Denief Police Patrol Operation 2017 PDF

Angeles University Foundation
Review Lecture
Basic Concepts
Importance of Patrol
Patrol Types
Patrol Strategies
Pre-Deployment Procedure
Deployment Procedure
Post Deployment Procedure

Patrol Advantages and Disadvantages
By: Denief S. Vergara, MSCJ
3rd Placer, Crim. Board, April 2010
5th Placer, Police Officer Exam April 2017
Instructor, University of the Cordilleras
Police Officer 1
9th Placer, PSFTP, 2013
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Police Communication
Etymology of key terms

 The term “police” originated from the greek word politeia,
which means government of a city.
 The term patrol originated directly or via the German
word patrolle that was derived from the french patrouiller.
 Patrouiller originally means „to walk to through mud in a
military camp‟ or „to go through puddles.
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Patrol
 Is the act of moving about in an
area especially by authorized
and trained persons or groups
for the purpose of observation,
inspection and security.
 It is aimed to deny
opportunities for the
commission of crimes, and
reduce the risk of citizens
becoming crime victims.
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Note
 P  Policemen
 A  Assigned
 T  To
 R  Restore
 O  Order in the
 L  Locality
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THE ROLE OF THE POLICE
 The primary law enforcement body of the

state is the police.
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Two Types of Enforcement
 Preventive Enforcement
 Progressive and continuous patrolling
 Selective Enforcement
 Research and Investigation
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IMPORTANCE OF THE PATROL FORCE

 Patrol is the backbone of the police department.
 The proof to this that patrol force is the only division in the
police organization that cannot be eliminated.
The following are the specific points that justify the importance of
Police patrol:
 Patrol is the essence of police operations.
 The patrol force is the single largest unit within the police
organization.
 Actions taken by the patrol officer have the most direct impact on
the citizen’s satisfaction and on the accomplishment of police
goals and objectives.
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 Patrol operation is the most visible form of

activity that enhances the welfare and security of
the community.
 Individual patrol officers represent the police
department in its contact with the community.
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Patrol Strategies
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Directed Patrol
 It is usually much more productive to have an

officer’s discretionary time directed toward
accomplishing specific department
objectives than to expect each officer simply
to do his or her “thing”.
 This practice is most commonly referred to as
directed patrol.
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Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)
 Directed patrol use the police officer’s

discretionary patrol time to focus on specific
department goals.
 These goals are often identified through
problem-oriented policing (POP)– that is
grouping calls for service to identify specific
goals.
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 High Visibility Patrol

 Low Visibility Patrol
 Team Policing
 Decoy Patrol
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POLICE DISCRETION
 In police matters, discretion simply refers to the wise
use of one’s judgment, personal experience and
common sense to decide a particular situation.
 Police officers are decision makers and most of their
decisions involve discretion.
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Pre-deployment
procedures
 Are done to prepare
Patrol Officers for
patrol operations and
other patrol related
activities.
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Preparation for Patrol
Duty
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Equipment check
 Police uniform and badge,
 Weapons,
 Watch,
 Finances (including change for pay telephones),
 Flashlight, spare battery and bulbs
 Notebook with ample supply of blank leaf
 Updated list of criminal incident reports
 Current list of stolen and wanted vehicles
 Portable radio
 Other equipment as required
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Information Check
 Secure and review descriptions of missing
and wanted persons.
 Arrange any follow-up work from previous
shifts.
 Check with the officer being relieved for any
problems requiring your attention during the
shift.
 Check patrol area log for problem areas
requiring extra surveillance.
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Crime clock
 Is the most aggregate representation of unit

crime rate data, to convey the annual reported
crime experienced by showing a relative
frequency of transpiration of crime
incidents.
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Aerial boundaries
 Are “landmarks”, usually classified under

natural landmarks or man-made landmarks;
both are originally used to help navigation on
finding direction and/or determine area of
jurisdiction.
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Vital Installations
 Vital installations are those immovable
properties owned and controlled by the
government, including private
properties, such as schools, churches,
reservoirs, towers, resorts, irrigations,
malls, etc.
 Should be secured from bieng
attacked/harassed/destroyed by the
enemy.
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Friendly Forces
 Are those government agencies performing

law enforcement functions.
 A Police Officer must know the existence of
friendly forces in the area, and coordination
must be regularly encourage, to establish
smooth cooperation in combating
insurgency and criminal activities in the
area.
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Area Profiling
 Is the systematic
collection and analysis of
information about the
social and economic
condition of a particular
area that affects the
safety and security of its
constituents.
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Patrol deployment procedures

 It provide a detailed set of
instructions for the patrol
personnel to perform sequence
of actions that occur regularly
before, during or after the
patrol operations.
 Are done to ensure that patrol
personnel perform their tasks,
duties and responsibilities in
their respective areas within
their tour of duty.
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Hierarchy
 A body of persons organized or claassified
according to rank.
Authority
 Is the right to command and control the
behavior of employees in lower positions
within an organizational hierarchy, and has
also been defines as the power to grant or
withhold obedience.
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Spot Check/Accosting
 Is the brief stopping of an
individual, whether on foot or in
a vehicle, based on reasonable
suspicion / probable cause, for
the purpose of determining the
individual‟s identity of resolving
the officer‟s suspicion
concerning criminal activity.
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Arrest
 Is the taking of a
person into custody in
order that s/he may be
bound to answer for an
offense.
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Dragnet Operation
 Is a police operation sealing-off the

probable exit points of fleeing suspects from
the crime scene to prevent their escape and
effect arrest.
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First Responder
 Refers to a police officer who is first to arrive

at the crime scene to provide initial police
actions on the information or complaint
received.
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 Patrol Shift
 The working period of a group of patrol personnel
 Patrol Personnel
 Refers to both the Patrol Supervisor and Patrol
Officers
 Patrol Supervisor
 Responsible for the Patrol Officers and is directly
under the supervision of the Chief of Police
 Patrol Officer
 Personnel directly under the supervision of the Patrol
Supervisor
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Post deployment procedures
 Are done to account patrol personnel and

equipment and to consolidate the result of the
deployment.
 The feedback on operations will provide
important information for subsequent patrol
operations and related activities.
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 Patrol Coverage
 Refers to the area of operation of the Patrol Officers
divided into patrol sectors and patrol beats
 Patrol Duration
 Refers to the length of time of the patrol operations
 Patrol Route
 Identifies the possible routes that can be taken by the
Patrol Officers for the patrol operations
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Frequency of Patrols
 It refer to how often patrols are conducted in
the patrol sector and the patrol beat.
Patrol Shift
 Patrol operations are conducted daily in the
patrol sectors/beats.
 Depending on the available resources and the
peculiarity of the area of responsibility, patrol
operations are conducted in two (2) or three
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(3) shifts every day.
 Task
 A duty to be performed
 Response Time
 It refers to the time that elapsed from the moment that
a Police Officer received the call for assistance up to
the time that the police first responder arrived at the
scene
 Note:
 The Standard Response Time is five (5) minutes.
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Types of
Patrol
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Foot Patrol
 Is conducted by Police Officers in a buddy

system moving about in a beat area by foot.
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Sky Patrol
 The PNP Air Unit primarily uses aircraft to

provide aerial support to police units on the
ground through air surveillance or spotting
during pursuit operations against criminals.
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Waterborne Patrol
 Watercrafts are
used for law
enforcement,
search, rescue, and
security operations
in municipal waters
and inland
waterways.
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Mobile Patrol
 Is another form of patrol conducted through the

use of land-based conveyances such as:
 Police bicycles,
 Motorcycles,
 Motor vehicles, or
 Horses.
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FOOT PATROL
 Restricted to small areas and
is used to deal with special
situation while maintaining
radio contact with officers in
patrol car.
 It is used to secure 2 types of
police geographical units:
a. Post
b. Beat
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Types of Foot Patrol
 Fixed Foot Patrol

 Usually used for traffic direction, surveillance,
parades, and special events.
 Moving Foot Patrol
 Used where there is a considerable foot
movement.
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Advantages of Foot
Patrol
 Greater personal contact with the
public leading to increased
community support for the police.
 Greater opportunity to develop
sources of information
 High police visibility.
 Places not accessible by motor
vehicles are reached and patrolled
 Easy detection of criminal activities
 Easy discovery and familiarization
on the lay out the beat
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Disadvantages of Foot
Patrol
 Low mobility resulting to limited coverage of

the patrol area
 Low response to telephone complaints
 Foot patrol method involves a large number

of personnel, since officers are assigned on
small areas of jurisdiction called beats
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1-officer versus 2-officer
1 officer 2 officer
 More cost effective  Relatively expensive

(more cost effective in terms of
 More careful and more automobile car)
attentive to what is  Officer maybe distracted by
happening around conversation
 Limited observation  Twice the coverage and
observation
 Vulnerable for attack  Increased officer safety
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FEATURES OF STATE-OF-THE-ART PATROL CARS

1. Reflecting pressure
2. Vehicle-mounted T.V.
3. MDT
o Mobile Data Terminal
4. HELP
o High-Intensity Emergency
Lighting Plan
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Advantages
 High mobility allowing coverage of
greater area
 Quicker response to telephone
complaints.
 More economical as compared to
foot patrol
 More effective street pursuit of
offenders
 More effective traffic enforcement
 Provide an element of surprise,
especially
2/10/2018 when crime is in progress
…advantages and disadvantages
 Provide the officer

with necessary
protection during
increment weather
 Enable officers to
carry supplementary
equipment essential in
patrolling
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Disadvantages
 Diminish personal
contact with the public
 Little opportunity
sources of information
 Marked police
vehicles hampers
apprehension and
surveillance operation
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Reminders
 B  Break
 L  Light
 O  Oil
 W  Water
 B  Battery
 A  Air
 G
2/10/2018
 Gas
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Advantages of Bicycle
Patrol
 Lower cost to operate as compared to
motorcycle and automobiles
 Areas not accessible by patrol cars or
are too wide for foot patrol can be
covered by bicycle
 Increased mobility and stealth since
bicycle can be operated quietly and
without attracting too much attention
 Found to be highly effective in
combating theft, vandalism in residential
areas, parks, shopping malls, etc.
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…advantages
 Effectively used by plainclothes
men for surveillance in high
crime areas wherein officer
wearing nondescript clothes
could blend with the apparels
worn by the criminals
 “Green factor”
 Referring to their environmentally
friendly power source
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Disadvantage/s
 Bicycles leave the patrol officer extremely

vulnerable. Officer should have the proper safety
equipment and follow all basic practices while on
patrol
 Officer can‟t carry additional equipment necessary in
conducting patrol
 In an attempt to handcuff offender, Officer nearly
collapsed or fell as they started to run because of
the change in muscle groups from biking to running
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ADVANTAGES
 Speed and
maneuverability
 Greater access than
automobiles in some
areas and are best
suited to heavy traffic,
narrow alleys and
rugged terrain.
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Disadvantages
 Relatively high-cost to
operate
 Limited use in bad weather
 Inability to carry large
amount of equipment,
evidence or prisoners
 The danger involved in
riding them
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ADVANTAGES
 Low expenses
 Officer on horseback is more
effective at controlling a disorderly
crowd than the one on foot or in
any kind of vehicle.
 Mounted officer can see up to
three blocks away and cover more
territory than officers on patrol
 More acceptable than K-9s as
crowd control instruments.
 (one horse and a rider is equivalent
to a 10 foot patrol officer in crowd
control situation)
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ADVANTAGES
(FIXED-WING)
o Patrolling long stretch of

highway or expenses of
inaccessible land
o Excellent for traffic control
in long stretches of
highways, for search and
surveillance, and other
special missions.
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Disadvantages
(fixed-wing)
 Fixed-wing aircraft has very little flexibility in

congested metropolitan areas
 Needs a span of flat land for lift-off and
landing
 Very expensive to operate
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Comparison
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2/10/2018
Advantages (Helicopter)
 Able to travel at low speeds, to
hover if necessary, and to land
even in small patch of land.
 Increased visual range or scope
 More efficient for rescue, medical
evacuation, surveillance, and
other high profile police activities
 Improved response time to
emergency calls and other called-
for service
2/10/2018
…advantages (helicopter)
 Increased rate of apprehension

of professional and organized
crime groups
 Improved efficiency of regular
patrol units thru airborne
reconnaissance
 Increased ability in conducting
searches for missing/lost
people, suspected offenders
and escaping prisoner
 Provide a better system of
flood lighting areas to be
patrolled at night.
2/10/2018
…advantages (helicopter)
 Capable of broadcasting
information of a large area
thru airborne speakers
 Provide rapid transportation
of personnel
 Added security to patrol
officers on foot, motorcycles
or in patrol cars thru back-
up offered by aerial patrol.
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Disadvantages
(helicopter)
 Very expensive
 Public complaints about the noise and about being spied
upon
 Forcibly grounded during bad weather
 Smog and light or intermittent clouds affect visibility
 Presence of various hazards especially in congested
areas, such s high wires and smog
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…disadvantages (helicopter)
 There are landing pattern or

procedures that must be
followed, which delays landing
time
 Pilots must work shorter periods
of time than regular police
shifts since drivers of
helicopters easily suffer work
fatigues
2/10/2018
 There are many tactical

problems to overcome
such as locations of police
units on ground and the
exact location of
addresses.
 Elements of surprise is lost
since criminals could hear
helicopter coming even
from a great distance.
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Only in the Philippines
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WATER PATROL
 Extremely specialized and are

not in great use
 Advantages
− Best means to effectively
control violators of water
safety regulations as well as
to apprehend drug and gun
smugglers
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 Valuable in rescue
operations during times of
flooding as well as in
dragging operations for
drowning cases.
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…marine patrol
 Disadvantages
 P  Personal
− Expensive to buy,
 W  Water
operate and
 C  Craft maintain
− Special training of
those who operate
the
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Comparison
2/10/2018
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Advantages
 Provide great assistance in search and rescue

as well as in smelling drugs and bombs
 Provide protection for one-officer patrol.
 Great value in crowd control since properly
trained dogs:
a) Are virtually fearless and loyal to their handlers
b) Have a significant psychological effect on would-
be trouble makers
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…advantages (k-9)
 Extensively used in international airports to
detect narcotics and bombs because of their
keen sense of smell
 Specially trained dogs are extremely effective
in finding bodies-dead or alive, just buried or
buried for years
 Locating trapped people during emergencies
 Can be an asset to public relations effort.
2/10/2018
Disadvantages (k-9)
 Most police dogs works with only
one handler
 K-9 , like most dogs, is territorial,
and its handler and its k-9 cruiser
are part of its territory
 Dog training is expensive. Dog
training usually takes 10-12 weeks
 Police departments that initiates a
k-9 section is vulnerable to law
suits
2/10/2018
…disadvantages (k-9)
 Dog handlers get involved in

more violent confrontations
on the street than any other
officer.
 They work more night shifts
than most members, do
more call outs from home,
and spend literally hundreds
of off-duty hours caring and
training their k-9 partners
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 W  Wireless
 O  Operational
 L  Link and
 V  Video
 E  Exploration
 S  System
2/10/2018

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Angeles University Foundation

Post Deployment Procedure

Etymology of key terms

THE ROLE OF THE POLICE

 The primary law enforcement body of the

Two Types of Enforcement

IMPORTANCE OF THE PATROL FORCE

 Patrol operation is the most visible form of

 It is usually much more productive to have an

Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)

 Directed patrol use the police officer’s

 High Visibility Patrol

 Is the most aggregate representation of unit

 Are “landmarks”, usually classified under

 Are those government agencies performing

Patrol deployment procedures

 Is a police operation sealing-off the

 Refers to a police officer who is first to arrive

Post deployment procedures

 Are done to account patrol personnel and

 Is conducted by Police Officers in a buddy

 The PNP Air Unit primarily uses aircraft to

 Is another form of patrol conducted through the

Types of Foot Patrol

 Fixed Foot Patrol

 Low mobility resulting to limited coverage of

 Foot patrol method involves a large number

1-officer versus 2-officer

 More cost effective  Relatively expensive

FEATURES OF STATE-OF-THE-ART PATROL CARS

…advantages and disadvantages

 Provide the officer

 Bicycles leave the patrol officer extremely

o Patrolling long stretch of

 Fixed-wing aircraft has very little flexibility in

 Increased rate of apprehension

 There are landing pattern or

 There are many tactical

Only in the Philippines

 Extremely specialized and are

 Provide great assistance in search and rescue

 Dog handlers get involved in

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