purpose of this project was to see that there is 'quality control' of knowledge
in the field and also to document new areas of social sciences new modes of publication such as
the Internet with its tremendous increase in the quantity of publicly available information justifies
the need for better control of quality of knowledge produced. The primary strategy for achieving
good quality in an encyclopedia is a peer-based selection of experts as authors and a peer-review
system for submission. The following reasons were cited as the basis of the new intellectual
endeavour.
• Remarkable growth and specialization of knowledge since the 1960s.
• Rapid development in the inter-disciplinary subjects.
• Expansion of interest in policy and application.
• Internationalization of research as a result of globalization.
• Impact of computer and information revolution on theory and practice.
• Growing relation between i) the social and behavioural science; and ii) biological or life
sciences for the purpose of study and research.

According to the established practice, the encyclopedia listed its entries in alphabetical order. A
large number of biographical entries have been included on the basis of significant contributions
made by the persons in their respective subject fields. In total, there are 26 volumes. The list of
articles and list of subject experts/social scientists whose biography have been included are given
in volume. 1. Alphabetical entries to topics/subjects related to social sciences are in volume 2 to
23. Other details such as list of contributors, names index, classified list of entries and subject
index have been provided in volume 25 and volume 26. The contents include 4000 signed articles,

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 8
 90,000 bibliographic references and 150 biographical entries making it the largest social science
reference work ever published.

For additional information on the scope, quality and range of encyclopedias available on all the
fields, one can consult Subject Encyclopedias: user Guide, Review Citations and Keyword Index,
compiled by Allan N. Mirwis (Phoenix, A2; the oryx Press, 1999) This provides quality rating for
each encyclopedia.

There are several other social science encyclopedias which provide information to library users.
Some of these are briefly described as under:

i). Collier's Encyclopedia with Bibliography and Index. Ed. By William D. Halsey and
Bernard
ii). Encyclopedia of World Cultures Ed. By Terence E. Hays. Boston, G.K. Hall, 1991. 10 v
iii). Encyclopaedia of Bioethics. 3rd ed. Ed. By Stephen G. Port. New York, Macmillan
Reference, 2004
iv). International Encyclopedia of Business Management. 2nd ed. Ed. By Malcolm Warner.
London.
v). Thomson Learning 2002.8v.
vi). International Encyclopedia of Economics Ed. By Frank N. Magil. London, Fitzroy
Dearborn, 1997, 2v.

There are several 'guide to literature’ and handbooks which provide information about various
reference sources on social sciences. The world Social Science Report, 1999 (Paris, UNESCO,
Publishing/David Makinson is one of the series of reports pensive review of the role of the social
sciences on a global scale.

Other important publications which contains bibliographic and other details about various types
of reference sources in the field include i) Guide to the Social Sciences. Edited by Jonathan Michie.
(London Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001) ii) Walford’s Guide to Reference Material. Volume 2 Social
and Historical Sciences, Philosophy and Religion 8th ed. Edited by Alan Day and Michal Walsh
(London, Library Association, 2000) iii) Social Sciences Reference Sources: A practical Guide.
3rd ed. Edited by Tzu-Chung Li (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000) iv) The Social Sciences: A
cross Disciplinary Guide to Selected sources edited by Nancy L Herron (Engle wood co: Libraria
Unlimited 1989). Iv) Sources of Information in the Social Sciences: A Guide to the Literature by
William H Webb and other (Chicago IL, American Library Association 1986).

In addition to above, the following Biographical Dictionaries, Dictionaries, Directories and

Geographical References also serve as important social science reference sources for libraries by
providing up-to-date information.

1. The International Who is Who 2001. 64th ed. London, Europa, 2001.
2. Who is Who: Fourteenth LokSabha. New Delhi, LokSabha Secretariat, 2005.

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 9
 3. India's Who is Who. 28th ed. 2004. New Delhi, INFA, 2004.
4. Chambers World Gazetteer: An A-Z of Geographical Information. 5th ed. Ed. By David
Munro. Cambridge, Chambers, 1988.
5. The Encyclopaedic District Gazetteers of India. Ed. By S.C. Bhatt, New Delhi, Gyan,
1997.
6. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. London, Oxford University Press, 1968.
7. A Comprehensive English-Hindi Dictionary of Governmental Educational Words and
Phrases by Rahu Vira and Lokesh Chandra. New Delhi, International Academy of Indian
Culture, 1976.
8. Annotated Index to Indian Social Science Journals, 2005+
9. Bibliographic Databank 2002+
10. Conference Alert 2005+
11. Directory of Social Science Research and Training Institute in India, 2005.
12. ICSSR Research Project Reports
13. ICCSR: INSPEL (Indian Social Science Periodical Literature) up to 1970.
14. ICCSR: Bibliography on India in 2000. A.D. (with abstracts) New Delhi, 1991.
15. ICCSR: Index to Indian Economic Journals.
16. ICCSR: Indian Education Index 1947-1978. New Delhi, 1980.
17. Directory of Social Science Libraries and Information Centers in India. New Delhi, 2001.
18. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: A Bibliography. New Delhi, 1974.
19. Union Catalouge of CD-ROM Databases in Social Sciences. New Delhi, 2001.

Importance of Yearbooks, Encyclopedias and Handbooks

Yearbooks, Encyclopedia and Handbooks are important source of social science information and
are brought by prestigious learned and scholarly societies as well as by commercial publishers.
These sources provide complete background of a subject and also current state of research. A
yearbook, also known as an annual, is a type of a publication brought out annually to record,
highlight, and commemorate the past year's development.

Encyclopedia is basically publication usually containing exhaustive and complete information on

a particular subject or branch of knowledge. Encyclopedia is used as a reference source and
consulted by library users for a specific piece of information which is contributed by an expert.
Encyclopedias are usually multi-volume publications and information contained relates to
historical overview, theoretical formulation or some concepts.

Handbooks are basically ready reference sources and contain brief information or serving as a
chronicle of new developments which have taken place in a particular subject in the preceding

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 10
 year. According to Wikipedia "Handbooks may deal with any topic, and are generally
compendiums of information in a particular field or about a particular technique.

Need for Yearbooks, Encyclopedia and Handbooks

The purpose of yearbook is to provide up-to-date information on a particular subject during that
preceding year. It is basically add-on information to the existing body of knowledge and aims to
catch up with current and emerging research outcome and trends. "Indeed, the purpose of an
encyclopedia is to collect knowledge disseminated around the globe; to set forth its general system
to the men with whom we live, and transmit it to those who will come after us, so that the work of
preceding centuries will not become useless to the centuries to come; and so that our offspring,
becoming better instructed, will at the same time become more virtuous and happy, and that we
should not die without having rendered a service to the human race in the future years to come.

Issues for Consideration for Yearbooks, Encyclopedia and Handbooks

It should be up-to-date information on a particular subject during that preceding year. It is basically
add-on information to the existing body of knowledge and aims to catch up with current and
emerging research outcome and trends. Information is, detailed, self-contained and equips the
reader with complete background of the subject.

Formulation of Yearbooks, Encyclopedia and Handbooks

The order of information in a yearbook is generally alphabetical so that user may read the desired
portion easily. In some yearbooks, entries are also recorded in chronological order. It's written for
researchers inside and outside academia; perfect for advanced high school and college students as
well as teachers, lay readers and professionals. Also available in eBook format, providing full
search capabilities 24/7 access; no special readers of hardware required., CHUNK TEXT

Role of Handbooks and Yearbooks

It is brought by prestigious learned and scholarly societies as well as by commercial publishers.

It provides complete background of a subject and also current state of research.
It is issued as a reference source and consulted by library users for a specific piece of information
which is contributed by an expert. Subject encyclopedias such as Encyclopedia of Social and
Behavioral Sciences is an important source of information. The entries in this reference work are
written by scholars of repute.

Need for Yearbooks, Encyclopedia and Handbooks

• To provide up-to-date information on a particular subject during that preceding year.

• It is basically add-on information to the existing body of knowledge and aims to catch up
with current and emerging research outcome and trends.

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 11
 • To collect knowledge disseminated around the globe.
• To set forth its general system to the men with whom we live, and transmit it to those who
will come after us.

Issues for Consideration for Yearbooks, Encyclopedia and Handbooks

• It should be up-to-date information on a particular subject during that preceding year.

• Self-contained and equips the reader with complete background of the subject.

Formulation of Yearbooks, Encyclopedia and Handbooks

Order of information in a yearbook is generally alphabetical so that user may read the desired
portion easily.
It is also recorded in chronological order.
It's also available in eBook format, providing full search capabilities 24/7 access; no special
readers of hardware required.

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handbook

http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80551

http://us.macmillan.com/thestatesmansyearbook2013/BarryTurner

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/186656/The-Encyclopedia-Americana

http://www.definitions.net/definition/abstracting+and+indexing+as+topic

http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_indexing

http://www.europaworld.com/pub/

http://www.gale.cengage.com

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 12
 http://www.uia.be/yearbook

http://www.worldoflearning.com

www.statesmansyearbook.com

Unit 10- Information Sources- MLIS-10 Encyclopaedia, Yearbooks, etc. | Dr. Santosh Gupta 13