J. Env. Bio-Sci., 2014: Vol.

28 (2): 253-256
(253) ISSN 0973-6913 (Print), ISSN 0976-3384 (On Line)

TEMPORAL CHANGE ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WATER BODIES IN SOUTHERN PART

OF HARYANA USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY
Anup Kumar* and R.S.Hooda
Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC)
Department of Science and Technology, Haryana
CCS HAU Campus, Hisar-125004, Haryana
email: anup0106@yahoo.com*

Received: 25-09-2014 Accepted: 21-10-2014

Surface water bodies have number of significances like rain water harvesting sites, groundwater recharging, micro-
climate controller, ecological balance and socio-economic upliftment. The modern living standards and developmental activities
have made surface water bodies in negligence. In the present study, temporal change in surface water bodies had been studied
in southern part of Haryana using satellite data and geographical information system (GIS). Survey of India toposheets (SOI) on
1:50,000 scale and IRS P6 LISS-III satellite data for the year 2010 had been used in the study. The surface water bodies present on
the SOI toposheets and on satellite data had been mapped in GIS. The temporal change analysis in number and area of surface
water bodies had been carried out. The study shows that both number and area of surface water bodies had decreased during the
years 1966-1977 to 2010. There were 3025 surface water bodies during 1966-1977 which became 3017 during 2010 i.e. 8 surface
water bodies extinct. The total area of surface water bodies was 6145.65 ha during 1966-1977 had decreased to 4952.13 ha during
2010 i.e. 1193.52 ha area decreased. The decreased in number and area of surface water bodies indicate extinction, drying and
encroachment of surface water bodies. The study is highly useful in implementing the government schemes like MANREGA,
rainwater harvesting, ecological balance and other village level socio-economic upliftment programmes.

From ancient times, surface water bodies have been used for sand, alluvium and rocks of Delhi Super group.
rain water harvesting, domestic and other anthropogenic
MATERIALS AND METHODS
activities. The modern developmental activities and living
Survey of India Toposheets for the year 1967-1977 on 1:50,000
standards have made surface water bodies under negligence,
scale; IRS P6 LISS-III satellite data for the year 2010 and
dumping site of waste water and solid wastes.There is need
Garmin 72 GPS used in the study. Surface water bodies had
to maintain surface water bodies because these are the natural
been mapped from Survey of India Toposheets (SOI) on
sites of rain water harvesting and other multifarious uses for
1:50,000 scale as well as on IRS P6 LISS-III satellite data for
societal uplifment. The rainwater stored in these surface water
the year 2010 (Fig.2 and Fig.3) in ArcGIS 9.3 software. Field
bodies recharge the groundwater, protect the habitation from
visits had been done at selected locations for ground truth of
floods, maintain micro-climate, ecological balance besides
mapped surface water bodies with the help of Garmin 72 GPS.
generating employment and fulfilling local needs of water for
Field information had been incorporated and generated the
animals and livestock. Many workers have done good work on
final database in GIS. The data analysed for temporal changes
studying surface water bodies using satellite data1-6.
in surface water bodies.
The study has been carried out in southern part of Haryana
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
comprising Mahendergarh, Rewari, Gurgaon, Mewat, Faridabad
and Palwal districts. The geo-coordinate of the study area are a) Scenario of surface water bodies (1966-1977): During
27039'08"N to 28032'28"N latitudes and 75053'49"E to 77032'48" the year 1966-1977, there were 3025 surface water bodies
E longitudes. The total study area is 8707.86 sq. km (Fig.1).The having 6145.65 ha area. The ephemeral surface water bodies
climate of the area is semi-arid type. Geomorphologically, the were 2328 having 1636.31 ha area. The perennial surface water
area has alluvial plain, aeolian plain, sand dunes, gullies, bodies were 632 having 746.77 ha area. The ephemeral
palaeochannels and hills. Geologically, the area has blown wetlands were 37 having 636.69 ha area. The perennial wetlands
 Temporal Change Analysis of Surface Water Bodies in Southern (254)

Table-1. Status of surface water bodies during 1966-1977 (Survey of India Toposheets)

Table-2. Status of surface water bodies during 2010 (IRS P6 LISS III 2010)

Table-3. Temporal change analysis of surface water bodies (1966-1977 to 2010)

(255) Anup Kumar and R.S.Hooda

Fig.2.IRS-P6-LISS III Satellite Data (changed to grayscale)

Fig.1.Location map of study area (May-June, 2010)

Fig.3.IRS-P6-LISS III Satellite Data changed to grayscale) Fig.4.Number of surface water bodies during 1966-1977
(October-November, 2010) (Survey of India Toposheets)

Fig.5.Area of surface water bodies during 1966-1977 Fig.6.Number of surface water bodies during 2010 (IRS P6
(Survey of India Toposheets) LISS III 2010)
 Temporal Change Analysis of Surface Water Bodies in Southern (256)

Fig.8.Temporal change in number of surface water bodies

Fig.7.Area of surface water bodies during 2010 (IRS P6
during 1966-1977 to 2010
LISS III 2010)

during 1966-1977 to 600.18 ha during 2010.The area of

ephemeral wetlands increased from 636.99 ha during 1966-
1977 to 3055.6 ha during 2010.The area of perennial wetlands
decreased from 312.88 ha during 1966-1977 to 51.71 ha
during 2010. Overall, total 1193.52 ha area and 8 surface water
bodies decreased during 1966-1977 to 2010 (Table-3, Fig.8
and Fig.9).
The temporal change analysis shows that there were 3025
surface water bodies during 1966-1977 which decreased to
3017 i.e. 8 water bodies had become extinct as well as the
area of surface water bodies decreased from 6145.65 ha to
4952.13ha during 1966-1977 to 2010. The study is highly
useful for planning, management and development of surface
Fig.9.Temporal change in area of surface water bodies
water bodies in the area..
during 1966-1977 to 2010
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
were 28 having 3125.88 ha area (Table-1, Fig.4 and Fig.5).
The authors thankfully acknowledge the Department of Science
b) Scenario of surface water bodies (2010): During the and Technology, Govt. of India, New Delhi for sponsoring the
year 2010, there were 2116 ephemeral surface water bodies project DST/TDD/2K9/34.
which covered 1244.68 ha area while 837 perennial surface
water bodies covered 600.18 ha area. There were 61
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