Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
SD
A Masonry Cage Fight
-1-
Outline
-2-
2011 vs 2013 Code
-3-
-4-
Beam and Lintel Design
Strength Design (Chapter 9)
Allowable Stress (Chapter 8)
• mu = 0.0035 clay masonry
• Allowable masonry stress: 0.45f’m
• mu = 0.0025 concrete masonry
• Allowable steel stress
• Masonry stress = 0.8f’m
• 32 ksi, Grade 60 steel
• Masonry stress acts over a = 0.8c
k • = 0.9 flexure; = 0.8 shear
k (n ) 2 2n n j 1
3 1 As f y
M n As f y d
M 2M 2 0 . 8 f
m
b
fs fm
As jd b(kd )( jd ) Vn 2.25 Anv f m
-6-
ASD: Alternate Design Method
Calculate
d M
d 2M As
2
kd 3 k
2
2 3Fmb Fs d 1
3
Is k ≥ kbal? Fm As Fs n
kbal
For Grade 60 steel Fs Fs b
Fm
kbal = 0.312 n NO
8 inch CMU
d = 20 in.
-8-
Example: Beam
Given: 10 ft. opening; dead load of 1.5 kip/ft; live load of 1.5 kip/ft; 24 in.
high; Grade 60 steel; Type S masonry cement mortar; 8 in. CMU; f’m =
2000 psi
Required: Design beam
Solution:
-9-
Load
Weight of fully grouted
w D L 1.5 k
ft
0.083 k
ft 2
2 ft 1.5 kft 3.17 kft
normal weight: 83 psf
M
wL2 3.17
k
ft
10.67 ft 2
45.1k ft
Moment
8 8
d
d
kd 3
2
2M
3
20in
20in
2
245.1k ft 12ftin
9.32in.
2 2 3Fbb 2 2 30.900ksi 7.625in
Es Es 29000ksi
Calculate modular ratio, n n 16.1
Em 900 f m 9002.0ksi
- 10 -
Allowable Stress Design: Flexure
- 11 -
Factored Load
Weight of fully grouted
wu 1.2 D 1.6 L 1.2 1.5 k
ft
0.083 k
ft 2
2 ft 1.61.5 kft 4.40 kft
normal weight: 83 psf
w L2 4.40
Mu u
k
ft
10.67 ft 2
62.6k ft
Factored Moment
8 8
Mn = 78.5 k-ft
Use 2 - #6 (As = 0.88 in2)
Mn = 70.6 k-ft
- 12 -
Check Min and Max Reinforcement
bh 2 7.625in 24in
2
Cracking moment
M cr S n f r 732in 3 160 psi 117.1k in 9.76k ft
- 13 -
0.64 0.50
1.0 1.0
0.65 ( = 1.5 ksi) 0.52 ( = 1.5 ksi)
1.94 0.77
1.5 1.5
5.09 ( = 1.5 ksi) 0.80 ( = 1.5 ksi)
- 14 -
Allowable Stress Design: Shear
Design for DL = 1 k/ft, LL = 1 k/ft
Shear at reaction V
wL 1.0
k
ft
0.083 k
ft 2
2 ft 1.0 kft 10.67 ft
11.56k
2 2
20in. 1 ft Section 8.3.5.4
d/2 from face of support 4in. 12in. 1.17 ft
2 allows design for
shear at d/2 from
5.33 ft 1.17 ft face of supports.
Design shear force V 11.56k 9.02k
5.33 ft
V 9.02k Suggest that d be
Shear stress fv 59.2 psi
Anv 7.625in.20in. used, not dv.
Fvm
1 M
4.0 1.75 f m 0.25
2 Vd
P 1
2.25 f m
Allowable masonry An 2
shear stress 1
2.25 2000 psi 50.3 psi
2
- 15 -
Check max shear stress Fv 2 f m 2 2000 psi 89.4 psi > 59.2psi OK
AFd f As
Fvs 0.5 v s Av vs n
Determine Av for a An s 0.5 Fs d
spacing of 8 in. 8.9 psi 7.625in.20in.8in.
Av 0.034in 2
0.532000 psi 20in.
Use #3 stirrups
- 16 -
Strength Design: Shear
Design for DL = 1 k/ft, LL = 1 k/ft
Shear at reaction
w L 1.2 1.0
Vu u
k
ft
0.083 k
ft 2
2 ft 1.61.0 kft 10.67 ft
16.00k
2 2
Requirement for shear at
20in. 1 ft
d/2 from face of support 4in. 12in. 1.17 ft d/2 from face of support
2 is in ASD, not SD, but
assume it applies
5.33 ft 1.17 ft
Design shear force Vu 16.00k 12.50k
5.33 ft
M u
Design masonry Vnm 4.0 1.75 Anv f m 0.25 Pu 2.25 Anv f m
shear strength Vu d v
0.82.257.625in.20in. 2000 psi 12.28k Suggest that d
be used, not
dv to find Anv
- 17 -
A Vns s
Vns 0.5 v f y d v Av
Determine Av for a s 0.5 f y d v
spacing of 8 in. 0.28k 8in.
Av 0.004in 2
0.560ksi 20in.
Use #3 stirrups
Determine d so that no shear reinforcement would be required.
Vu 12.50k
d 20.4in. Use inverted bond beam
b 2.25 f m
7.625in. 0.82.25 2000 psi unit to get slightly greater d.
- 18 -
Non-Bearing Partially Grouted Walls
Out-of-Plane
b = width of effective flange
= min{s, 6t, 72 in}
s
Spacing Steel Area in2/ft
b
(inches) #3 #4 #5 #6
a
b’
8 0.16 0.30 0.46 0.66
16 0.082 0.15 0.23 0.33
d
tf
As 24 0.055 0.10 0.16 0.22
32 0.041 0.075 0.12 0.16
A. Neutral axis in flange: 40 0.033 0.060 0.093 0.13
a. Almost always the case 48 0.028 0.050 0.078 0.11
b. Design and analysis for solid 56 0.024 0.043 0.066 0.094
section 64 0.021 0.038 0.058 0.082
B. Neutral axis in web 72 0.018 0.033 0.052 0.073
a. Design as a T-beam section
80 0.017 0.030 0.046 0.066
C. Often design based on a 1 ft width
- 19 -
Solution:
wh 2 0.6 30 ftlb2 12 inft 16 ft 2
lb ft
Moment M 6912 lb ftin 576 ft
8 8
Fb = 0.45(2000psi) = 900 psi Em = 1.80 x 106 psi
Fs = 32000 psi Es = 29 x 106 psi
n= Es/Em = 16.1
d d
kd 3
2
2M 3.81in
3
2 k ft
3.81in 2 0.576 ft 12ftin 0.346in.
2
2 3Fbb
2
2 30.900ksi 12 inft
Check if compression kd 0.346in
k 0.091 0.312 Tension controls
controls d 3.81in
- 20 -
Example: Partially Grouted Wall ASD
As Fs n
(in.) 0.0784 0.0810 0.0810
Fs b
- 21 -
Find a
11520 lb ftin
Solve as solid 2
section
a d d2
2 M n
3.81in 3.81in
2 0.9 0.179in
0.8 f m b 0.82000 psi (12 inft )
Find As As
0.8 f m ba 0.82000 psi 12 inft 0.179in
0.0573 inft
2
fy 60000 psi
- 23 -
Interaction Diagrams
- 24 -
Example: 8 in. CMU Bearing Wall ASD
Given: 12 ft high CMU bearing wall, Type S masonry cement mortar;
Grade 60 steel in center of wall; #4 @ 48 in.; partial grout; = 2000 psi
Required: Interaction diagram in terms of capacity per foot
Pure Moment: n = 16.1 ρ = 0.00109 nρ = 0.0176
Find Mm M m bkd
Fm
2
jd 12 inft 0.1713.81in 0.900ksi 0.9433.81in
2
12.64 k ftin
k ft
Allowable M M 5.75 k-in
ft 0.479 ft
- 25 -
h 144in
Find h/r 54.1 99
r 2.66in
- 26 -
Example: 8 in. CMU Bearing Wall ASD
Find Cm Cm
1
2
1
2
f m kd b 0.900ksi 1.19in 12 inft 6.44 k
ft
Find T 2
T f s As 32ksi 0.05 inft 1.6 k
ft
P 4.84 kft
M 1.83 k ftft
Find P P Cm -T 6.44 1.60 4.84k
ft
k
ft
Find M 1.19in k ft
M 6.44 kft 3.81in 22.0 k ftin 1.83 ft
3
- 27 -
Find Cm Cm
1
2
1
2
f m kd b 0.703ksi 1.00in 12 inft 4.22 k
ft
Find T 2
T f s As 32ksi 0.05 inft 1.6 k
ft
P 2.62 kft
M 1.22 k ftft
Find P P Cm -T 4.22 1.60 2.62k
ft
k
ft
Find M 1.00in k ft
M 4.22 kft 3.81in 14.7 k ftin 1.22 ft
3
- 28 -
Example: 8 in. CMU Bearing Wall ASD
0.900 ksi
0.338 ksi 0.0005 Strain
Above 13.1 ksi
Balanced: 1.25 in
Stress 2.00 in 0.00045
kd = 2.00 in. 2.00 in
Neutral axis 3.82 in
is in web
0.25 k/ft 0.900 0.338ksi 1.25in 12 in 9.28 k
9.28 k/ft Cm1 ft ft
2
0.66k/ft
Centroid Cm 2
1
0.338ksi0.75in 2 inft 0.25 kft
0.53 in 2
x
h1 2h2 b
h1 h2 3 1.5 in
T 13.1ksi 0.05 inft 0.66
2
k
ft
1.25+0.75/3=1.5in.
h1 P Cm1 Cm 2 -T 8.88 kft
b
h2
P 8.88 kft
x
M 9.28 kft 3.81in 0.53in 0.25 kft 3.81in 1.5in 2.58 k ftft
k ft
M 2.58 ft
- 29 -
in
2 0.8 12 ft 2.0ksi
- 30 -
Example: 8 in. CMU Bearing Wall SD
Pure Axial: NCMA TEK 14-1B Section Properties of Concrete Masonry Walls
r = 2.66 in. An = 40.7in2/ft In = 332.0 in4/ft
h 144in
Find h/r 54.1 99
r 2.66in
Find Pn h 2
Pn 0.8 0.80 f m An Ast f y Ast 1
140r
54.1 2
0.8 0.802.0ksi 40.7 inft 0 0 1
2
44.3 kft
140
- 31 -
Find Cm
Cm, face shell 0.802.0ksi 1.25in 12 inft 24 kft
Cm , web 0.802.0ksi 1.67in 1.25in 2.0 inft 1.34 kft
Find T
T f y As 60ksi 0.05 inft 3.0
2
k
ft
Pn 20.1 kft
Find Pn 0.924.0 1.3 3.0 kft 20.1 kft M n 5.96 k ftft
- 32 -
Example: 8 in. CMU Bearing Wall SD
Find T
T f y As 60ksi 0.05 inft 3.0
2
k
ft
Pn 14.6 kft
M n 4.77 k ftft
Find Pn Cm -T 0.919.2 3.0 kft 14.6 kft
0.81.25in
Find M n 0.919.2 kft 3.81in k ft
57.2 k ftin 4.77 ft
2
- 33 -
Find Cm
Cm, face shell 0.802.0ksi 1.25in 12 inft 24 kft
Find T
T Es s As 29000ksi 0.00068 0.05 inft 0.99
2
k
ft
Pn 24.0 kft
Find Pn 0.924.0 3.68 0.99 kft 24.0 kft M n 6.28 k ftft
- 34 -
Interaction Diagrams
- 35 -
- 36 -
Strength Design: Combined Bending
and Axial Load Design Method
Calculate
2Pu d t / 2 M u a
a d d2 c
0.8 f m b 0.8
Is c ≥ cbal? mu
For Grade 60 steel
cbal d
mu y
cbal = 0.547
YES NO
0.8 f m ba Pu / 0.8 f m ba Pu /
As As
d c fy
mu Es
c Tension controls
Compression controls
- 37 -
bFs
kd 3 bdFs kd 2 P d t M kd P d t M d 0
6n 2n 2 2
As
1
kd b 1 kd P
2 n d kd Fs
- 39 -
Em = 1800ksi
n = 16.1
Vertical Spanning
Inside
x
Load
Lateral Load
w = 0.6(26psf)(16ft)=250 lb/ft
d=11.8 in
- 40 -
Example: Pilaster Design ASD
Weight of pilaster:
Weight of fully grouted 8 in wall (lightweight units) is 75 psf. Pilaster is
like a double thick wall. Weight is 2(75psf)(16in)(1ft/12in) = 200 lb/ft
Usually the load combination with smallest axial load and largest lateral
load controls. Try load combination of 0.6D + 0.6W to determine
required reinforcement and then check other load combinations.
- 41 -
0.6D + 0.6W
Top of pilaster. P = 0.6(9.6)k-0.6(8.1)k = 0.9kips M = 0.9k(5.8in) = 5.2kip-in
Find location of h M 288in 5.2kip in
maximum moment x
2 wh
2
0.250 k 288in 1 ft
ft
143.1in
in
Find axial force at this point. Include weight of pilaster (200 lb/ft).
P 0.9k 0.6 0.20 k
ft
143.1in 1 ft
12in.
2.3k
- 42 -
Example: Pilaster Design ASD
2
d d 2( P(d h / 2) M )
kd 3
Assume compression 2 2 3Fbb
controls;
Determine kd 11.8in 2(2.3kip11.8in 15.6in / 2 218kip in)
2
11.8in
3 3.00in
2 2 30.900ksi 15.6in
kd 3.00in
Determine k k 0.254
d 11.8in
Fb 0.900ksi
Determine kbal kbal 0.312
Fs 32ksi
Fb 0.900ksi
n 16.1
- 43 -
P As Fs n
(in.) 0.678 0.686 0.686
Fs b
D+0.75(0.6W)+0.75S
P = 15.3k
M = 16.8k-ft
D+S D+0.6W
P = 19.2k P = 7.1k
M = 9.25k-ft M = 19.2k-ft
0.6D+0.6W
P = 2.3k
M = 18.2k-ft
- 45 -
- 46 -
Example: Pilaster Design SD
Given: Nominal 16 in. wide x 16 in. deep CMU pilaster; = 2000 psi; Grade 60
bar in each corner, center of cell; Effective height = 24 ft; Dead load of 9.6 kips and
snow load of 9.6 kips act at an eccentricity of 5.8 in. (2 in. inside of face); Factored
wind load of 26 psf (pressure and suction) and uplift of 8.1 kips (e=5.8 in.);
Pilasters spaced at 16 ft on center; Wall is assumed to span horizontally between
pilasters; No ties.
Required: Determine required reinforcing using strength design.
Solution:
e=5.8 in 2.0 in
Em = 1800ksi
n = 16.1
Vertical Spanning
Inside
x
Load
Lateral Load
w = 0.6(26psf)(16ft)=250 lb/ft
d=11.8 in
- 47 -
- 48 -
Example: Pilaster Design SD
2Pu d h / 2 M u
a d d2
0.8 f m b
Determine a
11.8in 11.8in 2 22.7k 11.8in 15.6in / 2 361k in 1.50in
0.90.82.0ksi 15.6in
- 49 -
- 50 -
Example: Pilaster Design
- 51 -
- 52 -
Design: Bearing Walls – OOP Loads
- 53 -
P t sp bc 3 As f y Pu
I cr n As u
d c
2
c
f y 2d 3 0.64 f 'm b
- 54 -
Strength Design Procedure
wu h 2 e 5M cr Pu h 2 1 1 wu h 2 e
Puf u Puf u
8 2 48 Em I n I cr
Mu Mu 8 2
2
5 Pu h 2 5 Pu h
1 1
48 Em I cr 48 Em I n
5h 2 wu h 2 e I 5h 2 wu h 2 e
Puf u M cr cr 1 Puf u
48 Em I cr 8 2 In 48 Em I n 8 2
u u
5 Pu h 2
5 Pu h 2
1 1
48 Em I cr 48 Em I n
- 55 -
Required: Reinforcement
Solution:
Estimate reinforcement
0.6 0.032 16
~ 0.62
8 8
32 psf
16 ft
Try #4 @ 40 in.
k = 0.185, kd = 0.707 in. Cross-section
of top of wall
Mm = 1.14 k-ft/ft; Ms = 0.57 k-ft/ft
Lightweight units: wall weight = 40 psf
Determine eccentricity
e = 7.625in/2 – 1.0 in.
= 2.81 in.
- 56 -
Example: Wind Loads ASD
Check 0.6D+0.6W
Find force at top of wall
Pf 0.6 0.5 kft 0.6 0.36 kft 0.084 kft
P 0.084 kft 0.60.040ksf 2.67 ft 8 ft 0.340k / ft
Find force at
midheight
Find moment
M top 0.084 k
2.81in. 1 ft
0.60.032ksf 2.67 ft
2
0.049 k ftft
at top of wall ft 12 in
2
wh 2 M top 0.60.032ksf 16 ft 0.049 ft
1k ft
Find moment 2
P As Fs n
Fs b
(in.) 0.0804
- 58 -
Example: Wind Loads SD
D = 500 lb/ft
Given: 8 in. CMU wall; Grade 60 steel; Type S masonry Lr = 400 lb/ft
cement mortar; = 2000 psi ; roof forces act on 3 in. W = -360 lb/ft
wide bearing plate at edge of wall.
2.67 ft
Required: Reinforcement
Solution:
Estimate reinforcement
0.032 16
~ 1.02
8 8
32 psf
16 ft
a = 0.19 in.
As = 0.061 in2/ft Cross-section
of top of wall
Try #4 @ 40 in.
Determine eccentricity
e = 7.625in/2 – 1.0 in.
= 2.81 in.
- 59 -
Puf Puw Pu
Load Combination
(kip/ft) (kip/ft) (kip/ft)
0.9(0.5)+1.0(-0.36) = 0.9(0.040)(2.67+8) =
0.9D+1.0W 0.474
0.090 0.384
1.2(0.5)+1.0(-0.36) 1.2(0.040)(2.67+8) =
1.2D+1.0W+0.5Lr 0.952
+0.5(0.4) = 0.440 0.512
- 60 -
Example: Wind Loads SD
Find modulus of rupture; use linear interpolation between no grout and full grout
Ungrouted (Type S masonry cement): 51 psi
Fully grouted (Type S masonry cement): 153 psi
4 ungrouted cells 1 grouted cell
f r 51 psi 153 psi 71 psi
5 cells 5 cells
M cr
P / A f r I n
u n
474 / 42.8 71 psi 336.7
lb
ft
in 2
ft
in 4
ft
t/2 3.81in
M cr 7.28 ft 0.606 kipft ft
kip in
- 61 -
Find c c 0.265in
0.64 f 'm b 0.642.0ksi 12ftin
Es 29000ksi
Find n n 16.1
Em 1800ksi
Pu t sp bc 3
Find Icr
I cr n As
d c
2
f y 2d 3
12 in 0.265in
3
0.474 kft
16.1 0.06 inft 3.812in 0.265in 2 ft
2
60ksi 3
13.8 inft
4
- 62 -
Example: Wind Loads SD
Pufeu is the moment at the top support of the wall, Mu,top. It includes eccentric axial load and
wind load from parapet.
Find Mu.
wu h 2 e 5M cr Pu h 2 1 1
Puf u
8 2 48 Em I n I cr
Mu
5 Pu h 2
1
48 Em I cr
0.032ksf 16 ft 0.093
2
k ft
ft
5 0.606 k ftft 0.474 kft 16 ft 1
2
1 144in 2
8 2 481800ksi in 4 in 4 1 ft 2
337 ft 13.8 ft 1.009 k ftft
5 0.474 kft 16 ft 144in 2
2
1 4
481800ksi 13.8 inft 1 ft 2
- 63 -
Find a a 0.215in
0.80 f m b 0.802.0ksi 12 inft
M n Pu / As f y d
a
Find
2
0.9 0.474 kft / 0.9 0.06 inft 60ksi 3.812in
2 0.215in
2
13.76 kipftin 1.147 kipft ft
- 65 -
5h 2 wh 2 e I
Pf M cr cr 1
48 Em I cr 8 2 In
2
5 Ph
1
48 Em I cr
516 ft 0.6 0.032ksf 16 ft 2 0.002 k ftft 14.5 inft 1728in 3
4
2
k ft
0.606 ft 4 1
481800ksi 14.5 inft
4
8 2 336.7 in
ft
1 ft 3
1
k
5 0.711 ft 16 ft 144in
2 2
481800ksi 14.5 inft 1 ft 2
4
0.066in.
Check that M > Mcr; M = 0.617 k-ft/ft > 0.606 k-ft/ft = Mcr
- 66 -
Example: Wind Loads SD
mu Pu
0.64 f m
bd
max
A
s mu y
bd fy
0.927 kft
0.642.0ksi
0.0025
in
0.0025 1.50.00207 12 ft 3.81in
0.00918
60ksi
ft 2
A 0.06 ft OK
s in 0.00131
bd 12 ft 3.81in
- 67 -
- 68 -
Shear Walls: Shear
F 2 f
4 M
v m g M / Vd v 1.0 Vn 5 2 u Anv f m g 0.25
Mu
Vu d v
1.0
3 Vu d v
Interpolate for 0.25 < (M/Vdv) < 1
- 69 -
- 71 -
- 72 -
Example: Shear Wall ASD
- 73 -
2 M
f m g 5 20.625 2000 psi 0.75 83.8 psi
2
Maximum Fv Fv 5 2
3 Vd v 3
V 0.7100000lb
Shear stress fv 82.4 psi OK
Anv 849in 2
- 74 -
Example: Shear Wall ASD
Top of wall P = (0.6-0.7(0.2SDS))D = 0.544(1k/ft)(16ft) = 8.70 kips
(critical location for shear):
1 M P
Fvm 4.0 1.75 f m 0.25
2
Determine Fvm Vd v An
2
4.0 1.750.625 2000 psi 0.25
1
8700lb
849in 2
67.5 psi
Required steel stress Fvs f v / g Fvm 82.4 psi / 0.75 67.5 psi 42.4 psi
AFd
Use #5 bars in bond beams. Fvs 0.5 v s
Determine spacing. An s
0.5 Av Fs d 0.50.31in 32000 psi 188in
s 25.9in
f vs An
42.4 psi 849in 2
s ≤ min{d/2, 48 in.} = min{94 in., 48 in.} = 48 in.
Code 8.3.5.2.1
Use #5 at 24 in. o.c.
- 75 -
- 76 -
Example: Shear Wall ASD
V 1.50.7100000lb
Shear stress fv 71.7 psi
Anv 1464in 2
Determine Fvm
Fvm
1
4
4.0 1.750.625 2000 psi 0.25 8700lb2 34.0 psi
1464in
(special wall)
Use #5 @ 16 in.
- 77 -
As
6 0.44in 2
0.00184 OK
bd 7.625in.188in.
- 78 -
Example: Shear Wall ASD
- 79 -
- 80 -
Example: Shear Walls SD
- 81 -
4 Mu
Vn 5 2 Anv f m g
3 Vu d v OK
Maximum Vn
4
0.8 5 20.625 767in 2
2000 psi 0.75 102.9kips
3
- 82 -
Example: Shear Walls SD
Top of wall Pu = (0.9-0.2SDS)D = 0.82(1k/ft)(16ft) = 13.1 kips
(critical location for shear):
Mu
Determine Vnm Vnm 4.0 1.75 Anv f m 0.25Pu
Vu d v
0.8 4.0 1.750.625 767in 2 1kip
2000 psi 1000
lb 0.25 13.1k 82.4kips
A
Vns 0.5 v f y d v
Use #5 bars in bond beams. s
Determine spacing. 0.5 Av f y d v 0.50.31in 60ksi 192in
s 28.0in
Vns 63.7k
s ≤ min{d/2, 48 in.} = min{94 in., 48 in.} = 48 in. Code 8.3.5.2.1
In strength design, this provision only applies to beams (9.3.4.2.3 (e)) Use
Suggest that minimum spacing also be applied to shear walls. #5 at 24 in. o.c.
- 83 -
- 84 -
Example: Shear Walls SD
Given: 10 ft high x 16 ft long 8 in. CMU shear wall; Grade 60 steel, Type
S mortar; = 2000 psi; superimposed dead load of 1 kip/ft. In-plane
seismic load (from ASCE 7-10) of 100 kips. SDS = 0.4
Required: Design the shear wall; special reinforced shear wall
Solution: Check using 0.9D+1.0E load combination.
• Shear capacity design provisions (Section 7.3.2.6.1.1)
• Vn ≥ shear corresponding to 1.25Mn.
• Minimum increase is 1.25/0.9 = 1.39
• Vn need not exceed 2.5Vu
• Normal design Vn ≥ Vu/ = Vu/0.8 = 1.25Vu
• Increases shear by a factor of 2 Anv 7.625in.192in.
- 85 -
Mu
Determine Vnm Vnm 4.0 1.75 Anv f m 0.25Pu
Vu d v
0.8 4.0 1.750.625 1464in 2 1kip
2000 psi 1000
lb 0.25 13.1k 154.8kips
A
Vns 0.5 v f y d v
Use #5 bars in bond beams. s
Determine spacing. 0.5 Av f y d v 0.50.31in 60ksi 192in
s 269in
Vns 6.6k
7.3.2.6 (b) Maximum spacing of reinforcing of 1/3 length, 1/3 height, or 48 in.
Use maximum spacing of 1/3(height) = 40 in.
- 87 -
154.8k
Required steel strength Vns Vn Vnm 250k 56.4k
0.8
(Bars at 28, 60, 92 and 116 in. from bottom; top spacing is 24 in.)
- 88 -
Example: Shear Walls SD
- 89 -
- 90 -
Example: Shear Walls SD
• Section 9.3.6.5: Maximum reinforcement provisions of 9.3.3.5 do not
apply if designed by this section (boundary elements)
• Special boundary elements not required if:
Pu 0.1 f m A g geometrically symmetrical sections
Pu 0.05 f m A g geometrically unsymmetrical sections
AND
Mu Mu
1 OR Vu 3 An f m AND 3
Vu d v Vu d v
- 91 -
- 92 -
ASD vs SD: Shear Walls
Allowable Strength
Stress Design
Design
- 94 -