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CHLORIDE
HANDBOOK
OXYCHEM
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
11/2014
Dallas-based Occidental Chemical Corporation is a leading North American
manufacturer of basic chemicals, vinyls and performance chemicals directly and
through various affiliates (collectively, OxyChem). OxyChem is also North America's
largest producer of sodium chlorite.
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MANUFACTURING
Methyl chloride or chloromethane (CH3Cl) is a A smaller amount of chloromethane is produced by
colorless gas that is shipped as a liquid under heating a mixture of methane and chlorine to over
pressure. Large amounts of chloromethane are 400 °C. However, this method also results in more
produced naturally in the oceans by the action of highly chlorinated compounds such as methylene
sunlight on biomass and chlorine in sea foam. chloride and chloroform and is usually only used
However, all chloromethane that is used in industry is when these other products are also desired.
produced synthetically.
Further reaction of chloromethane with chlorine can
Most chloromethane is prepared by reacting methanol produce dichloromethane (methylene chloride),
with hydrogen chloride, according to the chemical trichloromethane (chloroform) and
equation tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride).
CH3OH + HCl → CH3Cl + H2O
OxyChem’s method reacts hydrogen chloride gas
through boiling methanol with a zinc chloride catalyst;
another method for reaction is passing combined
methanol and hydrogen chloride vapors over an
alumina catalyst at 350 °C.
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METHYL CHLORIDE USES tubes and inner liners for tires as well as caulks,
sealants, and pharmaceuticals. Organomodified
clays are used primarily in drilling mud in the oil and
Technical Grade is the only grade of methyl chloride
gas industry to impart lubricity and viscosity to the
available from OxyChem. Fifty-six percent of the
system.
methyl chloride produced in the U.S. is consumed in
the manufacture of silicone fluids, elastomers, and
resins. The largest volume goes into silicone fluids,
which are used in a wide range of products including
processing aids such as antifoaming agents,
release agents, and light-duty lubricants.
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SAFETY AND FIRST AID
Hazards
Methyl chloride is a highly flammable and hazardous
chemical and should be handled with extreme care.
Personnel should be properly trained in the handling
of methyl chloride and should always wear the
proper protective equipment when working around
methyl chloride. All users should read the Material
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before handling methyl
chloride.
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Respiratory Protection
OSHA requires that employees using respirators
should be properly fitted and trained in their use.
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emergency situations. New personnel should
receive this training before working in areas where
methyl chloride is used.
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These summaries also do not address any similar magnesium alloys also must be avoided in
state or local regulations, some of which may equipment or piping for methyl chloride service.
impose additional or different obligations from those
imposed by federal regulations. All users are Gasket materials in methyl chloride service should
responsible for a complete review of the applicable be Gylon 3504 or Durlon 9000. Other gasket
regulations pertaining to their own operation. materials may be acceptable, but chemical
compatibility must be verified prior to use.
HANDLING AND STORAGE All piping and equipment for methyl chloride should
be designed as a closed and contained system so
Storage & Piping the chemical (both liquid and vapor) is controlled at
all times. Storage vessels must have both liquid and
Methyl chloride should be stored in steel pressure vapor piping with block valves located as close to the
tanks built and tested to applicable ASME code. In tank nozzles as possible.
cold climates, storage tanks should be rated for
vacuum service. Additional local code In piping or equipment where liquid methyl chloride
requirements must be incorporated in the may be trapped between closed valves, expansion
construction of the storage tanks. chambers should be installed.
Carbon steel containers and piping are suitable for After residual methyl chloride vapors have been
handling dry methyl chloride. Cast or ductile iron cleared, security blinds that provide isolation during
and brass or copper-bearing alloys should not maintenance work must be installed in all
be used in methyl chloride service. Aluminum connections vessels or piping to be opened. If piping
and aluminum alloys must not be used in or equipment contains materials other than methyl
methyl chloride storage or handling systems chloride, clearing procedures for those materials
since trimethyl aluminum is formed when should be carried out after the methyl chloride has
methyl chloride contacts aluminum. Zinc and been removed. Extra precautions may be necessary
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where methyl chloride has been absorbed into purged with dry nitrogen to remove moisture and
sludge, catalysts or other materials that may be oxygen. The oxygen end point for returning
present in the equipment or piping. equipment to methyl chloride service should be less
that one percent by volume.
Steaming is not recommended for clearing residual
methyl chloride. While steaming effectively Shipping
removes methyl chloride, some internal corrosion
could occur. If steam is required to clear materials
Shipping Containers - Methyl chloride is classified
other than methyl chloride, the methyl chloride
by DOT as a flammable gas (UN 1063). OxyChem
should be purged first. Before the equipment or
ships methyl chloride in rail tank cars and dedicated
piping is put back into service, it must be completely
tank trailers.
dried.
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working pressure. Methyl chloride trailers are also an unloading device, the tankcar must be attended
equipped with two 250 psig pressure relief valves, by the unloader. If it is necessary to discontinue
a liquid excess flow valve that shuts off at a flow of unloading a tankcar for any reason, all valves must
298 gallons/minute and a vapor excess flow valve be tightly closed and unloading connections
that shuts off at a flow of 179 gallons/minute. disconnected. This is intended to assure that the
flow of methyl chloride from the tankcar is carefully
The tank trailers are also equipped with two controlled and the tankcar can quickly be shut off
emergency trip levers, one located at the front of should problems in unloading develop. Letters of
the trailer and the other at the rear, which can be clarification from DOT indicate that ―attending‖ the
pulled to close the liquid outlet valve and the vapor unloading includes having an employee physically
inlet valve. present at the unloading site, electronic monitoring
with remote shut-off equipment, television camera
Tank Cars - OxyChem tank cars are built and monitoring or by any means where the tankcar is
insulated to DOT specification 105J300W or monitored and the flow of methyl chloride can be
112J340W. Tank cars are available in 25,000, and stopped if unloading difficulties develop.
26,000 gallon capacities.
UNLOADING PROCEDURES
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Some of the physical properties of methyl chloride are listed. Liquid density and vapor pressure curves are
included in Figures 10 and 11, respectively.
300
9
250
8 200
150
7 100
50
6 0
-50 0 50 100 150 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature, °F Temperature, °F
Figure 10: Methyl Chloride Liquid Density Figure 11: Methyl Chloride Saturated Vapor
Pressure
Sensitivity to Static Discharge: Electrostatic charges may build up during handling and may form ignitable
vapor-air mixtures in storage containers. Ground equipment in accordance with industry standards and best
practices such as NFPA 77 [Recommended Practices on Static Electricity (2007)] and American Petroleum
Institute (API) RP Recommended Practice 2003 [Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning, and
Stray Currents (2008)].
Lower Flammability Level (air): 8.1 %
Upper Flammability Level (air): 17.4 %
Flash point: -49.9 F (-45.5 C) (OC)
Autoignition Temperature: 1170 F (632.2 C)
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Figure 12: Unloading and Transfer by Compressor Facility Process & Instrument Drawing
Railcar or Tank
Trailer
Figure 13: Unloading and Transfer by Pump Facility Process & Instrument Drawing
Railcar or Tank
Trailer
FURTHER INFORMATION Important: The information presented herein, while
More detailed information on methyl chloride or any not guaranteed, was prepared by technical personnel
of its specific applications is available on request and is true and accurate to the best of our knowledge.
through the OxyChem Technical Service NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF
Department. FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR
Technical Service Department WARRANTY OR GUARANTY OF ANY OTHER KIND,
OxyChem EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE REGARDING
PO Box 12283 PERFORMANCE, SAFETY, SUITABILITY, STABILITY
Wichita, KS 67277-2283 OR OTHERWISE. This information is not intended to
be all-inclusive as to the manner and conditions of
800-733-1165 Ext. 1
use, handling, storage, disposal and other factors that
www.OxyChem.com
may involve other or additional legal, environmental,
safety or performance considerations, and OxyChem
assumes no liability whatsoever for the use of or
reliance upon this information. While our technical
personnel will be happy to respond to questions, safe
handling and use of the product remains the
responsibility of the customer. No suggestions for
use are intended as, and nothing herein shall be
construed as, a recommendation to infringe any
existing patents or to violate any Federal, State, local
or foreign laws.