Loops and Time Delays

ECET 209 – Lecture 8

Introduction to Microcontrollers
 Example

• Flash the LEDs on PORTC 10 times at a

rate of 2Hz

– Flash LEDs => Turn on then off

– 2 Hz => freq = 1/time => time = 1/freq
– Do it 10 times

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 Flowchart
set count to zero

increment count

No
Count = 10? Turn LEDs On

Yes
Delay 250 mSec

Turn LEDs Off

Delay 250 mSec

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 Flowchart
count = 0; set count to zero
count++;
increment count
}
while (count < 10)
No
Count = 10? Turn LEDs On PORTC = 0x00;
{
Yes
Delay 250 mSec ???

Turn LEDs Off

PORTC = 0xFF;

Delay 250 mSec

???
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 Delays

• To use the “Standard” delay functions

– Include the delay.h header file

– Simply specify the length of the delay

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#include <delay.h>

delay_ms( 1 ); // wait 1 mSec

This is an unsigned int value

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 Flowchart
count = 0; set count to zero
count++;
increment count
}
while (count < 10)
No
Count = 10? Turn LEDs On PORTC = 0x00;
{
Yes
Delay 250 mSec delay_ms(250);

Turn LEDs Off

PORTC = 0xFF;

Delay 250 mSec

delay_ms(250);
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count = 0;
while (count < 10) // flash 10 times
{
PORTC = 0x00; // leds on
delay_ms(250); // delay – 2 Hz
PORTC = 0xFF; // leds off
delay_ms(250);
count++;
}

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 Flowchart
count = 0; set count to zero
count++;
increment count
}
while (count < 10)
No
Count = 10? Turn LEDs On PORTC = 0x00;
{
Yes
Delay 250 mSec delay_ms(250);

Turn LEDs Off

PORTC = 0xFF;

Delay 250 mSec

delay_ms(250);
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 Flowchart
set count to zero for (count = 0; count < 10; count++)

increment count
}
No
Count = 10? Turn LEDs On PORTC = 0x00;
{
Yes
Delay 250 mSec delay_ms(250);

Turn LEDs Off

PORTC = 0xFF;

Delay 250 mSec

delay_ms(250);
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for (count = 0; count < 10; count++) // flash 10 times
{
PORTC = 0x00; // leds on
delay_ms(250); // delay – 2 Hz
PORTC = 0xFF; // leds off
delay_ms(250);
}

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 Problem

• Wait for any Push Button on PORTA to be

pressed…

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 Waiting for a Pushbutton

Read the value on

the port

Is a No
pushbutton
pressed?

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 Flowchart to Code

while
Logic
No
High on
PORTA?

Yes

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 Waiting
while (PINA == 0)

Logic {
No
High on
PORTA?

Yes

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 The Code
while (PINA == 0);

while (PINA == 0)
{
};

while (PINA == 0)
{
}
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 The Code
while (PINA == 0);

while (PINA == 0)
{
};

while (PINA == 0)
{
}
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 While Loops

• Use them to “Wait” for things

• Used to repeat things while a certain

condition is True or becomes false

• Only perform the associated block of code

in the event that the condition is True
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 Another Example

• Create a program that will count the time

(in mSec) that a pushbutton is pressed.

– Wait for a pushbutton to be pressed

– Count the press
– Delay for a millisecond
– Repeat until the button is released

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 Wait for Button
to be Pressed

Clear Counter

Delay

Increment Counter

Wait
for button to be
released

Display the
Results

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while( PINA == 0)
{
} No
button
pressed?

Yes

counter = 0; set count to zero

delay 1mSec

counter++; increment count

button No
released?

Yes
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while( PINA == 0)
{
} No
button
pressed?

Yes

counter = 0; set count to zero

do
delay 1mSec

counter++; increment count

button No
while( PINA != 0) released?

Yes
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while( PINA == 0)
{
} No
button
pressed?

Yes
counter = 0;
set count to zero

do

delay_ms( 1 ); delay 1mSec

counter++; increment count

button No
released?
while ( PINA != 0 );
Yes
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while( PINA == 0)
{
} No
button
pressed?

Yes
counter = 0;
set count to zero

do
{
delay_ms( 1 ); delay 1mSec

counter++; increment count

}
button No
released?
while ( PINA != 0 );
Yes
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Got Everything??
while( PINA == 0)
{
} No
button
pressed?

Yes
counter = 0;
set count to zero

do
{
delay_ms( 1 ); delay 1mSec

counter++; increment count

}
button No
released?
while ( PINA != 0 );
Yes
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Got Everything??
while( PINA == 0)
{
} button No
pressed?

Yes
counter = 0;
set count to zero

do
{
delay 1mSec
delay_ms( 1 );

counter++; increment count

}
button No
released?
while ( PINA != 0 );
Yes
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 while( 1 )

while( PINA == 0) {
{
} No
button
pressed?

Yes
counter = 0;
set count to zero

do
{
delay_ms( 1 ); delay 1mSec

counter++; increment count

}
button No
released?
while ( PINA != 0 );
Yes
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}
#include <delay.h>
while(1)
{
while ( PINA == 0) // wait for a PB
{
}
counter = 0; // clear the counter
do
{
delay_ms (1); // delay
counter++;
}
while ( PINA != 0 ); // wait for release
PORTC = ~counter; // display the results
}
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