Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

ECET 209 – Lecture 19

Introduction to Microcontrollers
What is Pulse Width Modulation?

Pulse Width Modulation

D
F

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 Where is PWM Used?

• Motor Controllers
– Speed
• Light Dimmers
– Brightness
• Switching Power Supplies
– Output Voltage
• Audio Amplifiers
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 Methods to Produce PWM

• The Microcontroller is capable of producing

PWM is several ways
– Sequential Flow
– Timer Interrupts
– Auto PWM Generation

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 Sequential Flow
#include <delay.h>
void main (void)
{
DDRA = 0xFF;
while(1)
{
PORTA.0 = 1;
delay_ms(5);
PORTA.0 = 1;
delay_ms(5);
}
}
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 Automatic PWM

• The Microcontroller has special hardware

that will automatically create a PWM output
(no software required)

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 Output Compare Register
Pulse Width Modulation with Timer0
255
OCR0

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 Output Compare Register
Pulse Width Modulation with Timer0
255
OCR0

0
D
F

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 Automatic PWM

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 Output Compare Register
TCNT0 OCR0

Waveform Generator

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 Automatic PWM

• Several Different Modes of PWM

– Clear Timer on Compare Match
– Toggle on Compare Match
– Fast PWM
– Phase Correct PWM

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 Clear Timer on Compare Match

Clear Timer on Compare Match

255
OCR0

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 Clear Timer and Toggle on
Compare Match
Clear Timer on Compare Match with Toggle
255
OCR0

OC0

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 Fast PWM
Fast PWM
255
OCR0

OC0

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 Phase Correct PWM
Pulse Width Modulation with Timer0
255

OCR0

OC0

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 Fast PWM
Fast PWM
255
OCR0

OC0

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 Timer Counter Control Register

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 Timer Counter Control Register

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 Timer Counter Control Register

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