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Constitution of Apatzingán
The Constitution of Apatzingán (formally: Decreto Constitucional
Constitutional Decree for
para la Libertad de la América Mexicana" or "Constitutional Decree for
the Liberty of Mexican
the Liberty of Mexican America in translation), was promulgated on
America
October 22, 1814, by the Congress of Anahuac gathered in the city of
Apatzingán because of the persecution of the troops of Félix María Calleja.
The Constitution was valid for insurgent forces in the territories where it
gained control during the Mexican War of Independence.
Contents
Background
Content
See also
References
Background
After the death of the Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary leader,
Original front of the Apatzingán
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, on June 28, 1813, José María Morelos from
Constitution
Acapulco made a call to create a Congress in September in the city of
Chilpancingo (now in the state of Guerrero), whose purpose was to create
Created 1814
an independent government. Proclaimed as Supreme National Congress, Ratified October 22, 1814
was installed on September 14, 1813; that same day Morelos announced to Location General Archive of
the Assembly a program called Sentimientos de la Nación, [1] in which was the Nation in the
declared the independence of the Mexican America and establish a Lecumberri Palace
government of popular representation with division of powers, forbade
Author(s) Congress of Anáhuac
slavery and the division of population into castes. [2] On 6 November, same
Signatories Congress of Anáhuac
year, the Congress signed the first official document of independence,
known as the Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern Purpose Constitution to control
America. [3] the independent
territories
Content
Constitution of Apatzingán was composed of 2 titles and 242 articles, was based on the same principles that the
Constitution of Cádiz but in a modified form, as opposed to the Spanish constitution, provided the establishment of
the republican system of government. The most relevant articles were:[4]
1. The Catholic, apostolic and Roman religion, is the only to be profess by the State
2. The power to make laws and establish the form of government that best serves the
interests of society, is the sovereignty.
5. Therefore, the sovereignty resides originally in the people, and its exercise in the national
representation composed of deputies elected by the citizens in the form prescribed by the
constitution.
12. These three powers, legislative, executive and judicial, must not be exercised not by one
person, or by a single corporation.
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13. Are deemed citizens of this America all born here.
19. The law must be equal for all...
30. Every citizen is deemed innocent until declared guilty.
42. (The provinces of the Mexican America): Mexico, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan,
Oaxaca, Técpam, Michoacan, Queretaro, Guadalajara, Guanajuato, Potosí, Zacatecas,
Durango, Sonora, Coahuila and Nuevo Reino de Leon.
The Supreme Government, (Executive), was composed of three persons, they would have equal authority and
responsibility; same as the government would exercise as an alternative every four months. Their most direct
authority, in addition to the executive and administrative nature, were to ensure the protection of the rights of
citizens: liberty, property, equality and security. The Supreme Government would be exercised by José María Cos, José
María Liceaga and José María Morelos.
The Constitution of Apatzingán never really entered into force. Almost a year after it was enacted, his inspiring, José
María Morelos y Pavón was imprisoned and was shot on December 22, 1815. So temporary, the royalist troops
returned to take control of most of the country, but ultimately could not prevent the Mexican America independence
were to be consummated, first as the Mexican Empire that later became the United Mexican States.
See also
Congress of Chilpancingo
Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America
Constitutions of Mexico
Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824
Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 (currently in force)
Mexican War of Independence
Jose Maria Morelos
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
References
1. "Sentimientos de la nación, de José María Morelos" (http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1813_112/Sentimient
os_de_la_naci_n_de_Jos_Mar_a_Morelos_145.shtml) (in Spanish).
2. "Historia de México: legado histórico y pasado reciente" (https://books.google.com/books?id=WbYYZiMANjEC&pg
=PA125&sig=AqKCDSqQKvNSGsNdPthB2UdEQ20&hl=es#v=onepage&q&f=false) (in Spanish).
3. "Declaración de Independencia de México" (http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1813_112/Declaraci_n_de_Ind
ependencia_de_M_xico_150.shtml) (in Spanish).
4. "Declaración Decreto constitucional para la libertad de la América mexicana, sancionado en Apatzingan á 22 de
Octubre de 1814" (http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1814_111/Decreto_constitucional_para_la_libertad_de_l
a_Am_rica_mexicana_sancionado_en_Apatzingan_22_de_Octubre_de_1814.shtml) (in Spanish).
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