Power Generation

Power plants convert the energy stored in the fuel (mainly coal, oil, natural gas,
enriched uranium) or renewable energies (water, wind, solar) into electric
energy.

Transmission Systems
Power from generation plants is carried first through transmission systems,
which consist of transmission lines that carry electric power at various
voltage levels. A transmission system corresponds to a networked, meshed
topology infrastructure, connecting generation and substations together into a
grid that usually is defined at 100 kV or more.

Distribution Systems
Distribution segment is widely recognized as the most challenging part of the
smart grid due to its ubiquity. Voltage levels of 132 (110 in some places) or 66
kV are usual HV levels that can be found in (European) distribution networks.
Voltages below that (e.g., 30, 20, 10 kV) are commonly found in MV distribution
networks.

Ring topology
This is a fault-tolerant topology to overcome the weakness of radial
topology when there is a disconnection of one element of the MV line that
interrupts electricity service (outage) in the rest of the connected substations. A
ring topology is an improved evolution of the radial topology, connecting
substations to other MV lines to create redundancy.

Networked topology
Networked topology consists of primary and secondary substations
connected through multiple MV lines to provide a variety of distribution
alternatives. Thus, the reconfiguration options to overcome faults are multiple,
and in the event of failure, alternative solutions may be found to reroute
electricity.
High End Power Converters
LeanEco’s power converters are based on well-known, but state-of-the-art switch mode
topologies. We use a multi-level, transformerless switchmode toplogy in order to obtain
compact size and high efficiency.

Static Switches
The by-pass switches are used to clear fuses at the loads or to cope with permanent
overload.