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VS.3
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
MAWP of 1.02 barg up to and including 2.06 barg P1 = MAWP + 0.206 + 1.01
MAWP of 1.05 kg/cm2g up to and including 2.11 kg/cm2g P1 = MAWP + 0.211 + 1.03
NOTE: Fire Sizing Situations do not apply to the 820000 Series valve.
MAWP of 1.02 barg up to and including 1.72 barg P1 = MAWP + 0.275 + 1.01
MAWP of 1.05 kg/cm2g up to and including 1.75 kg/cm2 g P1 = MAWP + 0.281 + 1.03
VS.4
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
Correction Factors
Kb at Total Variable
Back Pressures
1.0
0.9
21% Over
Correction Factor Kb
Pressure
10% Over
0.8 Pressure
0.7
Example:
Set Pressure - 75 psig 16% Over
0.6 Total Variable Back Pressure - 0 to 40 psig Pressure
Back Pressure Percentage 40 = 53.3%
75
Follow dashed example line from 53.3%
Back Pressure to the 10% Over Pressure line
0.5 and find that flow will be 72% of rated capacity
at 10% over pressure. Correction K b = 0.72
0.4
0 10 20 30 40 45 50 60 70 80 90
Pb
Total Back Pressure Percentage = x 100
P
VS.8
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
Correction Factors
0.8
Correction Factor Kb
0.7
0.6
0.5
Example:
0.4
Set Pressure - 100 psig
Flowing Pressure at 10% OverPressure = 100 + 10 = 110 psig or 124.7 psia
0.3
Total Back Pressure (Constant + Built up)
0.2 Back Pressure Percentage 89.7 = 71.9%
124.7
Follow dotted line from back pressure percentage scale to
0.1 correction factor Kb scale and find that Kb equals 0.93
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
P2
Back Pressure Percentage = x 100
P1
0.9
0.8
Correction Factor K w
0.7
Example:
0.6
0.5
Example:
0.4
Set Pressure - 100 psig
Variable Back Pressure - 0 to 50 psig
0.3
Back Pressure Percentage 50 = 50%
100
0.2 Follow dotted example line from 50% Back Pressure
to the Capacity Curve and find that flow will be 65.8%
0.1 of rated capacity. Correction Factor Kw = 0.658
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Pb
Back Pressure Percentage = x 100
P
VS.9
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
Fluid Properties
VS.12
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
VS.13
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
VS.14
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
VS.15
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
(Ac)
Inlet Set
Actual (ASME)
Size Model Pressure
Orifice
(in) Number Range
Area
(psig)
(in 2)
1/2, 3/4, 1 19096L .096 5 - 290
1/2, 3/4, 1 19110L .110 5 - 290
3/4, 1 19126L .126 5 - 290
1 19226L .226 5 - 290
1-1/2 19357L .357 5 - 290
2 19567L .567 5 - 290
1/2, 3/4, 1 19096M .096 291 - 2000
3/4, 1 19126M .126 291 - 2000
1 19226M .226 291 - 2000
1-1/2 19357M .357 291 - 1500
2 19567M .567 291 - 1500
3/4 19096H .096 2001 - 5000
3/4 19126H .126 2001 - 8000
1 19226H .226 2001 - 6400
VS.16
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
16 114.0 15 - 300
18 143.1 15 - 300
20 176.7 15 - 300
22 201.0 15 - 300
VS.17
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
20
Calculations:
18
1. Consult Saturated Water Capacity Curve (Fig. 5) for capacity of one 16
square inch of orifice area at given set pressure.
14
Capacity of one square inch = 84,000 lb/hr (at 600 psig set pressure) 12
2. Divide required capacity by the capacity of one square inch to get the 10
required orifice area: 8
6
4
2
0
3. Therefore, in this case, an “L” orifice valve is required that has a 0 200 600 1000 1400 1800 2200 2600 3000
relieving orifice (ASME) area of 3.317 square inches. Set Pressure (psig)
VS.20
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
Sizing Formula for In the event that an open fire occurs around equipment or vessels, heat
Thermal Expansion of Trapped Liquids* will naturally be absorbed by anything coming in contact with the flames
and/or hot gases of the fire. If this heat absorption in a vessel continues
Flow rates for relieving devices protecting heat exchangers, condensers for a long enough time, the vessel contents will be heated and the
and coolers against thermal expansion of trapped liquids can be pressure will rise until the safety relief valve opens.
approximated by use of the following:
Therefore it is necessary, when determining the safety relief valve size,
to consider the probability of fire exposure.
A. FireSizing For Liquid Hydrocarbons
H = Total heat transfer rate, in BTU/hr. This should be taken as the Bare vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
maximum exchanger duty during operation. Insulated vessel b (These arbitrary insulation conductance values are shown as
examples and are in British Thermal Units per hour per square foot per degree
G = Specific gravity referred to water = 1.00 at 60˚. Compressibility of
Fahrenheit):
liquid is usually ignored.
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3
C = Specific heat in BTU/lb/˚F of the trapped fluid. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15
*Extracted from API RP 520 Part 1 - Design
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.075
0.67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05
0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0376
API Fire Sizing 0.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03
0.33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.026
The hazard of fire in operating plants that handle or process flammable
liquids or gases must be a consideration in the sizing of safety relief valves. Water application facilities, on bare vessel c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
Any pressure vessel, or other pressure containing equipment protected by Depressurizing and emptying facilities d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
pressure relief valves under normal operating conditions, should be fire a These are suggested values for the conditions assumed in A.2. When these conditions do not exist,
sized in the event that the equipment may be exposed to fire (although engineering judgment should be exercised either in selecting a higher factor or in providing means of
contents of the vessel are not flammable.) protecting vessels from fire exposure as suggested in API RP 520, Part 1 - Sizing and Selection, D.8.
A fire may occur due to leakage of flammable material from equipment b Insulation shall resist dislodgement by fire-hose streams. For the examples, a temperature difference
and pipe lines, or may be caused by operational mishaps. If accidentally of 1600°F was used. These conductance values are based on insulation having thermal conductivity
ignited, this burning material will immediately endanger adjacent vessels of 4 BTU/hr-ft2 -˚F per inch at 1600°F and correspond to various thicknesses of insulation between
1 and 12 inches.
and equipment. Burning material can become an open, free burning fire c No reduction is given due to the inherent variables present, e.g. freezing weather, high winds
quickly and carried some distance from the source of the leak by the slope clogged systems, etc.
of the ground in the case of liquids and by air currents with gas or vapor. d No reduction is given due to the inherent variables present, e.g. inaccessibility of manual controls,
timing of depressurization, direction of automated controls, etc.
VS.21
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
VS.22
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
B. Fire Sizing For Vessels Containing Gases T = vessel wall temperature, in degrees Rankine.
1) The following information is necessary prior to fire sizing a T1 = gas temperature, absolute, in degrees Rankine, at the
vessel containing a vapor or gas. upstream pressure, determined from the following relationship:
Tank Size: Dimensions describing shape
Mounting: Horizontal or vertical; height above ground
Fluid: Composition by names of specific heats
Where:
Operating pressure: P° (psia)
Set pressure, P (psig) P = normal operating gas pressure, in pounds per square inch
Operating temperature: T° (˚F + 460) absolute.
Relieving temperature: If not known calculate as shown below: T = normal operating gas temperature, in degrees Rankine.
P = Set pressure, psig
The recommended maximum vessel wall temperature for the usual
P1 = Flowing pressure, psia = (P x 1.21) + 14.7
carbon steel plate materials is 1100°F. Where vessels are
P° = Normal Operating pressure, psia fabricated form alloy materials, the value for T should be changed
T° = Normal operating temperature absolute (˚R) to a more appropriate recommended maximum.
T1 = Relieving temperature = T1 - 460
NOTE: Use caution when T1 exceeds 1100°F for carbon steel. API Fire Sizing Example
(for vessels containing gases)
a) Information required
Tank size: 5' dia. x 12' long seam-to-seam, flat ends.
2) Determine orifice area requirement.
Mounting: Horizontal and 2" above grade
The required orifice area for a safety relief valve on a gas- Fluid: ISOBUTANE VAPOR
containing vessel exposed to an open fire can be determined by k: for isobutane = 1.094
the following formula.
C: 327
Operating pressure: 110 psig
Set pressure: 150 psig
Operating temperature: 160°F
Relieving temperature: Not known
F' can be determined from the following relationship. The T: 1025°F
recommended minimum value of F' is 0.01; when the minimum
value is unknown, F' = 0.045 should be used. b) Solution
Calculate flowing pressure:
P1 = 150 x 1.21 + 14.7 = 196.2 psia
P° = 110 + 14.7 = 124.7 psia
T˚= 160 + 460 = 620° R absolute
Calculate flowing temperature:
Where:
A = effective discharge area of the valve, in square inches.
A1 = exposed surface area of the vessel, in square feet.
P1 = upstream relieving pressure, in pounds per square inch
absolute. This is the set pressure plus the allowable overpressure
Fahrenheit flowing temperature or gas temperature at P1:
plus the atmospheric pressure.
C = coefficient determined by the ratio of the specific heat of the gas
at standard conditions. This can be obtained from Tables 4 and 5.
VS.23
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
F ' = 0.012
VS.24
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
1.0
0.8
Wetted Perimeter Factor Fwp
0.6
0.4
0.2
VS.25
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
To properly size for a mixed flow application per API guidelines, the
following steps are required:
1. Determine the quantity of gas flow required.
2. Determine the quantity of liquid flow required.
3. Use the applicable flow equations for each media to determine the
orifice area required to flow each media.
4. The orifice area of valve selected must equal or exceed the sum of
the flow area required for the gas and the flow area required for the
liquid. B. Solve for orifice area required for water capacity.
5. The proper selection would be an H orifice, which has an orifice Q = 35 gpm
area of 0.785 sq. in. G = 1
6. Due to the calculated orifice area required in the example, additional P = 100
calculations should be considered utilizing the 820000 or 19000 Series Pb = 0
formulas. This may allow a less expensive valve selection. Kd = .62
Kv = 1
Kw = 1
Example:
NOTE: Formula used in ASME - Liquid Trim
Given:
Set Pressure: 100 psig
Overpressure: 10%
Specific Gravity: 1 for Water
Rel. Temp: 68°F
Required Capacity: Air - 800 SCFM
Water - 35 GPM
Back Pressure: 0 psig
VS.26
Consolidated Safety Relief Valves Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)
Valve Sizing
The use of Organic Fluid Systems falls under special rules for sizing and
valve selection. Organic fluids are known under a variety of trade names
as noted below:
VS.27
Valve Sizing (SRV-1/Q2.02)