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Rehabilitation in Sport

Rehabilitation is the restoration of optimal form (anatomy) and function


(physiology). It is a general term for the complex treatment of injuries and
illnesses.
Rehabilitation aims to restore the highest possible degree of functionality in the
shortest possible time and should be directed to the prevention of injury
recurrence.
It focuses on the whole person, not only the damage and it has active and
passive components.

Rehabilitation from sport injury involves not only physical, but psychological
considerations.
Rehabilitation is the process to regain full function following injury. It involves
restoring strength, flexibility, endurance and power.
It is achieved through various exercises and drills.

The aim of a rehabilitation program is to regain pre-injury levels in all aspects


of physical fitness. A full rehabilitation and strengthening program is essential
to ensure full recovery and in order to prevent re-injuries.

Musculoskeletal injuries are an inevitable result of sport participation. Football


has the highest incidence of catastrophic injuries, with gymnastics and ice
hockey close behind. Tissue injury from sports can be classified as
macrotraumatic and microtraumatic.
Macrotraumatic injuries are usually due to a strong force – such as a fall,
accident, collision or laceration – and are more common in contact sports such
as football and rugby.
Microtraumatic injuries are chronic injuries that result from overuse of a
structure such as a muscle, joint, ligament, or tendon. This type of injury is
more common in sports such as swimming, cycling and rowing.

Regardless of the type of sports injury, the principles of rehabilitation are often
the same. Principles are the foundation upon which rehabilitation is based. Here
are seven principles of rehabilitation ATC IS IT:
A: Avoid aggravation- It is important not to aggravate the injury during the
rehabilitation process.
T: Timing- The therapeutic exercise portion of the rehabilitation program
should begin as soon as possible—that is, as soon as it can occur without
causing aggravation.
C: Compliance- To ensure compliance, it is important to inform the patient of
the content of the program and the expected course of rehabilitation.
I: Individualization- Each person responds differently to an injury and to the
subsequent rehabilitation program.
S: Specific sequencing- A therapeutic exercise program should follow a
specific sequence of events. This specific sequence is determined by the body’s
physiological healing response.
I: Intensity- The intensity level of the therapeutic exercise program must
challenge the patient and the injured area but at the same time must not cause
aggravation.
T: Total patient- It must be considered the total patient in the rehabilitation
process. It is important for the unaffected areas of the body to stay finely tuned.
The whole body must be the focus of the rehabilitation program, not just the
injured area.

Besides is important to understand that everyone is different and will respond to


different exercises and treatment regimes at different rates. The process of
rehabilitation should start as early as possible after an injury

Rehabilitation programs should aim to restore muscle strength, endurance and


power, improve flexiblity, priorioception and balance as well as more sports
specific or functional exercises.
Rehabilitation exercises should begin as soon as possible (after the initial
inflammatory phase – 72 hours)

Sports rehabilitator should provide social support and encourage positive


beliefs and should educate athletes about their injuries and rehabilitation and in
addition, coping with pain and setting short-term goals.

Guidelines for return to sport after injury


· acute signs and symptoms have passed
· full functional use of all joints, adequate strength and proprioception to
perform tasks
· normal mechanics of movement
· successful performance of sport specific activities at or above pre-injury level

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