Exercise 4.

7 (Solutions)
EducatedZone Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
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Nature of Roots (Page 165)  1

The roots of the quadratic equation Here a = 1 , b = −2  m +  , c = 3
 m 
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 Disc. = b − 4ac
2
are 2
  1 
−b ± b 2 − 4ac =  −2  m +   − 4(1)(3)
x =   m 
2a
(Where we take a , b & c as rational)  1 
The nature of the roots of an equation depends = 4  m 2 + 2 + 2  − 12
 m 
on the value of the expression b 2 − 4ac called  1 
discriminant. = 4  m2 + 2 + 2 − 3 
 m 
Case I: If b 2 − 4ac = 0
 1 
b b = 4  m 2 + 2 − 1
Then roots of the equation are − and − .  m 
2a 2a
So the roots are real (rational) and repeated  1 
= 4  m 2 + 2 − 2 + 1
equal.  m 
Case II: If b 2 − 4ac < 0  2

1
Then the roots are complex/imaginary and = 4   m −  + 1 > 0
 m 
distinct/unequal.  
Case III: If b 2 − 4ac > 0 Hence roots are real.
Then the roots are real and distinct/unequal. Question # 2(ii)
However, if b 2 − 4ac is a perfect square then (b − a ) x2 + ( c − a ) x + ( a − b) = 0
b 2 − 4ac will be rational and so the roots are Here A = b − c , B = c − a , C = a − b
rational and unequal. And if b 2 − 4ac is not a Disc. = b 2 − 4ac
perfect square then b 2 − 4ac will be irrational = (c − a)
2
− 4 ( b − c )( a − b )
and so the roots are irrational and unequal.
(
= c 2 + a 2 − 2ca − 4 ab − b 2 − ac + bc )
Question # 1(i)
= c + a − 2ac − 4ab + 4b + 4ac − 4bc
2 2 2
4 x2 + 6 x + 1 = 0
Here a = 4 , b = 6 , c = 1 = (a 2
)
+ c 2 + 2ac − 4ab − 4bc + 4b 2
Disc. = b 2 − 4ac = ( a + c ) − 4b ( a + c ) + ( 2b )
2 2

= ( 6 ) − 4(4)(1) = 36 − 16
2
= ( a + c − 2b )2 > 0
= 20 > 0 Hence roots are real.
Discriminant is not perfect square therefore the
roots are irrational (real) and unequal. Question # 3
(i) ( p + q ) x 2 − px − qb 2 − 4ac = 0
(ii) x2 − 5x + 6 = 0
a = 1 , b = −5 , x = 6 Here a = p + q , b = − p , c = − q
Disc. = b 2 − 4ac Disc. = b 2 − 4ac
= (− p)
2
= (−5)2 − 4(1)(6) − 4( p + q )(− q)
= 25 − 24 = 1 > 0 = p 2 + 4 pq + 4q 2
= ( p + 2q )
Disc. is perfect square therefore roots are 2
rational (real) and unequal.
∴ the roots are rational.
(iii) Do yourself as (i)
(iv) 25 x 2 − 30 x + 9 = 0 (ii) px 2 − ( p − q) x − q = 0
Do yourself
a = 25 , b = −30 , c = 9
Disc. = b 2 − 4ac Question # 4
= (−30)2 − 4(25)(9) (i) ( m + 1) x 2 + 2 ( m + 3) x + m + 8 = 0
= 900 − 900 = 0 a = m + 1 , b = 2 ( m + 3) , c = m + 8
∴ roots are rational (real) and equal.
Disc. = b 2 − 4ac
Question # 2(i) = ( 2 ( m + 3) ) − 4 ( m + 1)( m + 8 )
2

 1
x2 − 2  m +  x + 3 = 0
 m ( ) (
= 4 m 2 + 6m + 9 − 4 m 2 + 8m + m + 8 )
FSc-II / Ex- 4.7 - 2

(
= 4 m 2 + 6m + 9 − m 2 − 8m − m − 8 ) (
⇒ b 2 x 2 + a 2 m2 x 2 + c 2 + 2mcx − a 2 b 2 = 0 )
= 4 ( −3m + 1) ⇒ b 2 x 2 + a 2 m 2 x 2 + 2a 2 mcx + a 2 c 2 − a 2b 2 = 0
For equal roots, we have
Disc. = 0
⇒ (b 2
)
+ a 2 m 2 x 2 + 2a 2 mcx + a 2 c 2 − b 2 = 0 ( )
⇒ 4 ( −3m + 1) = 0 Here A = b 2 + a 2 m 2 , B = 2a 2 mc ,
⇒ − 3m + 1 = 0 C = a 2 (c 2 − b 2 )
1 Disc. = B 2 − 4 AC
⇒ 3m = 1 ⇒ m =
3 = (2a 2 mc )2 − 4(b 2 + a 2 m 2 ) ⋅ a 2 (c 2 − b2 )
(ii) & (iii)
Do yourself
(
= 4a 4 m 2 c 2 − 4a 2 c 2 b2 − b 4 + a 2 c 2 m2 − a 2b 2 m 2 )
Question # 5
(
= 4a 2 a 2 m 2 c 2 − c 2b 2 + b 4 − a 2 c 2 m 2 + a 2b 2 m 2 )
x 2 + ( mx + c ) = a 2
2 = 4a 2 ( −b c 2 2
+ b 4 + a 2 b 2 m2 )
⇒ x 2 + m 2 x 2 + 2mcx + c 2 − a 2 = 0 For equal roots we must have
Disc. = 0
( )
⇒ x 2 1 + m 2 + 2mcx + c 2 − a 2 = 0
Here A = 1 + m , B = 2mc , C = c − a
2 2 2 (
⇒ 4 a 2 b 2 −c 2 + b 2 + a 2 m 2 = 0 )
So Disc. = B 2 − 4 AC ⇒ − c2 + b2 + a2 m2 = 0 Q a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0

(
= ( 2mc ) − 4 1 + m 2 c 2 − a 2
2
)( ) ⇒ c2 = a2 m2 + b2

= 4m 2 c 2 − 4 (c 2
− a 2 + m2c2 − m2 a2 ) Question # 8

(
= 4 m2 c 2 − c 2 + a 2 − m 2 c 2 + m 2 a 2 ) (a 2
) (
− ba x 2 + 2 b2 − ac x + c 2 − ab = 0 )
= 4 ( −c 2
+ a 2 + m2 a 2 ) A = a 2 − bc , B = 2 b 2 − ac , C = c 2 − ab ( )
For equal roots, we have Disc. = B − 4 AC 2

Disc. = 0
( ) ( )( )
2
=  2 b2 − ac  − 4 a 2 − bc c 2 − ab
−c + a + m a = 0
2 2 2 2
 
⇒ c 2 = a 2 + m2 a2 (
= 4 b 4 + a 2 c 2 − 2ab 2 c )
⇒ c = a 1+ m
2 2
( 2
) (
− 4 a c − a 3b + bc3 − ab 2c
2 2
)
as required.
(
= 4 b 4 + a 2 c 2 − 2ab 2 c
Question # 6 − a 2 c 2 + a3b + bc 3 − ab 2 c )
( mx + c ) = 4ax
2

⇒ m x + 2mcx + c − 4ax = 0
2 2 2
(
= 4 a3b + b 4 + bc 3 − 3ab 2 c )
⇒ m 2 x 2 + 2 ( mc − 2a ) x + c 2 = 0 (
= 4b a 3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc )
A = m 2 , B = 2 ( mc − 2a ) , C = c 2 For equal roots, we must have
B 2 − 4 AC = 0
Disc. = B 2 − 4 AC
=  2 ( mc − 2a )  − 4m c
2 2 2 (
⇒ 4b a 3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc = 0 )
⇒ 4b = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc = 0
(
= 4 m 2 c 2 + 4a 2 − 4amc − m 2c 2 ) ⇒ b = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
= 4 ( 4a 2
− 4amc )
For equal roots, we must have For updates and news visit
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(
⇒ 4 4a 2 − 4amc = 0 )
⇒ 16a ( a − mc ) = 0 Error Analyst
⇒ a − mc = 0 ⇒ a = mc Qasim Tariq
a a
⇒ = c or c =
m m

Question # 7
x 2 ( mx + c )
2
+ = 1
a2 b2
⇒ b 2 x 2 + a 2 ( mx + c ) = a 2b 2
2