1º ESO.

BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY

MARI CARMEN MORÓN MONTIEL
SOLUTIONS

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

1. Name all the characteristics we use to identify living things.

- They all have the same chemical composition (similar bioelements and
biomolecules)
- They are made of cells.
- They all have 3 vital functions: nutrition, reproduction and interaction.

2. Explain the difference between organic and inorganic matter.

Organic matter is specific of living things and it contains a lot of carbon atoms,
(for example, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates…)
Inorganic matter is present in living things and non-living things and it doesn’t
contain no much carbon (for example, water and mineral salts)

3. Name the most important biomolecules.

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates (also known as glucids) and nucleic acids (DNA
and RNA)

4. Name the most important bioelements.

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur (remember the
“magical word” CHONPS)

VITAL FUNCTIONS

5. Explain the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs and say all the
groups of living things with each kind of nutrition. (Remember the definitions in
your vocabulary organizer).
Autotrophs and heterotrophs are two types of nutrition.
An autotroph is an organism that makes its own organic matter from inorganic
matter using energy (usually solar energy). Plants, algae and some bacteria are
autotrophs.
A heterotroph is an organism that needs to take organic matter already
elaborated from other living things or their remains to obtain energy for living.
Animals, fungi, protozoa and many bacteria are heterotrophs.

6. Explain with your words the differences between sexual and asexual
reproduction (remember the table we did to compare them in class).
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION needs 2 progenitors (male and female), while
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION needs only one.
Moreover, the descendants of sexual reproduction have characteristics of both
progenitors. However, the descendants of asexual reproduction are identical to
the progenitor (because there is only one).
Many animals and plants with flowers have sexual reproduction, whereas
bacteria, starfish and some other plants have asexual reproduction.
 1º ESO. BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY
MARI CARMEN MORÓN MONTIEL
7. Define interaction function.

It is the ability to perceive internal or external stimuli and to respond to those

stimuli For example, plants interact with the environment when they perceive
light and grow towards it.

ORGANIZATION OF LIVING THINGS

8. Copy the sentences and complete them into your notebook:
Many cells with the same function form a __tissue_________
Different tissues that work together for a function form ___an organ____
Many organs that work together for a function make a __system____
Living things with just one cell are called __unicellular________, and the ones
with many cells are ____multicellular_______. According to this, a bacterium is a
___ unicellular __ living thing, while plants are __ multicellular __ living things.

9. a) What kind of tissue is made of muscular cells? And what is its function?
Muscular tissue. It’s function is contraction.
b) What is the function of nerve tissue? Find out the name of the cells that compose
this tissue.
Nerve tissue percieve stimuli and produces a response. The cells that form a nerve
tissue are called neurones.

CELLS

10. Write the name of each type of cell (A and B) and label their organelles.

11. A

A. Eukaryotic animal cell. 6. Nucleus.

B. Eukaryotic plant cell. 7. Cytoplasm
1. Cell membrane (= plasmatic 8. Vacuole.
membrane) 9. Mitochondrion.
2. Nucleus. 10. Cell wall.
3. Cytoplasm. 11. Cell membrane (= plasmatic
4. Lysosome. membrane)
5. Mitochondrion. 12. Chloroplasts.
 1º ESO. BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY
MARI CARMEN MORÓN MONTIEL
12. A) Can you identify the other 2 organelles in common that appear in both drawings from the
previous activity?
Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

B) What type of endoplasmic reticulum appears in the drawings? Why do you know it?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum, because it has “points” on the surface, which are ribosomes.

13. Compare the similarities and differences between eukaryotic animal and plant cells, using
connectors (whereas, while, however…).
Similarities:
Both animal and plant cells have NUCLEUS (because both are eukaryotic cells).
Both have cell membrane, cytoplasm and DNA.
Both have mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Differences:
Animal cells have centriols, while plant cells haven’t.
Plant cells have chloroplasts, whereas animal cells haven’t.
Plant cells have cell wall, while animal cells haven’t.
Animal cells have lysosomes. However, plant cells have 1 big vacuole.

14. Copy and complete the table in your notebook:

PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE
Found in… Animals, plants, PROTOZOA (a type of
Bacteria aquatic microorganism) and fungi
Nucleous NO YES
Cell wall NO JUST PLANT CELLS
Cell membrane YES YES
Cytoplasm YES YES

15. Explain the function of mitochondria and the function of chloroplasts.

Mitochondria produce energy for the cell.
Chloroplasts perform the photosynthesis to make food for the cell.

16. Copy and complete the c-map from page 131(text book) in your notebook.
1º ESO. BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY
MARI CARMEN MORÓN MONTIEL