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Exercise 2.5 (Solutions)
Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Page 57

Available online @ http://www.educatedzone.com, Version:1.0

Convert the following theorems to logical form and prove them by constructing truth
table:-
Question # 1
( Α ∩ Β )′ = Α′ ∪ Β′
Solution
The corresponding formula of logic is
~ ( p ∧ q) = ~ p ∨ ~ q

p q ~p ~q p ∧q ~ ( p ∧ q) ~ p∨ ~ q
T T F F T F F
T F F T F T T
F T T F F T T
F F T T F T T

The last two columns of the above table shows that ~ ( p ∧ q ) = ~ p ∨ ~ q

and hence ( A ∩ B )′ = A′ ∪ B′ .
Question # 2
( A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ ( B ∪ C )
Solution
The corresponding formula of logic is
( p ∨ q) ∨ r = p ∨ (q ∨ r )
p q r p∨q q∨r ( p ∨ q) ∨ r p ∨ (q ∨ r)
T T T T T T T
T T F T T T T
T F T T T T T
T F F T F T T
F T T T T T T
F T F T T T T
F F T F T T T
F F F F F F F
The last two columns of the above table shows that ( p ∨ q ) ∨ r = p ∨ ( q ∨ r )
and hence ( A ∪ B ) ∪ C = A ∪ ( B ∪ C ) .
Question # 3
( A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ ( B ∩ C )
Solution
The corresponding formula of logic is
( p ∧ q) ∧ r = p ∧ (q ∧ r )
2.5 - 2

p q r p∧q q∧r ( p ∧ q) ∧ r p ∧ (q ∧ r)
T T T T T T T
T T F T F F F
T F T F F F F
T F F F F F F
F T T F T F F
F T F F F F F
F F T F F F F
F F F F F F F
The last two columns of the above table shows that ( p ∧ q ) ∧ r = p ∧ ( q ∧ r )
and hence ( A ∩ B ) ∩ C = A ∩ ( B ∩ C ) .
Question # 4
A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) = ( A ∪ B) ∩ ( A ∪ C )
Solution
A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) = ( A ∪ B) ∩ ( A ∪ C )
The corresponding formula of logic is
p ∨ (q ∧ r ) = ( p ∨ q) ∧ ( p ∨ r )

p q r q∧r p∨q p∨r p ∨ (q ∧ r ) ( p ∨ q) ∧ ( p ∨ r )

T T T T T T T T
T T F F T T T T
T F T F T T T T
T F F F T T T T
F T T T T T T T
F T F F T F F F
F F T F F T F F
F F F F F F F F

The last two columns of the above table shows that p ∨ (q ∧ r ) = ( p ∨ q ) ∧ ( p ∨ r )

and hence A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) = ( A ∪ B) ∩ ( A ∪ C ) .

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Book: Exercise 2.4

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
Available online @ www.educatedzone.com

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