Sampling Designs

•Probability Sampling
These sampling techniques make use of the “chance
The Sample size (n) process” in selecting the sample of the study.

Sloven’s Formula: •Non-probability Sampling

These sampling techniques do not make use of the
N “chance process” in selecting the sample of the
study.
n =
1  Ne 2
Probability Sampling
where: •Random Sampling
N = is the population size
e = is the margin of error usually •Systematic Sampling
0.01 or 0.05 •Cluster Sampling
Example:
•Stratified Random Sampling
If: N = 1,000 pupils from an elementary Random Sampling
school in Sampaloc District Every member of the population is given an equal
e = 0.05 margin of error chance of being selected.
1,000 The simplest (basic) method of random sampling is
sample size (n) = by LOTTERY
1 + 1,000 (0.05)2
Systematic Sampling
n = 1,000
3.5
•If the objects or individuals are arranged in some
ways such as alphabetical or numerical, a random
n = 285.7  286 pupils
starting point can be selected and then every kth
element encountered thereafter becomes a sample.
Sampling Technique

The process of selecting a representative of the •When the bottom of the list is reached, the
population in which everyone in the population is counting is continued at the top.
given a chance to become a member of the sample.
Example:
1. Sampling error The list of 550 Nurse board passers is numbered in
May be committed in the actual choosing of the order and they are to be used in a study:
sample
The steps in systematic sampling process are a
Example: follows:
Small size of the sample
1. Compute n using Sloven’s formula
2. Non-sampling error ( use e = 0.05)
May be committed due to outside factors not related
to sampling. It includes all kinds of “human errors” N 550
n = =
Example:
1  Ne 2 1  5500.05
2

Malfunctions of the instruments used in

measurements and computation n = 232 board passers

Kinds of Sampling
2. The kth interval will be found by the formula
Determine n and the number of proportional
k = N / n. sample for each of the four cities.

Table 1
k = N = 550 = 2.37  2 The Number of Students Who Took the NSAT in
n 232 the Four Cities in Metro Manila

3. A random number is to be selected from the Population

random number table or the calculator. CITY Size
Manila 150,000
Quezon City 120,000
If the random number 25 is selected, whoever is
Pasay City 40,000
board passer number 25 is the 1st sample and from
Caloocan City 90,000
number 25 to 550 every 2nd name will be taken as a
N = 400,000
sample.

Cluster Sampling
Step 1 : Compute the percentage
This is sometimes referred to as “area sampling”
because the population is spread out over a wide
Table 2
area.
The Number of Students Who Took the NSAT in
the Four Cities in Metro Manila
Here the population is subdivided into groups
(clusters). Population Decimal
CITY Size Percent
Example: Manila 150,000 0.375
Suppose the Dean of SDA wants to know the Quezon City 120,000 0.3
perception of members of the different student Pasay City 40,000 0.1
organizations about a certain school regulation. Caloocan City 90,000 0.225
N = 400,000
He can use a cluster sample by interviewing some
or all of the members of selected student Sample computation:
organization.
Decimal % = 150,000 = 0.375
Stratified Random Sampling 400,000
This is used for research work of population which Step 2. Compute n .
is composed of several categories or strata.
N = 400,000 high students
For each of these strata, the sample size will be e = 0.01 margin of error
drawn proportionately.
N
Random sampling may be applied to each stratum sample size (n) =
to choose the individual sample for the study. 1 + Ne2

Example: 400,000
A study is conducted to 400,000 high school seniors n =
who took the NSAT in the four (4) cities of Metro 1 + 400,000 (0.01)2
Manila namely: Caloocan City, Manila, Pasay City,
and Quezon City. n = 9,756 students

The distribution of students from each city was

known and shown in Table 1.
Step 3 : Compute sample size for the four cities.

Table 3
The Number of Students Who Took the NSAT in
the Four Cities in Metro Manila

CITY Population Size Decimal Percent Sample Size

Manila 150,000 0.375 (9,756) (0.375) = 3,658
Quezon City 120,000 0.300 (9,756) (0.300) = 2,927
Pasay City 40,000 0.100 (9,756) (0.100) = 976
Caloocan City 90,000 0.225 (9,756) ( 0.225) = 2,195
N = 400,000 n = 9756

Non - Probability Sampling 3. Quota Sampling

•Convenience Sampling Selection is done according to pre-determined
quotas.
•Purposive Sampling
•Quota Sampling Each person gathering observations is given a
specified number of elements to sample.
1. Convenience Sampling The decision as to whom to interview is usually left
Available individuals are used in the study. to the discretion of the interviewer.
Example:
References:
A teacher who will use one section under her
tutelage as the object of her study.
Basic Statistics
Raymond Ang, Lota Billones, Wilma Dechavez, &
2. Purposive Sampling
Aileen Diansuy
Deliberate selection of individuals is done for the
study. The researcher is allowed to use his own
Elementary Statistics: A Modern Approach
discretion as to which individuals will fit the
Priscilla Altares, Antonio Roland I. Copo, Yonardo
requirements or the purpose of the study.
Gabuyo, Angeline T. Laddaran, Leila Mejia,
Immaculata Policarpio, Evangeline Agueda Sy,
Example:
Helen Tizon, & Ana Maria Yao
Consider the research on “The Lifestyle of Filipino
Women Married to Asian Men”.
Statistics
Only Filipino women who are married to men from
Rosita De Guzman Santos, Teofilo de Guzman,
Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, etc. can be considered as
Athena Ungriano, & Erna Yabut
sample to this study.