1

Resettlement Planning Document

Updated Resettlement Plan

JULY 2013

India: Kolkata Environmental Improvement

Supplementary Financing

Prepared by Kolkata Municipal Corporation

The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily
represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
 2

Executive Summary

Kolkata Environmental Improvement project (KEIP), a joint effort of Government of India,

Government of West Bengal, Kolkata Municipal Corporation and Asian Development Bank,
aimed to arrest environmental degradation and improve quality of life in the city of Kolkata. The
loan agreement for KEIP (1813 IND) was signed on 18 December 2001 and the loan became
effective from 16 April 2002. The supplementary loan agreement (2293 IND) was signed on 21
February 2007 and became effective from 1 June 2007. The loan was scheduled for closure on
31 Dec 2010, but was extended twice up to June 30 2013. The Project initially had the following
components: (i) Part A: stakeholder consultation program; (ii) Part B: sewerage and drainage
(S&D) improvements; (iii) Part C: solid waste management; (iv) Part D: slum improvements;
(v) Part E: canal improvements; and (vi) Part F: implementation assistance and capacity
building. Of the above-mentioned components, the majority of the permanent resettlement
impacts were due to the canal improvement works.

This Resettlement Plan (RP), updated at the time of loan closure in June 2013, contains the
following changes as compared to the updated RP of 2006:
- One project component was dropped from the scope;
- Location of land for resettlement sites;
- Land requirements for sewerage and drainage works;
- Design changes with regard to canal improvement works;
- Inclusion of previously separately approved short resettlement plan dated February 2010
regarding Padirhati pumping station subproject;
- Number of affected families.
No changes have been made with regard to the entitlements in the entitlement matrix.

During the process of updating this RP, a status report has been prepared and a subsequent
action plan has been agreed, with defined responsibilities and time frames, to enable the project
to complete the resettlement process after closure of the ADB loan.

Component dropped from scope. Part C, Solid waste management, was dropped from the
scope. This component is now removed from the RP.

Location of land for resettlement sites. Regarding relocation site distance, the 2006 RP
mentions that all relocation sites will be within 2.5 km distance of the original settlements; thus
ensuring that APs can continue to remain near their sources of livelihoods and thus saved from
total disruption to their lives. However, though the Project made every effort, it was difficult to
identify suitable government land that matched the distance criterion at all locations. Hence,
while the distance to resettlement sites ranges between 0.1 – 3.8 kilometers for a majority of
canal locations, one resettlement site is located 12.5 kilometers away.

Land requirements for sewerage and drainage works. In case of Component B, the 2006 RP
mentioned as the land requirement 2.58 hectares for sewage pumping stations, all on
government land. This has changed: 1.044 acres land is required for sewage pumping stations,
of which 0.81 acres was government land while 0.0.234 acres were acquired from private
owners. 1 Sewage treatment plant works were proposed/undertaken within existing facility

1
Eight drainage pumping stations originally proposed were dropped from the Project based on revised project
design.
 3

premises. Component B was also anticipated to result in temporary impacts during construction
of trunk sewer lines.

Design changes with regard to canal improvement works. For Component E, 77.31
kilometers of canals were proposed for improvement in 2006 of which about 62.5 kilometers
was undertaken. In addition, 68.93 kilometers of channels for East Kolkata Wetlands, passing
through uninhabited area were proposed for rehabilitation, without any anticipated IR impacts.
Resettlement impacts on significant numbers of canal bank families (identified as 3326 in 2006
and later revised to 2880 families) were identified. Land requirement for resettlement was
initially identified as 19.07 acres, which stands reduced to 16.963 acres.

Inclusion of previously separately approved short resettlement plan regarding Padirhati

pumping station subproject. During the course of the works, the survey and assessment
found that this resulted in some degree of resettlement impact. The objective of this subproject
was to install a combined pumping station at Padirhati where waste water from sewerage
running along Santoshpur Road and Ramdas Hati Road will flow into. 0.0887 Ha of area was
required for installation of the proposed pumping station. Based on the census undertaken in
December, 2009 it was estimated that 28 households will be affected by the subproject, of
which 15 households will lose vacant land. The remaining 13 households would be temporarily
affected due to loss of access- to their shops during installation of the pumping station. The
number of total affected persons (AP) as derived from 28 surveyed households is 187.

Number of affected families. The number of affected families declined from 3,626 in year 2000
to 3,365 in the year 2006. The reduction in 261 affected households was effected through
design changes that helped avoid resettlement impacts. In 2011, the number of affected families
further reduced to 3067, as 298 families were unwilling to relocate to the newly constructed flats.
The project authority undertook desilting of stretches of canals without relocating unwilling card-
holders or causing any damage to their properties. By 2012, allotment of 2,880 flats was
completed. In May 2013 the remaining 187 card-holders were surveyed to ascertain their
willingness to relocate. Barring 31 families that could not be traced, all 156 families indicated a
lack of willingness to relocate – 97 due to potential livelihood loss and the remaining due to
provision of legal water and electricity connections to their residences by the concerned
authorities. Works have been completed without the need for their resettlement. Adding the 28
affected families from the Padirhati pumping station, the total affected families stands now at
(2880 + 28 =) 2908 affected families.

No changes in entitlements. The entitlements in the Matrix remain unchanged. One change is
made compared to the 2006 RP: the entitlements for solid waste management component are
deleted, as it is dropped from the scope.

Entitlement Matrix2
Type of Loss Application Definition of Compensation Policy
Entitled Person
Canal Improvement Works
1 Loss of Loss of Encroacher/ 1. Provision of 190 square foot Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana
structure residential squatter (VAMBAY) flat with connections to basic urban services
structure household head (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year
non-resalable lease.

2
Provisions of the 2006 Entitlement Matrix for canal improvement works, which involved the maximum IR
impacts are used in the assessment of resettlement implementation in this RP.
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Type of Loss Application Definition of Compensation Policy

Entitled Person
2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300
3. Exemption from any registration costs, and other fees related
to moving into VAMBAY flats.
4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable households
(item 4).
2 Loss of Loss of Encroacher/squa 1. Provision of 100 square foot shops which will form part of the
3
structure commercial tter business VAMBAY complex provided to AP with the condition that
structure operator employee(s) if any will be retained.
2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300
3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees related
to shops.
4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable households
(item 4).
3 Loss of Loss of Encroacher/ 1. Provision of 190 square foot ground floor VAMBAY flat with
structure residential squatter connections to basic urban services (water supply, electricity,
cum household head and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease on the
commercial condition that employee(s) if any will be retained.
structure 2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300
3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees related
to moving into VAMBAY flats.
4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable households
(item 4).
4 Impacts on Loss of Households 1. Provision of ground floor VAMBAY flats which has commercial
highly structure headed by possibilities.
vulnerable females, the 2. Livelihood training.
APs elderly (over 65) 3. Priority in allocation of land for social forestry and
or handicapped, vegetable/crop production along canal banks.
and BPL
households. 1. Schooling based on National Policy.
2. Implementing a plan of action for rehabilitation co-developed
Child laborers with UNICEF, Save the Children, NGOs and CBOs.
3. Gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child
laborers into the educational stream.
5 Loss of Loss of Community 1. Replacement of affected schools.
Community access to 2. Community sheds in the VAMBAY complex will be provided for
Structures community activities such as community meetings, recreational activities,
structures meetings of the user groups, and vocational trainings.
3. Salvaging of materials for reuse or sale by the community
organization allowed.
Sewerage and Drainage
6 Temporary Temporary Legal owner(s), 1. 60 days advance notice including a repeat notification 30 days
loss of loss of tenant(s), in advance, notification through loudspeakers 7 days in
access access to leaseholder(s), advance, and notification through Cable Network 3 days in
land, encroacher(s), advance
structure, or squatter(s) 2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across trenches)
utilities, where possible and traffic management to ensure access is
common maintained
property 3. Restoration of affected land, structure, utilities, common
resource property resource
7 Temporary Temporary Business 1. 60 days advance notice including a repeat notification 30 days
loss of loss of owner(s), in advance, notification through loudspeakers 7 days in
livelihood livelihood/sou tenant(s), advance, and notification through Cable Network 3 days in
rce of income leaseholder(s), advance
employee(s), 2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across trenches)
hawker(s)/vendo where possible and traffic management to ensure access is
rs(s) maintained
3. Provision of alternative sites in the vicinity for continued
economic activity/ or compensation of lost income
4. Restoration of affected land, structure, utilities, common
property resource

3
Shops abutting the residential structures were proposed.
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Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

AP Affected Person
BME Benefit Monitoring and Evaluation
CBO Community-based Organization
CRG Canal Resettlement Group
EA Executing Agency
GoI Government of India
GoWB Government of West Bengal
IA Implementing Agency
IWD Irrigation and Waterways Department
KEIP Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project
KMC Kolkata Municipal Corporation
KMDA Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
LAA Land Acquisition Act
NGO Non-government Organization
PMC Project Management Consultant
PMU Project Management Unit
PRC Project Review Committee
RP Resettlement Plan
SDU Social Development Unit
SRP Short Resettlement Plan
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Table of contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 2
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 5
I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 7
A. Project Background...................................................................................................... 7
B. Project Physical and Design Changes ......................................................................... 8
C. Updated Resettlement Plan ......................................................................................... 9

II. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement ....................................................................11

A. Scope of Land Acquisition...........................................................................................11
B. Minimizing Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts ..............................................11
C. Resettlement Impacts .................................................................................................13

III. Socioeconomic Information ...............................................................................................16

A. Census .......................................................................................................................16
B. Common Property Resources .....................................................................................18
C. Vulnerable Groups ......................................................................................................19

IV. Objectives, Policy Framework, and Entitlements ............................................................20

A. Objectives ...................................................................................................................20
B. Policy Framework .......................................................................................................20
C. Entitlements ................................................................................................................21

V. Consultation and Grievance Redress Participation ............................................................23

A. Consultations ..............................................................................................................23
B. Grievance Redress .....................................................................................................28

VI. Relocation and Income Restoration ................................................................................29

A. Relocation of Housing and Settlements ......................................................................29
B. Income Improvement Activities ...................................................................................32
C. Insurance ....................................................................................................................33

VII. Institutional Framework ..................................................................................................34

VIII. Resettlement Budget and Financing ...............................................................................37
A. Resettlement Costs.....................................................................................................37
B. Resettlement Budget versus Actual Expenditure (Canal improvements only) .............38

APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN (2000) ......................................................41

APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN (2006) ......................................................44
APPENDIX 3: EXPLANATION OF WHY NO RESETTLEMENT IS REQUIRED........................49
APPENDIX 4: FAMILY-WISE DETAILS OF RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION .................55
APPENDIX 5: LIST OF AFFECTED FAMILIES AT PADIRHATI PUMPING STATION ............112
APPENDIX 6: ABSTRACT OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS IN PADIRHATI..............114
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I. Introduction

A. Project Background

1. Kolkata Environmental Improvement project (KEIP), a joint effort of Government of India,

Government of West Bengal, Kolkata Municipal Corporation and Asian Development Bank,
aimed to arrest environmental degradation and improve quality of life in the city of Kolkata. The
loan agreement for KEIP (1813 IND) was signed on 18 December 2001 and the loan became
effective from 16 April 2002. The supplementary loan agreement (2293 IND) was signed on 21
February 2007 and became effective from 1 June 2007. The loan was scheduled for closure on
31 Dec 2010, but was extended twice, up to June 30 2013.

2. The stated objectives of the project were to revamp and upgrade the city’s sewerage
and drainage system, restore its canals choked with silt, evolve an efficient solid waste
management system, provide affordable access to basic urban services in slums, improve
recreation facilities in parks and water bodies, and raising standards of KMC’s delivery of
services through a capacity building program. In line with these objectives, the Project initially
had the following components, as described in the revised 2006 RP: (i) Part A: stakeholder
consultation program; (ii) Part B: sewerage and drainage (S&D) improvements; (iii) Part C: solid
waste management; (iv) Part D: slum improvements; (v) Part E: canal improvements; and
(vi) Part F: implementation assistance and capacity building. Part C: solid waste management
was subsequently dropped because the proposed landfill site was in the East Kolkata Wetlands.
This change is reflected in current update of the RP. In parallel, a Department for International
Development (DFID) grant supported modernization and strengthening of the Kolkata Municipal
Corporation (KMC). The Project area comprised Boroughs I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, VII and XV for
part B, while physical works under parts A, D, E and F covered different boroughs of KMC. Of
the above-mentioned components, the majority of the permanent resettlement impacts were
due to the canal improvement works.

3. Resettlement Plans (RP) were prepared/revised in tandem with each major milestone of
the project, with the first RP prepared at time of loan processing in year 2000. The RP for the
Project was revised in 2006, when supplementary financing was being processed to address (i)
cost overruns, (ii) price escalation, (iii) cost increases due to physical and design changes, and
(iv) cost underestimates.4 In February 2010, a separate short resettlement plan (SRP) has been
approved concerning the resettlement impacts of the Padirhati pumping station.

4. Since the Project involved large-scale and complex resettlement, ADB and KEIP
recognized the need for due diligence on RP implementation and updation of the RP at the time
of loan closure (June 2013) to reflect the changes in scope, design and in number of affected
people since 2006. This report presents the updated Resettlement Plan, reflecting the actual
scope of resettlement at the time of loan closure (June 2013). Furthermore, the resettlement
status was assessed and an Action Plan agreed to ensure closure of pending issues pertaining
to resettlement implementation .

4
KMC 2006. Updated Resettlement Plan. India: Kolkata Environmental Project (Supplementary Financing). Kolkata
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B. Project Physical and Design Changes

5. Canal Improvements. Under the original design, 52.60 kilometers (km) of canals were
to be improved. Design changes during implementation resulted in a revised length of 62.455
Km. The most significant change was in T.P. and Keorapukur Canals (Table 1). 5

Table 1: Original and Revised Canal Improvement Length (Km)

Canal System Original Length Revised Length, Revised length, Reduction/addition
2006 March, 2013
T.P 9 34.048 27.28 -6.768
Keorapukur 9 1.148 1.065 -.0.083
Monikhali and 10.6 14.565 11.54 -3.025
Begore
Churial 24.0 27.545 22.57 -4.975
Total 52.6 77.306 62.455 -14.851

6. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. Several design changes were made in this
component. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) were dropped and rehabilitation of one STP was
included in the Project. Drainage pumping stations were also dropped from the project scope.
The component was anticipated to result in temporary resettlement impacts, especially during
laying of trunk sewers.

7. Solid Waste Management. This component has been dropped from the project as the
site previously identified was in the East Kolkata Wetlands and no other suitable site could be
identified. Therefore this component is removed from the 2013 revised resettlement plan.

8. Based on the changes, the Project components are briefly described as follows:

(i) Stakeholder Consultation Program. The stakeholder consultation program (SCP)

consisted of promotion of stakeholder involvement in the Project through (i) education
programs for communities about environmental sanitation and health linkages; (ii) and
consultations with Project beneficiaries about Project operations and community benefits
and responsibilities as a result of the Project, including design, implementation and
operation and maintenance. The SCP was designed to ensure stakeholder awareness,
participation, and education with respect to the implementation and management of the
Project facilities.

(ii) Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. The component included: (i) installation of
approximately 375.8 km of new lines where drainage and sewerage network did not
exist; (ii) renovation and desilting of approximately 254.8 of existing sewers and drains;
(iii) construction of new pumping stations for channeling the additional flow; (iv)
construction of 19 out of 21 new pumping stations completed and
augmentation/rehabilitation of 20 existing pumping stations for channeling the dry water
flow (DWF) and storm water flow (SWF); and (v) disposal of wastewater from Borough
VII, parts of Borough XI and Borough XII, into the DWF channel. The component also
included rehabilitation works in 16 small water bodies and parks. These works were

5
In addition, 68.93 kilometers of channels for East Kolkata Wetlands, passing through uninhabited area were
proposed for rehabilitation, without any anticipated IR impacts.
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minor in nature and mainly comprised beautification and upgrading of the environmental
quality of the concerned parks and water bodies (including fencing and paving of play
areas), which were in various stages of decay due to inadequate upkeep at the time of
project identification/preparation.

(iii) Slum Improvement. The component aimed to improve the living conditions and
productivity of low-income communities throughout the KMC area. It supported the
improvement of infrastructure and the enhancement of environmental services, including
water supply, sewerage and wastewater management, drainage, and solid waste
management. Under this component the following sub-components were proposed: (i)
construction of 8,600 water standposts, (ii) construction/upgrading of 4,200 sanitary
latrines, (iii) construction/upgrading of 700 community latrines, (iv) construction of 280
washing/bathing platforms, (v) realignment or widening of 28 km of drains, (vi) provision
of 222 solid waste containers, and (vii) improvement/paving of 178,000 square meters
(m2) of open public space.

(iv) Canal Improvements. Canal improvement works were proposed in parts of the T-P
Basin, Keorapukur Basin, Churial Basin, and Monikhali Basin, including desilting and
lining of canals. The component included construction of 52 bridges over the
rehabilitated canals, and resettlement of 2,880 households canal bank dwellers in flats
under the VAMBAY scheme and BSUP.6 This component also included the construction
of 4 pumping stations to handle the additional SWF flow at Chowbhaga, Keorapukur,
Manikhali and Gushighata.

(v) Institutional Development and Capacity Building. The Project provided assistance to
KMC under the Capacity Building Program funded by DFID, in developing the
institutional capacity of KMC. This involves mainstreaming of management and
geographical information systems, computerization of accounts and records, training of
line department staff, and assisting in project implementation.

C. Updated Resettlement Plan

9. A resettlement plan (RP) was first prepared in November 2000. A summary of the 2000
RP is in Appendix 1. An assessment of the status and progress of project implementation in
2006 showed that for all land-intensive components requiring resettlement, e.g.: (i) canal
improvements, (ii) sewerage and drainage improvement—progress had been slow. Appendix 2
provides a summary of the RP prepared in 2006, consistent with ADB’s Policy on Involuntary
Resettlement (1995). In February 2010, a separate short resettlement plan (SRP) was approved
concerning the resettlement impacts of the Padirhati pumping station. In this subproject 28
households were affected: 15 households would lose their vacant land and the remaining 13

6
Valmiki Ambedkar Shari Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) launched in 2001, was Government of India’s housing scheme for
the urban poor at the time of RP preparation, which continued for a few initial years of implementation. The
scheme was later subsumed under a new scheme of Government of India, Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP)
in 2005. The BSUP scheme aims at integrated development of slums/low income settlements, with housing and
infrastructure development. BSUP guidelines require 10% of central and state funds released to be recovered and
ploughed back into a revolving fund, which is to be used for operation and maintenance. Marking a departure from
traditional schemes like VAMBAY, BSUP is also reform-oriented and requires internal earmarking within ULB
budgets for urban poor, and allocation of 20-25% land under all housing projects, for the urban poor.
http://mhupa.gov.in. Majority of the flats constructed under KEIP were BSUP flats.
 10

households would be temporarily affected due to loss of access- to their shops during
installation of the pumping station.

10. This 2013 updated RP takes into account the changes in scope, design and the changed
resettlement impacts since 2006. It includes the relevant information from the separately
approved SRP. The parallel evaluation report concludes on the status of resettlement
implementation at the time of loan closure and recommends an action plan to ensure
achievement of resettlement implementation in line with applicable ADB policy. The 2013
Updated RP is based on data from verification surveys of affected persons, field visits and
discussions with stakeholders, including APs and project staff.
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II. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement

A. Scope of Land Acquisition

11. Land acquisition status of various components including canal improvements and
sewerage and drainage improvement is summarized in Table 2. This included transfer of 64.833
acres of government land, of which 64.033 acres was transferred from Kolkata Metropolitan
Development Authority and another 0.81 acres was land belonging to Government of West
Bengal; and purchase of 0.234 acres of private land.

12. Canal Improvements. Land requirement along all canals was initially identified for the
Project. An estimated 3-10 meters on both sides of the proposed canals were identified for
improvement works. The canals are Government property and settlements had formed on these
government lands. The RP 2006 recognised that there would be no land acquisition, but APs in
canal bank settlements requiring relocation would need to be compensated.

13. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. Government land was identified for sewage
pumping stations, which required interdepartmental transfers In 2006, land requirement for
sewerage and drainage was pegged at 17.577 ha (43.59 acres). Updated land
requirement/acquisition status as on June 2013 is indicated in Table 2.

Table 2: Updated Land Acquisition Status for Sewerage and Drainage

Project Purpose Area (Acre) Location Owner
Component
Sewerage and Sewage 64.023 Dhalipara KMC (from
Drainage Treatment Plant Keorapukur KMDA)
(South Suburban
East)
S & D Pumping 0.41 Punja sahapur KMC from Go WB.
Stations 0.014 Siriti (ward- KMC (purchased from
113) Mr. B. Adhikari)
0.40 Nayabad KMC (From GoWB.)
0.22 Padirhati KMC (negotiated
purchase of private land
through Maheshtala
Municipality.)
Total 65.067
Note: 1 Ha = 2.48 acres.
The RP 2006 indicated a requirement for 17.577 ha of land for sewerage and drainage component, while the
requirement for solid waste management component was indicated as 60 hectares; the latter was subsequently
dropped from the project.

B. Minimizing Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts

14. Consistent with ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995), one of the key tenets
of the project was to cause the least possible disruption to project area population.
Changes conceived in project design in 2006 and those identified later during project
implementation reflect this. The 2006 RP noted that canal improvements would affect the most
number of persons among the Project’s components.
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15. In Kolkata, drainage canals banks have traditionally served as sites for location of
informal settlements.. Migration from rural areas has largely filled canal banks with settlements.
Nearby residents have also shifted to canal banks to escape rental charges. People in canal
bank settlements do not have title to the land occupied by them.7

16. Design changes avoided densely populated canal tracts. For example, in the case of the
Keorapukur canal, canal improvement was reduced from 9 km to 1.065 km. In the case of the
Churial canal, the same objective of avoiding a thickly populated settlement was achieved
through a slight diversion through the Churial Extension canal that involved a decrease in the
canal length from 24 km to 22.57 km.

17. The total number of affected persons has changed as a result of two factors: (a) design
changes to avoid resettlement, and (b) lack of willingness of affected persons to relocate to the
resettlement sites. Since the project treated ‘family’ as a unit for compensation, this section
presents reasons for fluctuations in the number of affected families:

18. Between the RP 2000 and RP 2006, the increase in the number of affected households
from 3507 to 3626 was due to the increase in canals and canal lengths to be improved which
was expected to increase project coverage. Design changes increased the length of canals to
be improved from 52.60 km to 77.306 km. As a result, the number of affected households
(persons) increased from 3,507 (11,547) to 3,626 (16,317).

19. The number of affected families declined from 3626 in year 2000 to 3365 in the year
2006. The reduction in 261 affected households was effected through design changes that
helped avoid resettlement impacts on 164 commercial structures at Monikhali and 67 residential
structures at Churial and TP Basin.

20. In 2011, the number of affected families further reduced to 3067, as 298 families were
unwilling to relocate to the newly constructed flats. The project authority undertook desilting of
stretches of canals without relocating unwilling card-holders and did not cause any damage to
their properties.

21. By 2012, allotment of 2880 flats was completed. In May 2013, the remaining 187 card-
holders were surveyed to ascertain their willingness to relocate. The survey revealed that out of
187: (a) 50 shopkeepers in the Monikhali system did not wish to relocate due to potential loss of
livelihood; (b) 31 card-holders could not be found as they had moved to locations unknown by
local communities; (c) 63 families of Jamunanangar (C2 C3 Canal in the T.P Basin System) did
not wish to move as they have already constructed permanent/semi-permanent houses on
canal banks with legal water supply and electricity connections from KMC and CESC
respectively; and (d) another 43 in Suti Mukundapur (T.P Basin System) indicated lack of
willingness to shift due to potential loss of livelihood/employment in a large commercial complex
that has come up in the vicinity. All 156 of the 187 families identified through the survey gave in
writing that they did not wish to relocate. Table 3 presents details of changes in the number of
affected families over the project period.

7
Settlements in some places extend to berm and even slide slopes almost to the low waterline of the canal.
The disposal of solid waste and wastewater has caused siltation, eutrophication, and clogging of canals. Constricted
flow leads to overflow of polluted water into streets and residential areas. Desiltation of the canals is difficult when
there is no space on the canal banks to dump silt.
 13

Table 3: Affected Households and Persons due to the canal improvement works (RP 2000,
Revised RP 2006, Revised RP 2013)
Sl Canal 2000 2000 2006 2006 2013 2013
No Affected Affected
Affected Affected Affected Affected Households Persons
Households Persons Households Persons
1 - TP Main 704 2,295 555 2,455 2,320 10370
- Intercepting TP 1,612 6,189 1,555 6,988
- Lead Canal EE1 Minor 18 75 18 81
(Indira Nagar) TP - - 190 843
- Lead DD1 (Maduraha) - - 350 1,569
TP
- Additional Canals:
Guniagachi, Ajay Nagar,
Suti, Jamunagar, Survey
Park TP)
2 Keorapukur 397 612 43 184 79 338
3 Monikhali-Jinjra 449 1,233 510 2,284 270 1215
4 Churial Main 327 1,145 327 1,471 211 949
Churial Extension 18 78
5 Bridge Sites on TP, - - 60 366 - -
Monikhali and Churial
Total 3,507 11,549 3,626 16,317 2880 12,872

22. Next to the above mentioned canal improvement works, the sewerage and drainage
component could potentially lead to resettlement impacts. Rehabilitation work for the STP was
undertaken within the existing premises and did not require land acquisition. New STPs
originally planned for construction under the Project were dropped from project scope as a
result of findings of the environmental assessment. New construction for sewage pumping
stations was undertaken on vacant 0.41 acreas and 0.40 acres of Government land at Punja
Sahapur and Nayabad, respectively. Private land acquisition was minimized to 0.014 acres of
vacant land at Sinti and 0.22 acres at Padirhati; for the latter (Padirhati), a short resettlement
plan (SRP) was prepared. 8 Temporary impacts due to sewerage and drainage networks
including income losses due to laying of trunk sewers were anticipated.9

23. Since the 2006 RP, there has been one exception were the project could not avoid
resettlement. In February 2010, a separate short resettlement plan (SRP) has been approved
concerning the resettlement impacts of the Padirhati pumping station. The land requirements for
this subproject, 0.0887 hectares of private land, resulted in 28 affected households: 15
households would lose their vacant land and the remaining 13 households would be
temporarily affected due to loss of access- to their shops during installation of the pumping
station. The number of total affected persons (AP) was surveyed as 187.

C. Resettlement Impacts

24. Canal Improvements. In June 2013 it can be concluded that 2880 families with around
12872 persons (with an almost equal number of males and females) living in 86 settlements
have been affected by canal improvement works. APs were proposed to be permanently

8
Since vacant land was acquired at Sinti, there were no resettlement impacts.
9
Though temporary impacts of trunk sewer laying were anticipated, adequate care was taken during implementation
to avoid such losses, as per information provided by the project office.
 14

relocated close to their original homes, compensated, and assisted prior to the start of canal
improvement works. Tables 4 and 5 provide details on APs.

Table 4: Canal improvements: Affected Settlements, Households, and Affected Persons

by Canal Location
S. Canal Length in Number of Affected Affected Affected Affected
No. Km Settlements households persons persons persons
(approx.)* (Male) (Female)
1 TP Main
Intercepting
TP
Lead Canal
EE1 Minor
(Indira
Nagar) TP
Lead DD1
(Maduraha)
TP 27.275 51 2320 10370 5382 4988
Additional
canals:
Guniagachi,
Ajay Nagar,
Suti,
Jamunanagar
Survey Park
TP

2 Keorapukur 1.065 08 79 338 177 161

TP
3 Monikhali- 11.538 17 270 1215 631 584
Jinjra
4 Churial Main 22.566 10 211 949 493 456
Churial
Extension
Total 66.444 86 2880 12872 6683 6189
*Note: The number of affected persons is approximate as family sizes are expected to have changed over the years.

Table 5: Canal improvements: Affected Households, Persons, Residences, and Shops

Canal Total Total Total Total Total
affected affected affected affected affected
households persons residences shops shops cum
(approx.) (exclusively residences
residential
use))

TP 2320 10370 2254 66

Keorapukur 79 338 61 18
Monikhali 270 1215 262 NIL 8
Churial 211 949 206 5
Total 2880 12872 2783 97

25. Sewerage and Drainage. The component generally involved temporary resettlement
impacts. The construction of trunk sewer lines through streets of Kolkata caused some
temporary disturbance which was mitigated by providing diversion pathways for traffic. During
 15

implementation, temporary losses were to be compensated based on the entitlement matrix.10

26. The short resettlement plan (SRP) concerning the resettlement impacts of the Padirhati
pumping station mentions 28 affected households: 15 households losing their vacant land and
the remaining 13 households would be temporarily affected due to loss of access- to their
shops during installation of the pumping station. The number of total affected persons (AP)
was surveyed as 187. The land has been described as vacant marshy land and is not being
used for any productive or residential purpose. No squatters or encroachers were found to be
residing or carrying out any productive occupation in the portion of the land identified for the
pumping station. Hence no relocation assistance or income loss assistance has been
considered for the squatters/encroachers. Since, all the titled plots have been considered as
unproductive and do not support any livelihood, assistance for loss of income has not been
considered in the entitlement matrix prepared for the subproject. So far as temporary
resettlement impact is concerned 13 households will lose their access to shops during
construction period and hence will incur loss of income for about a fortnight. Assistance for
their loss of income has been included in the "Tentative Budget". The table below provides a
summary of affected households and type of loss.
Table 6. Sewerage and drainage: affected assets in the Padirhati subproject
Affected Asset
SI. Type of Loss Type of Land
Acre Hectare
Land Private, vacant 0.2191 0.0887
1
Total Land available for Acquisition 0.2191 0.0887

2 Any other immovable assets Nil

3 Structure Nil
4 Access to structure 13 nos.
Source: Census & socio-economic survey, December 2009
Note: Total affected plots = 15. Area of affected land is based on total land available for purchase, as
agreed upon by the APs.

10
No temporary loss of income was reported to have occurred due to care taken to avoid such impacts during
implementation.
 16

III. Socioeconomic Information

A. Census

27. In 2005, the Project carried out a census (verification survey) to determine the exact
number of people likely to be affected by canal improvement works. The census updated the
2000 census and other surveys. The purpose of the 2005 census was to determine who is
entitled to compensation, assistance, and other benefits. It also briefly assessed the
socioeconomic situation of the affected population. In December 2009 a census and detailed
socio-economic survey was carried out by SDU’s Community Mobilisers at the proposed site of
the Padirhati pumping station. For all the other sites, the results of the 2005 census are the
latest available data on socioeconomic status of the affected population, summarized in the
following sections.

28. Affected Population. Drawing upon the 2005 census survey data for the concluding
2880 affected families regarding the canal improvement works, the total number of affected
persons is 12,872 of which 6,683 are male and 6,189 are female. The 28 families affected by
the Padirhati pumping station add up to a total of 187 people, with an average family size of 6.7
persons. The number of males and females was not given in the SRP.

29. Occupation. Majority (82%) of household heads are daily wage earners, the remainder
are self-employed (Table 7). Focus group discussions (FGD) with sample communities in Purba
Putiary and Nonadanga reveal that a fairly large proportion of APs other than household head
are employed as domestic help. Further, FGDs conducted in resettlement sites at Nonadanga,
Purba Putiary and Sampa Mirjanagar did not reveal the presence of child labour; all children
were found to be enrolled in schools/educational institutions.

Table 7: Distribution by Occupation and Settlement (canal improvement)

Settlement Daily wage Self employed Total
earner
TP 1942 378 2320
Keorapukur 11 68 79
Monikhali 262 58 270
Churial 206 80 211
Total 2421 584 2880

30. In the resettlement for the Padirhati Pumping station, only 48 persons, i.e. 26% of 187
affected persons were gainfully employed at the time of census survey. (Table 8) So far as
occupational structure is concerned, about 46% of the work force comprises traders and
businessmen. While 41% of the APs were self-employed tailors, 4 APs were professionals.
Only two persons were employed in the private sector.
 17

Table 8 Distribution by Occupation (Padirhati Pumping Station)

S. No. Occupation No. of Person %
1 Trade & Business 22 45.8%
2 Pvt. Service 2 4.2%
3 Professional 4 8.3%
4 Self employed (Tailor) 20 41.7%
Total 48 100.0%
Source: Census & Socio-economic Survey, December, 2009

31. Income and Expenditure. Regarding the canal improvement resettlement, as per
census survey 2005, the monthly income of 89% of households ranged from Rs 1,500 to Rs
5,000 at the time of survey. The official poverty line at that time was Rs 406.06 per capita per
month. The monthly expenditure of 90% households was found to range between Rs 1,000 to
Rs 2,487. Updated socio-economic information such as present income and expenditure of
households is not available, Table 9 presents the income distribution for 2880 affected families
as per census survey 2005, indicating their economic status prior to relocation.
Table 9: Household Income Distribution (Canal Improvement)
(No. of households)
Settlement No. of Rs. 1500-2000 Rs. 2000-2500 Rs. 2500-3000 and
AFs above

TP 2320 19 1827 474

Keorapukur 79 2 66 11
Monikhali 270 5 144 121
Churial 211 23 126 62
Total 2880 49 2163 668

32. Regarding the Padirhati affected families, the majority of the AFs, accounting for 43%,
have an annual income varying between Rs.60,000 to Rs.120,000. Seven families have an
annual income up to Rs 18,000, a figure corresponding to families belonging to BPL group.
Five affected households have an annual earning of Rs.18,001 - Rs.60,000 while four
households earn more than Rs.120,000 a year. The average annual household income of the
affected families has been calculated as Rs.71,914.32, which amounts to a monthly average
income of Rs.5992.86.
Table 10. Annual Income Pattern of AFs of Padirhati Pumping station
Total HH income (per Affected HH
SI annum)
No. % to total
1 Up to Rs. 18,000 7 25.0%
2 Rs. 18,001 - 60,000 5 18.0%
3 Rs. 60,001 - 120,000 12 43.0%
4 Rs. 120,001 and above 4 14.0%
All income 28 100.0
Source: Census & Socio-economic Survey, December 2009
 18

33. Literacy Rate and School Attendance. The Census Survey of 2005 revealed that
about 77.9% of the population above 6 years is literate. An estimated 31% had completed
middle school, and 23% completed only primary education. The RP 2006 stated that almost
(94%) school-aged children were attending school during the Census Survey and noted the
presence of out-of-school children.

34. Housing and Assets. The RP of 2006 describes the typical (96%) house of canal bank
dwellers as kutcha (ie. bamboo mat or mud wall with tiled roof and mud floor, occasionally with
brick soling). Settlements are composed of small hutments and have high densities. Narrow
pathways serve as internal roads. The pathways are normally kuccha and without streetlights.
There are no drainage systems and liquid waste are discharged to canals or accumulate in and
around the neighborhood. Drinking water is sourced from hand pumps in the vicinity. APs build
raised bamboo structures along the canal covered by jute bags, cement bags on four sides, with
one side open as toilets. The discharge flows directly into the canal without any treatment. APs
do not have assets such as boundary walls, trees and crops. Their lack of tenure security tends
to act as a barrier to acquisition of assets on the property, to avoid losses if evicted.

B. Common Property Resources

35. Whereas the original RP (2000) estimated that 69 common property resources (CPR)
would be affected, the verification survey undertaken in 2005 based on the revised project
design showed that 11 CPRs would be affected by the Project. The affected CPRs comprised 3
schools, 4 temples and 4 club rooms. The 2006 RP states that the project will replace all the
affected schools and that community sheds will be provided in the VAMBAY complex. During
implementation however, it was found that there were existing primary schools and temples in
the vicinity of the resettlement sites, hence provision of additional schools was not deemed
necessary by the project. Provision of temples (at sites other than Nonadanga) was not desired
by APs. At Nonadanga, the project got KMC to adopt an existing privately-run primary school to
cater to the children of affected families. Residents of Nonadanga constructed a temple with
their own pooled resources. In lieu of the 4 affected club rooms at one location, the project
provided 2 club rooms and 2 community halls at two of the resettlement sites. Community halls
provided are meant for activities such as community meetings, recreational activities, meetings
of user groups, and vocational training. As per the project Entitlement Matrix, salvaging of
materials of affected CPRs for reuse or sale by the community or organization was permissible.
Details of anticipated impacts on CPRs, and CPRs provided by the Project, by location and type,
are presented in Table 11.

Table 11: Common Property Resources (canal improvement works)

Canal Resettlement Site CPRs CPRs Provided Remarks
System Affected
TP Nonadanga (Phase I- 09 Club room-01
Free primary.schools
IV) (Club-04, Community hall-01 existed in close
Kasba School-03 proximity of
Temple -02) Nonadanga and
Kasba RS.
Keorapukur Purba Putiary 1 (temple) Club room-01
APs (other than
Community hall-01 those in Nonadanga)
did not wish to
Monikhali Sampa Mirza nagar 1 (Temple) establish temples in
TOTAL 11 04 open spaces as
there were temples
in nearby places.
 19

36. The Padirhati pumping station land acquisition did not involve common property
resources.

C. Vulnerable Groups

37. The 2006 RP noted that all permanently affected persons are vulnerable as they are all
poor and live on lands to which they have no legal rights and are therefore liable to eviction
anytime without assistance in any form. Of the 2880 relocated families, 575 (19.9%) were
identified as highly vulnerable, with multiple vulnerabilities. (Table 12).

Table 12: Vulnerable Groups (Canal improvement works)

Canal Women Very poor Elderly HH with Households
headed households persons single with multiple
households vulnerability vulnerabilities
TP Canal 246 2320 214 1859 461
system

Keorapukur 14 79 17 48 31
Monikhali 15 270 21 234 36
Churial 24 211 23 164 47
Total 299 2880 275 2305 575

38. Regarding the vulnerable groups in the Padirhati Pumping station resettlement, all but
one affected households belong to Muslim community. The majority of the AFs, 16 in number,
are nuclear families while 12 are joint families. As many as 57% of the families are "large" with
more than 6 persons, while there are 10 "medium" sized families with 4-6 persons. The average
family size is 6.7. There are 9 vulnerable families, 7 of whom live below poverty line, one is a
woman-headed household and one elderly person lives alone.

Table 13: Social Stratification details of AFs

SI. Criteria Classification No. of AFs
General caste 1
1 Community
Muslim 27
Joint 12
2 Family Type
Nuclear 16
Upto 3 2
3 Family Size 4-6 10
More than 6 16
BPL 7
4 Vulnerable group WHH 1
Elderly living alone 1
Source: Census & Socio-economic Survey, December 2009
 20

IV. Objectives, Policy Framework, and Entitlements

A. Objectives

39. Designed to improve the environmental quality of Kolkata, the Project was envisioned to
be beneficial to the poor and poor women in particular. Despite its positive aspects, it was
recognized that the Project would trigger relocation on a large scale, requiring all canal dwellers
and shopkeepers to leave their homes and businesses before commencement of canal
improvement works.11 Temporary resettlement impacts were also envisaged for the sewerage
and drainage components.

40. The Project was responsible for ensuring that those losing structures, livelihoods, and
other resources were assisted in improving or at least regaining their former level of living at no
cost to them. To achieve this goal, the Project was expected to:

(i) Compensate for lost assets and loss of livelihood and income;
(ii) Provide assistance for relocation, including provision of relocation sites with appropriate
facilities and services; and
(iii) Provide assistance for rehabilitation that generally improves or at least restores the
social and economic base of those affected.

B. Policy Framework

41. National Policy and Laws on Resettlement. Government of India promulgated a

national policy for resettlement in 2004. The policy recognized the need for resettlement and
rehabilitation of people affected by development projects. Its provisions were intended to
mitigate adverse impacts on project area people. It had specific provisions exist for vulnerable
and poorer groups. In 2007, Government of India prepared the National Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Policy, which aimed to minimize displacement, ensure adequate rehabilitation
package, swift implementation of rehabilitation process, provide a better standard of living and
efforts to provide sustainable livelihoods to affected families, integrate rehabilitation concerns
into development planning and implementation process, and recommended special measures
for weaker sections, There is, however, no law on resettlement in India yet.

42. In India, the law relating to the acquisition of privately owned immoveable property is the
Land Acquisition Act of 1894 (LAA, amended 1984). In exercise of power under LAA, the
Government on payment of compensation can acquire any land, building, and crops for any
public purpose or in the public interest. LAA sets forth the procedure for land acquisition.

43. Although the law provides for payment of compensation to persons whose lands,
structures, and other immoveable assets are acquired for a public purpose, the amount of
compensation is inadequate to buy back land of the same size and quality. In order that persons
forced to give up their lands and other assets do not suffer loss in such transactions, the Project

11
In order to address this, the project adopted the policy of award of contracts for canal rehabilitation only on
presentation of a time schedule for resettlement.
 21

would objectively establish the real replacement costs of assets to be acquired for its
requirements.

44. As APs living in canal bank settlements, the affected persons were unauthorized
occupants of land which is Government property, and were therefore not entitled to legal
compensation. LAA is therefore not applicable to the Project. On removal from canal banks, the
Project proposed to assist APs by other support mechanisms to recover their losses. In keeping
with ADB policy, this was to be undertaken to ensure that as a result of project activities there
would be no drop in their standard of living.

45. ADB Resettlement Policy Requirements. The Resettlement Plan for the project was
prepared in 2006 based on ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement, 1995. The three
important elements of ADB’s involuntary resettlement policy included: (i) compensation to
replace lost assets, livelihood, and income; (ii) assistance for relocation, including provision of
relocation sites with appropriate facilities and services; and (iii) assistance for rehabilitation to
achieve at least the same level of well-being with the project as without it.

C. Entitlements

46. The original entitlements in the RP prepared in year 2000 addressed impacts on APs
due to the Project. The entitlement matrix in the 2006 RP provides additional detail with respect
to implementation issues and responsible agency. The significant difference is with respect to
entitlements for canal dwellers. In the legal sense, canal dwellers and shopkeepers are
encroachers, and therefore not eligible for any compensation or resettlement assistance.
However, based on ADB’s Policy, lack of title is no bar to resettlement assistance eligibility. In
pursuance of ADB’s Policy and the RP, the Project initially (in RP, 2000) made only a provision
for a lumpsum one-time financial assistance of Rs 30,000.00 per family in the form of grant for
shifting to an equivalent habitable area. This was inclusive of cost on transportation of all
belongings including the salvaged building materials.

47. The entitlement package was considerably improved in 2006. Under the enhanced
package, the Project would buy flats from the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
(KDMA) or build flats/shops/residential-cum-commercial units for all APs, each such unit costing
on average Rs 84,000.12 The average estimated cost was excluding the cost of land, which was
to be borne by the Government of West Bengal. Contribution by Government of India under its
housing scheme for the urban poor, Valmiki Ambedkar Shari Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) to the tune
of Rs 30,000 per unit was envisaged. The share of the affected family in the total cost was 5%
(Rs 4,230), while the Project would bear the highest cost share of Rs 50,370 per unit.

48. The apartments at the resettlement sites would be provided such conveniences as water
and electricity connections. The design of apartments was undertaken keeping some
preferences of the APs in view, e.g., locating the toilets in balconies, outside the apartment. This
also resulted in an increase in the living area from 163 square feet (sq. ft.) to 190 sq. ft.

49. These flats come with legal titles for occupants, turning informal dwellers on government
lands to legal owners of well built apartments. Based on VAMBAY conditions, the legal titles

12
The cost per unit in Manikhali and Churial will be higher as landfilling, laying of approach road and other basic
infrastructure such as lighting will be needed.
 22

were to be in the name of women, and thus the Project was envisaged to promote women’s
empowerment. The allotment of units was proposed on a 99 year non-resaleable lease in the
name of the female head of the family and her male counterpart/kin as nominee. In addition to
the flats, the affected households were entitled to a shifting grant of Rs 300.00.

50. Extensive consultations were held with APs regarding entitlements, which they
considered beneficial for them and therefore willingly accepted. The aim of the 2006 revised
project compensation policy was to provide a comprehensive coverage for lost assets and
restoration and/or enhancement of livelihoods for all categories of the affected people, whether
affected directly, indirectly, including those with or without titles. With the new compensation
measures, the APs were expected to be able to replace their lost assets and restore income
and livelihoods. The entitlement matrix listing broad types of losses and the corresponding
proposed entitlements to cover all possible losses is provided in Table 10. The cut-off date for
compensation eligibility was the date of census verification survey (2005). Persons settling in
the project area after the cut-off date were not eligible for compensation or assistance.

51. The entitlement matrix prepared in 2006 (excluding provisions/entitlements proposed

under the solid waste management component) serves as the reference point against which
resettlement implementation is assessed.

52. Assistance to Highly Vulnerable Groups. As discussed in Section II above, the RP

2006 states that the highly vulnerable group includes households headed by women, the elderly,
and disabled/handicapped; very poor households with incomes less than Rs 2,300 per month
and child laborers.13 As earlier discussed, based on VAMBAY conditions, the legal titles were to
be in the name of women, and thus the Project would help promote the empowerment of
women. To assist the highly vulnerable, the Project aimed to provide them with ground floor
VAMBAY flats which have commercial possibilities, provide access to land for social forestry
and vegetable/crop production in rehabilitated canal banks, and facilitate access to livelihood
and other social programs of the Government. Child laborers would be provided: (i) schooling
based on National Policy, (ii) assistance based on a plan of action for rehabilitation co-
developed by the Project with UNICEF, Save the Children, and CLPOA, and (iii) gradual
withdrawal from work and mainstreaming of child laborers into the educational system.

13
Although the RP 2006 describes all APs as highly vulnerable which in a sense they were being poor households
without tenure security, during project implementation, those with multiple vulnerabilities were treated as highly
vulnerable.
 23

V. Consultation and Grievance Redress Participation

A. Consultations

53. The Project recognized the value of participation, and attempted to utilize the
participatory approach throughout the RP implementation process, to ensure transparency and
accountability. A series of interactive sessions with all stakeholders involving APs, ward
committee members, municipal councilors, and civil society groups were conducted. As of July
2006, 359 such sessions had been held; subsequently, an additional 479 sessions were
conducted, making a total of 838 sessions. Consultation sessions focusing on disclosure of
project information including resettlement information, project planning, and project
implementation continued to be held throughout the period of resettlement implementation.
Records of these sessions including date, place, issues of discussion, signature of participants
and photographs are kept by the SDU. Sessions were in the form of meetings (formal and
informal), door to door visits, and focus group discussions. On average, sessions were
conducted twice a week.

54. To encourage participation, 37 community groups named Canal Resettlement Groups

(CRGs) were formed, with a total of 460 APs as members. CRGs met at regular intervals to
decide and discuss issues related to their community. The CRGs were meant to be the
predecessors of the proposed housing cooperatives, post resettlement, with responsibilities
related to operation and maintenance of buildings and infrastructure facilities in the resettlement
colonies.

55. Consultations and participation resulted in refinements in project design. For example,
the VAMBAY housing scheme was not imposed by the Project, but was discussed with APs.
The discussion highlighted both the substantial long-term gains from the housing scheme
against the contribution of 5% required from APs. APs took their own decisions, opting for/out of
the scheme based on their individual assessments. The housing scheme, gives APs 95%
subsidized flats with legal titles. Forcible resettlement was avoided wherever possible, resulting
in design changes and reduction in number of APs; consultations were on until June 2013 to
ensure that APs were aware of entitlements and those who have not yet availed benefits offered,
given a chance to do so.
 24

Table 14: Entitlement Matrix

Type of Loss Application Definition of Entitled Compensation Policy Implementation Issues Responsible Agency
Person

Canal
Improvement
Works
1 Loss of Loss of residential Encroacher/ squatter 1. Provision of 190 square  Each AF will contribute PMU (primarily through
15
structure structure household head foot VAMBAY flat with 5% of the total cost of the SDU)
connections to basic the flat, estimated at Rs
16
urban services (water 4,000 . The Government Highly vulnerable
supply, electricity, and of India will contribute Rs households to be
sewage) allotted on a 99- 30,000 from its Basic verified by the SDU.
year non-resalable lease. Services to the Urban
2. Transport and labor 14
Poor program. The
support of Rs. 300 remaining cost estimated
3. Exemption from any at Rs 65,000 will be from
registration costs, and
other fees related to the Project.
moving into VAMBAY  Flats will be in the name of
flats. the wife of the household
4. Additional compensation head in the case of male-
for the highly vulnerable headed households (or
households (item 4). the household head in the
case of female-headed
households) with the
spouse/next of kin as
nominee.
 Highly vulnerable
households identified in
DMS surveys.
2 Loss of Loss of commercial Encroacher/squatter 5. Provision of 100 square  Each AF will contribute PMU
structure structure business operator foot shops which will form 5% of the total cost of the
part of the VAMBAY shop, estimated at Rs The SDU will verify
17
complex provided to AP 2,500-3,000. The employee(s) of the
with the condition that remaining cost estimated business operator and

14
The estimate of Rs 300 in the RP 2006 was based on transport requirements of the first 165 households shifted to VAMBAY flats. Because of the
proximity, the allowance was for 4 autorickshaw trips found to be adequate to transport the AFs’ belongings or labor assistance for a period of about 3
days.
15
To be deposited in a bank designated by the SDU.
16
For 165 households already handed over with VAMBAY flats, 5% was equivalent to Rs 3,930.
17
These were planned abutting the residential structures.

Type of Loss Application Definition of Entitled Compensation Policy
Person
employee(s) if any will be
retained.
6. Transport and labor
support of Rs. 300
7. Exemption from any,
registration costs, and
other fees related to
shops.
8. Additional compensation
for the highly vulnerable
households (item 4).
3 Loss of Loss of residential Encroacher/ squatter 5. Provision of 190 square
structure cum commercial household head foot ground floor VAMBAY
structure flat with connections to
basic urban services
(water supply, electricity,
and sewage) allotted on a
99-year non-resalable
lease on the condition that
employee(s) if any will be
retained.
6. Transport and labor
support of Rs. 300
7. Exemption from any,
registration costs, and
other fees related to
moving into VAMBAY
flats.
8. Additional compensation
for the highly vulnerable
households (item 4).
4 Impacts on Loss of structure Households headed by 4. Provision of ground floor
highly females, the elderly (over VAMBAY flats which has
vulnerable APs 65) or handicapped, and commercial possibilities.
BPL households. 5. Livelihood training.
6. Priority in allocation of land
18
For 165 households already handed over with VAMBAY flats, 5% was equivalent to Rs 3930/
Implementation Issues
at Rs. 47,500 will be from
the Project.
 Shops will be in the name
of the business operator.
 Highly vulnerable
households identified in
DMS surveys
 Each AF will contribute
5% of the total cost of the
flat, estimated at Rs
18
4,000-5,000 . The
Government will contribute
Rs 30,000 from its Basic
Services to the Urban
Poor program. The
remaining cost estimated
at Rs 65,000 will be from
the Project.
 Flats will be in the name of
the wife of the household
head in the case of male-
headed households (or
the household head in the
case of female-headed
households) with the
spouse/next of kin as
nominee.
 Highly vulnerable
households identified in
DMS surveys.
 Highly vulnerable
households identified in
DMS surveys.
25
Responsible Agency
will ensure retention of
employee(s) as a
condition for provision
of shops.
Highly vulnerable
households to be
verified by the SDU.
PMU
The SDU will verify
employee(s) of the
business operator and
will ensure retention of
employee(s) as a
condition for provision
of flats.
Highly vulnerable
households to be
verified by the SDU.
Highly vulnerable
households to be
verified by the SDU.
 26

Type of Loss Application Definition of Entitled Compensation Policy Implementation Issues Responsible Agency
Person

for social forestry and

vegetable/crop production
along canal banks.
Child laborers
4. Schooling based on
National Policy. SDU will identify child
5. Implementing a plan of laborers.
action for rehabilitation co-
developed with UNICEF, Enrolment of children in SDU will be primarily
Save the Children, NGOs preparatory centres and finally responsible for plan
and CBOs. in schools development and
6. Gradual discontinuation implementation,
from work and
mainstreaming child SDU will ensure
laborers into the enrolment of child
educational stream. laborers in preparatory
centers and eventually
in schools.
5 Loss of Loss of access to Community 4. Replacement of affected
Community community schools.
Structures structures 5. Community sheds in the
VAMBAY complex will be
provided for activities
such as community
meetings, recreational
activities, meetings of the
user groups, and
vocational trainings.
6. Salvaging of materials for
reuse or sale by the
community organization
allowed.
Sewerage and
Drainage

6 Temporary Temporary loss of Legal owner(s), 4. 60 days advance notice Traffic management carried • PMU, DSC, CMU
loss of access access to land, tenant(s), leaseholder(s), including a repeat out in consultation with • Design of content
structure, utilities, encroacher(s), or notification 30 days in concerned government for cable prepared by
common property squatter(s) advance, notification agencies. CC
resource through loudspeakers 7 • Verification of APs
days in advance, and by the NGO under
notification through Cable SDU
Network 3 days in • Restoration as
advance part of contractors
 27

Type of Loss Application Definition of Entitled Compensation Policy Implementation Issues Responsible Agency
Person

5. Provision of temporary contract

access (e.g. planks
across trenches) where
possible and traffic
management to ensure
access is maintained
6. Restoration of affected
land, structure, utilities,
common property
resource
7 Temporary Temporary loss of Business owner(s), 5. 60 days advance notice • PMU, DSC, CMU
loss of livelihood/source of tenant(s), leaseholder(s), including a repeat • Design of content
livelihood income employee(s), notification 30 days in for cable prepared by
hawker(s)/vendors(s) advance, notification CC
through loudspeakers 7 • Verification of APs
days in advance, and by the NGO under
notification through Cable SDU
Network 3 days in • NGO to determine
advance income loss/minimum
6. Provision of temporary wage
access (e.g. planks • Restoration as
across trenches) where part of contractors
possible and traffic contract
management to ensure
access is maintained
7. Provision of alternative
sites in the vicinity for
continued economic
activity/ or compensation
of lost income
8. Restoration of affected
land, structure, utilities,
common property
resource
 28

56. Disclosure Mechanism. The Project proposed to regularly distribute English and local
language pamphlets including FAQs containing project progress to stakeholders. Information
booths were set up at construction sites and in resettlement areas. The Project also set up
information booths in boroughs and canals/settlements to increase information dissemination.
Resettlement plans (summaries in local language) were made available in the information booths.
Other information available in the booths included: compendium of all Government schemes for
income generation activities; handouts on Personal Insurance Scheme, sample legal title
documents for flats, facilities provided by the Project, cleaning and maintenance of toilets and
drains, garbage disposal, firefighting, health and hygiene, and cooperative formation.
Resettlement planning information was disclosed to APs and other stakeholders and placed on
ADB’s website.

57. Transparency and Accountability. The Project's .participatory approach in

implementation was meant to ensure transparency and accountability. Disclosure of project and
RP related information to the public and APs was meant to inform them about the transparent
and accountable intentions of project authorities. The Social Development Unit (SDU) played a
significant role in promoting this approach. NGOs, under the supervision of the SDU
communicated with the APs on a daily basis on various resettlement issues. The NGOs
provided assistance in final validation of APs, formation of CRGs, helped the APs to open bank
accounts and awareness generation for behavioral change among APs. To avoid any accusation
of impropriety and corruption, all payments were made in group/public settings.

B. Grievance Redress

58. The Project established a grievance redress mechanism with the aim of addressing
dissatisfaction with resettlement activities among the affected people. It also made efforts to see
that the people became conversant with the grievance resolution procedures. Efforts were made
to provide redress to APs on the spot, saving them time and trouble involved in commuting to
the Project headquarters and other concerned offices.

59. At the settlement level, CRGs addressed grievances of APs. CRGs were expected to
resolve any issue brought to their notice within a week, after which the grievance was placed
before the project NGO which was given one week to resolve grievances. Suggestion boxes
were placed at settlement sites so that APs who were hesitant to approach CRGs, NGOs or
SDUs could convey their complaints. The NGOs collected the complaints and forwarded those
remaining unresolved to the SDU through the field staff every weekThe SDU which in
consultation with the concerned Councilor and appropriate government authority was to address
the grievance within one week. Grievances not redressed by the SDU were brought to the
Grievance Redress Committee comprising the Councilor, two members from the SDU, two
project staff, and two representatives from the CRGs. Grievances not addressed by the GRC
within two weeks could be taken by the AP to the appropriate court of law.
 29

VI. Relocation and Income Restoration

60. The Project has made all efforts to avoid land acquisition and resettlement impacts.
However, where relocation was unavoidable, the Project assisted APs particularly highly
vulnerable APs, with the aim of that ensuring that no one was worse off than they were before
the Project.

A. Relocation of Housing and Settlements

61. The original RP (2000) provided a lumpsum payment and financial assistance in the
form of a grant to shift to an equivalent habitable area, wherein APs would construct their own
houses. During project implementation, there was a felt need to improve the entitlements to
ensure that APs would have tenure security and would not have to create other illegal
settlements.

62. Relocation. Relocation was recognized as necessary to carry out canal improvement
works and required to be completed before commencement of canal works. All affected
households (numbering 3,626 as per RP 2006, revised to 2880 in 2012 and reflected as such in
the revised RP of 2013) living on canal banks were to be permanently relocated. The need for
temporary relocation was also identified initially, which is further discussed in following sections.

63. The Project held consultations with APs before their relocation/resettlement. APs endorsed
the initial plan to keep relocation sites close to their original settlements to enable them to
preserve their existing social and economic links.

64. Land for Resettlement Sites. The search for land suitable to relocate and resettle canal
dwellers has been a long process, especially because the initially defined Project policy required
it to relocate APs close to their original settlements. Initially, the Project identified land within the
East Kolkata Wetlands; the proposal was dropped in conformance with new environmental
regulations. The Project has acquired 16.96 acres of land for resettlement.19 Table 15 reflects
the canal-wise land acquisition.

Table 15: Land Acquisition for Resettlement

S. For resettlement of Land required Land in Resettlement
No. Canal bank Dwellers for resettlement possession housing site
from : (acres) (acres)
1 TP Canal System 9.17 purchased Nonadanga
2.033 purchased kasba
TP & Lead Canal 10.00
Intercepting Canal
Additional Canals 11.203
(Guniagachi, Suti, A.
Nagar, M’pur etc.)
M’daha-DD1
2 Keorapukur Canal Purba Putiary
System 0.94 0.94 acquired
3 Manikhali Canal System 5.54 2.57 acquired Sampa

19
Of the 16.978 acres, 3.51 acres was acquired by land acquisition process through LA Act, 11.203 acres purchased
from government organisations and 2.265 acres purchased from private party.
 30

0.23 purchased Mirzajanagar

4 Churial Canal System 2.57 acquired 2.035 purchased Kalagachia

Total 19.07 16.978

65. The Relocation Process. All people living along canal banks affected by improvement
works were relocated before the start of canal improvement works. Initially, relocation was
undertaken in a two-part process, as follows:

(i) The Project shifted APs to a transit camp, not far from the canals. To set up the
transit camp, the Project provides APs land, plus Rs 300 per family, to transport salvaged
materials.

(ii) When the 4-storey high flats, built by KMDA/KEIP under the Government of
India’s VAMBAY scheme were ready, those living in transit camps were shifted to the flats.

66. Initially, ADB had some reservations on this two-part relocation plan. Later, it agreed
with the plan to move people to transit camps before their eventual shifting to flats on certain
conditions. The conditions meant to ensure that the transit camps did not become the final
destination, are given below:

• Affected families will be moved to temporary settlements at a distance not more than 2
kilometers from their present settlements
• The temporary settlements should be so designed that their lives and livelihoods are not
disrupted
• Affected families will not be required to pay accommodation charges for temporary
settlements
• Basic services such as water supply, sanitation and security lighting facilities will be
provided
• Affected families will be moved to VAMBAY flats within the timeframe agreed with ADB
• Affected families will have access to various central and state government schemes for
social benefits, income generation and others
• Transportation and labour charges of Rs 300 will be paid per family.

67. Temporary resettlement of 460 households from the downstream portion of TP system
was undertaken. Around 460 families (majority from 12 canal stretches and a few from 4 bridge
sites) were placed in a transit site near Nonadanga and proposed to be permanently resettled in
VAMBAY phase II flats constructed by KMDA and flats constructed by KEIP under VAMBAY.
The Government expressed its concern over the two-part process and ADB subsequently
advised that resettlement for the rest of the canals should be undertaken directly to the
VAMBAY flats. The transit camp initially envisaged to be occupied for only 6 months, was
occupied for a period of 18 months due to VAMBAY flat construction delays.

68. Relocation Site Distance. Relocation was initially planned keeping the distance factor
(“within 2.5 kilometers”) and ownership (“government land”) in view. However, though the
Project made every effort, it was difficult to identify suitable government land that matched the
distance criterion at all locations. Hence, while the distance to resettlement sites ranges
between 0.1 – 3.8 kilometers for a majority of canal locations (refer Appendix 3), the APs at the
bridge site at Keorapukur Mission (Sukantapalli Kalopole) were worst affected, with the
resettlement site located 12.5 kilometers away.
 31

69. Summary of distance range of relocation sites to original locations is given in Table 16;
Appendix 3 provides canal bank stretch wise details:
 32

Table 16: Relocation Site Distances

Canal No. of households Relocation site Distance (Km) Remarks
relocated
TP 2320 Nonadanga & 0.1 – 3.8 Details
Kasba provided in
Keorapukur 79 Purba Putiary 0.6 Appendix 3
Keorapukur Purba Putiary 1.6-12.5
Bridge Site
Monikhali 270 Sampa Mirza 1.0-3.5
Nagar
Churial 211 Kalagachia & 0.8-3.8
Purba Putiary

70. The Project planned to take steps to see that the vacated canal banks were not
encroached again. The vacated canal banks were to be brought under an afforestation plan,
which the KEIP proposed to implement collaboratively with highly vulnerable APs. However,
canal bank protection / afforestation was not undertaken.

71. Prior to APs being moved to VAMBAY Phase I units, the SDU conducted a series of
brainstorming sessions with APs for eight to nine months. APs were made to understand the
need for beneficiary contribution to establish a sense of ownership. APs were encouraged to
save Rs 12-17 daily to meet the requirement for beneficiary contribution; SDU staff pointed out
that this could be from savings from expenditures which negatively affect their health.
Community awareness activities resulted in enabling APs to save and helped inculcate the
saving habit. The SDU extended help APs to open savings bank accounts in a nationalized
bank.

72. Planned access to Basic Services at Relocation Site. Basic urban infrastructure and
services were proposed to be provided to APs in their new flats including: (i) in-house electric
connection, (ii) access to personal toilets as part of project design, (iii) in-house piped water
supply connection, (iv) benefit of service from the conservancy department of KMC/Municipality
for solid waste collection, (v) 100% provision for drainage, and (vi) access to primary schools
within 6-10 minutes (walking distance). APs were also envisaged to be able to continue to
access the same health services as before. The residents of all settlements mainly rely on
‘private doctors’ and ‘government hospital/ dispensaries’ for medical services. However, private
doctors in most cases may not be registered practitioners. Further, they would continue to have
community life with access to activities undertaken by CBOs in all settlements mainly related to
education and health.

B. Income Improvement Activities

73. The Project prepared a compendium of poverty alleviation schemes of the Government
for the urban poor, which was used as a tool for sensitizing the communities on availability of
such schemes. All APs categorized as urban poor were eligible to receive benefits from poverty
alleviation/income generation schemes like Annapurna, Antyoday, SJSRY etc. 20 The Project

20
Eighteen self-help groups with female members were formed under the project to inculcate savings habits
and start a small income generation program. The groups were assisted with opening of bank accounts. The SDU
also helped the groups to obtain assistance from other financial institutions. Despite the initial efforts, the self help
groups (SHG) formed under the project could not be sustained as people were evidently not informed adequately
 33

also introduced skills training programs, self-help groups, and bank linkage activities as
additional measures to augment the existing income levels of the affected families.21 Women
were the main beneficiaries of training; of the total 487 trainees, 396 (81%) were female and 91
(19%) male. 22

Table 17: Number of APs trained

Canal No. of persons
trained
TP 296 *
Keorapukur 37
Monikhali 65
Churial 89
Total 487 *

74. A vocational training unit was set up at the transit camp where 26 females, in two groups,
from affected households learnt advanced tailoring. This was expected to provide an additional
income to their families in the near future. Both the groups have been assisted in opening
savings accounts with banks, so that on completion of the training they can start a tailoring
production unit.23 Opening accounts with banks was previously not possible for APs due to their
status as illegal settlers.

75. As part of its plan for creation of income generation opportunities, the Project also
proposed to create a green belt (tree plantations) on the canal banks once they were vacated by
the unauthorized occupants. The proposed green belt was envisaged to be 10m in width and
would leave roughly 3m width of bank for maintenance work. Two APs per km from highly
vulnerable families were proposed to be engaged to protect the plantation area, who were to be
encouraged to grow fruits and vegetables on a small piece of land within the plantation area as
well. This was expected to directly generate a sustained source of livelihood for about 130
families. In addition, the green belt would serve to prevent encroachment of canal banks. This
proposal remained on paper however, and was not implemented.

C. Insurance

76. Fire and accident insurance was provided to the 420 transit camp households alone, as
they were perceived to have been rendered more vulnerable than those relocated directly to the
resettlement sites. This insurance coverage was provided for a period of one year - during the
period of stay at the transit camp.

about the purpose of formation, potential benefits etc. and were not provided the required handholding support. The
groups have ceased to exist and did not have the envisaged impact.
21
Focus group discussions with beneficiaries of training programs at Nonadanga, Kasba and Purba Putiary reveal
that they are indeed using their training as beauticians, nurses, tailors and mobile phone/refrigerator/air-conditioner
repair technicians to augment household incomes.
22
KEIP 2013. Status Report on Resettlement and Rehabilitation. Kolkata.
23
Information on present status of the two groups is not available.
 34

VII. Institutional Framework

77. For purposes of resettlement, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) was the
executing agency (EA). The EA established a Social Development Unit (SDU) within its Project
Management Unit (PMU). The SDU was responsible for coordination of its activities with all
government agencies as well as non-government organizations (NGOs). The responsibility for
implementing canal works was with the Irrigation and Waterways Department (IWD), the other
EA for the Project.

78. Project Management Units. KMC Project Management Unit (PMU) is headed by a
Project Director. A separate PMU was established in the Directorate of Irrigation and Waterways,
also headed by a Project Director with the rank of the Chief Engineer. The responsibilities of the
PMUs include overall management of the Project, including recruitment of consultants,
procurement, land acquisition, resettlement, and stakeholder consultations. Both PMUs were
assisted in their work by the associated line departments, SDU and Project Management
Consultants. Both KMC and IWD were responsible for ensuring adequate gender balance in the
staff of the PMUs. The PMUs’ responsibilities included ensuring continuity of staff through the
full term of the Project.

79. Coordination. The two PMUs worked in close coordination. There is a common ADB
Project Office, where officials with specific assignment for the Project in both the PMUs were
deputed. Both PMUs were assisted in their work by the associated line departments, SDU and
Project Management Consultants. The Project Office is headed by the Project Director of KEIP,
KMC, who is of the rank of Special Secretary. As KMC is the principal executing agency, it was
responsible for convening meetings of PMUs, maintaining its minutes, and follow-up on the
decisions taken. The Project Office also provided the coordination point for KMC, KMDA, GoWB,
IWD and other Government stakeholders, consultants, contractors and co-financiers.

80. Social Development Unit (SDU). Although a strong field presence is essential, initially,
it was decided that no staff would be recruited for the purpose either in KMC or IWD. Instead,
the Project planned to involve consultants and engage NGOs as Implementing Agencies (IAs).
Two NGOs were engaged specifically for field level implementation of resettlement activities.
However, later, the SDU was set up and given responsibility for all tasks connected with
resettlement and rehabilitation of the affected people in a participatory manner, livelihood
restoration program, internal monitoring, and reporting. This requires them to be in regular
consultation with APs in the field. 24

24
The Project Management Unit of the EA has set up a Social Development Unit in place of the NGO (TERI) hired
earlier. The following points outline the basis for the need for this change in arrangement:
• Optimising use of local resources- TERI was not a Kolkata or West Bengal based NGO. It had various
specialists based in Delhi, who visited Kolkata for a few days in a month. For field level activities, TERI had hired
local staff. In the SDU, this arrangement was improved by hiring full time local individual consultants and KMC
personnel at the Project Level and local NGOs at the field level for implementation of its social sector
interventions.
• Minimising overhead expenditure -A large amount of TERI’s expenses (64%) was on administrative
overheads in the form of air travel and per diem expenses of consultants, and institutional cost. In the changed
SDU arrangement of keeping KMC staff and hiring local individual consultants instead of an agency, the
overhead expenditures were negligible.
• Core competence of KMC strengthened- The capacity building component of the project funded by DFID
for the KMC was for the orientation and capacity building of KMC personnel on social sector issues. Presence of
KMC personnel in the new SDU arrangement served to strengthen core competence of KMC rather than that of
an NGO.
 35

81. Implementing Agency. The Project envisaged an important role for the Implementing
Agency (IA) in RP implementation. The Implementing Agencies were NGOs who were engaged
to carry out field level interventions. Jayprakash Institute for Social Change and Bharat
Sevashram Sangha were the two NGOs engaged with requisite skills and capacity to assist the
resettlement process. Each of the NGOs had a minimum of 5 personnel dedicated full time for
performance of the following major tasks:

1. Serve as a link between the Project and APs

2. Educate APs about the Project, its likely impacts, and mitigation measures designed to
assist them
3. Assist all APs in getting their entitlements and cash compensation
4. Assist APs with income restoration/improvement plans, especially the vulnerable groups
5. Help APs in obtaining access to social benefit schemes as per eligibility.

82. Strengthening Institutional Capacity. The Project devoted some attention to

strengthening the institutional capacity for resettlement management. As a first step, the Project
contacted training institutions and/or consultants within India to organize training programs or
workshops for all project personnel involved in the planning and implementation of resettlement.
The Implementing Agency involved in implementation of the Plan was required to participate in
the training activities. Table 18 provides a summary of training activities undertaken.

Table 18: Institutional Strengthening Activities

Date Duration Name and Designation Venue Name of Programme/Course
of person(s)
conducting session
Sri Kali Sankar Ghosh Ground Floor Conference Orientation Seminar on ADB’s
- Senior Consultant Room Policy on Involuntary
R&R ADB India Resident Mission Resettlement
25.8.2006 One day 4 San Martin Marg
Chanakyapuri,
New Delhi-110021
Sri Kali Sankar Ghosh IIC Annexe, New Delhi Third Training Workshop on
21.6.2006 - Senior Consultant Organised By: Council For Capacity Building for
to Three R&R Social Development, Resettlement management (for
23.6.2006 days Sri Prabir Kumar Ray 53 Lodi Estate, personnel engaged in
- Consultant, R&R New Delhi -110003 involuntary displacement,
resettlement and rehabilitation
due to development projects)

In addition, a Steering Committee for Community Development (SCCD) was formed at the Project Level, which
was responsible for overseeing all social sector interventions, chaired by the Member Mayor in Council, KMC
and having as other members Jt. Commissioner, KMC, DG (Bustee), KMC, DG (Civil), KMC, Project Director,
KEIP, Team Leaders of PMC, DSC, PMU and the Convenor in Team Leader, SDU.
• Increasing number of NGOs at implementation level- Increasing field level activities necessitated
engaging NGOs at field level. To have TERI, itself an NGO at the project level and engage NGOs at field level
would result in big brother attitude and thus a clash of egos. In the revised arrangement, NGOs were engaged at
the field level each with a minimum of 5 staff to carry out the various social sector interventions who report to
SDU.
• Strengthening Social Sector in PMU- Having TERI (NGO), a Social Sector specialist in PMC and another
specialist in DSC looking after the social sector issues in PMU resulted in minimum output. With the setting up of
SDU in 2005, comprising of 3 KMC personnel, 5 consultants, 4 Field Coordinators, 2 Community Mobilisers and
10 NGOs, the social sector of KEIP PMU was strengthened and produced the desired results in resettlement and
rehabilitation, slum Improvement and sewerage and drainage components of the project.
 36

83. A short duration orientation program was also organized for project personnel with
specializations in areas other than social safeguards, such as engineering, legal and financial
staff. The objective of training was to generate wider awareness of resettlement issues that are
integral to the entire development process among KMC and IWD staff.

84. Training was proposed to be tailored to the specific needs of KMC, IWD and IA
personnel. In substance, the training programme was envisaged to consist of the following
main issues in resettlement planning and implementation:
(i) Laws and policies regarding land acquisition
(ii) ADB policy on involuntary resettlement
(iii) Impoverishment risks and reconstruction strategies
(iv) Information sharing, consultation’ and participation
(v) Gender dimensions in resettlement
(vi) Compensation to affected persons
(vii) Assistance in relocation
(viii) Income restoration programs
(ix) Institutional arrangements including grievance redress
(x) Monitoring and evaluation

85. The Project also proposed to arrange for learning visits of selected personnel to other
projects with successful resettlement programs.
 37

VIII. Resettlement Budget and Financing

A. Resettlement Costs

86. Apart from land acquisition costs, the other major costs envisaged for RP
implementation were: (i) cost of moving to temporary housing for the transit camp, (ii) cost of
provision of permanent housing, income restoration, and administrative cost.

87. Housing for affected households was the main resettlement activity under the Project.
With support from VAMBAY (Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna), a Government of India housing
scheme for the urban poor and later, Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP), the Project
provided flats with legal title to households and shops that were removed from the canal banks.
The average estimated cost of flats was Rs 84,000. In Manikhali and Churial the cost per unit
was envisaged to be somewhat higher due to land preparation, construction of an approach
road, and other infrastructure. Under the VAMBAY scheme, the affected people were eligible for
an amount of Rs 30,000 per family as government subsidy. Beneficiary contribution of 5% of the
cost was envisaged, while the remaining cost was to be borne by the Project.

88. The Project cost for housing including temporary arrangements was estimated as Rs,
310,716,195 in 2006. Table 19 shows the canal-wise budget versus actual costs incurred for
housing for all affected households who were resettled.

Table 19: Budget vs. Actual Cost of Flats and Temporary Shelters (Rs. million)
Canal Households Project cost Households Project cost
(budget) (actual)
TP 2688 196.60 2320 314.41
Keorapukur 571 62.31 79 30.24
Monikhali 270 50.01
Churial 387 42.23 211 52.11
Temporary housing 95.80 -
Total 3626 310.72 2880 446.77

80. The total estimated budget for implementation of the short Resettlement Plan of the
Padirhati Pumping Station subproject, including payment of compensation and assistance to
the entitled APs, preparation of identity card, cost of resettlement operation and
management for the Project and engaging Independent external Monitor is INR
32,45,000.00 (US$ 70,960) (US$ 1.00 = INR 45.73).A break up of the cost estimate is given
in the following table. (Table 20) The actual resettlement cost was : (a) cost of land INR
24,00000, stamp duty and registration INR 170,410, advocate and other fees INR 50,000,
i.e., a total of INR 26,20,410 INR (USD 57,302).
 38

Table 20. Tentative Budget

Total
S.
Item Unit Quantity Unit cost (INR) cost
No
(INR)
A. Compensation
1 Private Land Value Acre 0.2191, 1,20,94,934.00 26,50,000.00
Basic cost of land 26,50,000.00

2 Stamp Duty & Registration @7.1% 1,88,160.00

cost
3 Solatium @ 15% Not applicable
4 Interest @ 6% Not applicable
Sub-Total of A 28,38,160.00
B. Temporary Access to Structure
1 Shop No. 13 1500 19,500
Sub-Total of B 19,500.00
C. Resettlement Assistance
1 Income Assistance 15 days 13 AP Rs 1000
13,000
2 Vulnerable Assistance - 9 AF
L/s
9,000
Sub-Total of C 22,000.00
D. Support for resettlement plan implementation
1
Social Development Unit
of KEIP including Logistics 20,000
2 Training 10,000
3 Independent External
Monitoring 10,000
Sub-Total of D 40,000
Total (A+B+C+D) 27,19,660.00
Contingencies @ 10% 2,71,966.00
Rs. 29,91,626.00, or,
Total
29,92,000.00
Source: Short Resettlement Plan for Padirhati Sewage Pumping Station, February 2010.
Note: Market valuation of the land has been informally collected from the Revenue officer of the concerned circle and also
from the local people. This needs to be authenticated at the time of fixation of compensation and by Grievance Redress
Committee constituted by KEIP.

B. Resettlement Budget versus Actual Expenditure (Canal improvements only)

89. In 2000, an amount of US$ 4.8 million was provided for resettlement under the RRP.
The Loan Agreement signed in 2002 slightly raised the resettlement budget provision to
US$ 5.0 million.

90. The Project’s estimate for resettlement in 2006 was US$ 6.90 million, but this amount
was not included in the supplementary loan proposal. It was proposed to keep the resettlement
cost within the original budget provision. The actual resettlement cost was US$ 16.74 million
(the figure is based on the then conversion rate (US$ 1=INR 45.73)) (Table 21).
 39

Table 21: Resettlement Costs

S. No. Item Amount budgeted in Amount spent (Rs.
2006 RP (Rs. million) million)
1 Transit resettlement 4.30 3.91
2 Resettlement in VAMBAY/ BSUP flats 306.42 446.77
3 Cost of transport allowance for APs 0.105 0.126
4 Costs to address temporary impacts 0.295 Nil
5 Cost of livelihood and security measures 0.35 0.84
6 Monitoring cost 1.5 0.99
7 Contingency (15%) 46.95
Sub-total 359.92 452.636
8 Land acquisition (transfer) cost 119.70 207.14
9 Admin costs+ Finance charges (i.e. 48.79 105.76
overheads & interest on loan)
Sub-total 168.49 312.9
Total 527.91 765.536

X. Monitoring and Evaluation

91. Internal and external resettlement monitoring was undertaken both internally and
externally. In addition to quantitative monitoring, qualitative monitoring was conducted, using a
variety of tools and methods such as: key informant interviews, focus group discussions,
community public meetings, structured direct observations and case studies.

92. Internal Monitoring. The Social Development Unit (SDU) within the Project was
responsible for regular internal monitoring. The SDU’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Unit (RRU)
comprised four members: Senior Consultant (1), Consultant (1), and the Project’s Social Sector
Staff (4). The NGO Coordinator and the SCP Consultants of the SDU also provided assistance,
when required. Two NGOs provided assistance in carrying out field level resettlement activities.
This Team prepared monthly plans to check progress of RP implementation.

93. The internal monitoring was focused on all affected families, as this was expected to
give a true picture of Resettlement Plan activities impact on them. At the field level, the
monitoring mechanism was centred around Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs). These groups
were in regular contact with canal bank dwellers to redress any grievances they may have had
about resettlement assistance and related issues. In addition to review of internal monitoring at
the SDU level, the internal monitoring report was reviewed by the Project Director every month.
The Project Review Committee (PRC) headed by the Mayor of Kolkata was also responsible for
review of the monitoring reports and suggest follow up actions, as required.

94. The focus of internal monitoring was to be on the following aspects:

(i) Compensation and assistance
(ii) Resettlement entitlement, transit camp, land development
(iii) Income restoration
(iv) Special intervention for vulnerable groups
(v) Women empowerment through sensitization, participation and training
(vi) Information sharing and consultation
(vii) Grievance redress
(viii) Implementation strategy and schedule sharing
 40

(ix) Coverage of APs under the government’s poverty alleviation and income
generation schemes 25
(x) Formation of women’s self-help groups and their vocational training.

95. External Monitoring. The Project appointed an external monitor to provide an objective
and independent perspective on all matters pertaining to RP implementation. Key activities
under external monitoring included:
• Verification and review of internal monitoring reports prepared by the project.
• Comparative study pre and post relocation.
• Impact assessment through one to one interviews, focus group discussions, and
consultation with stakeholders and community leaders.
• Selection and identification of impact indicators.
• Assessing the efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of the resettlement
procedures.
• Assistance in future resettlement policy formulation and planning.

96. Methods used were:

• Key informant interviews: select local leaders, persons with special knowledge or
experience about resettlement activities and implementation.
• Focus group discussion: specific topics on compensation, services at resettlement areas,
income restoration, gender to be discussed in group sessions.
• Community public meetings: at the resettlement areas to elicit information on various
resettlement activities.
• Structured direct observations: field observations on status of resettlement
implementation, individual and group interviews.
• Case studies: on APs or communities from various social classes to assess resettlement
impact.

97. Reporting Requirements. Internal monitoring reports were to be prepared every month.
The external monitor was to submit quarterly reports in the first three years and two reports for
the remaining project duration. External monitoring aimed at verification of the results of internal
monitoring, and evaluation of whether the objectives of the plan were being met. The external
monitor’s reported were submitted to ADB and the PMU.

25
Although convergence with income generation schemes was not achieved, convergence with housing schemes for
the urban poor was successfully achieved, with 581 flats provided under Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)
and 2114 flats under Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP).
 41

Appendix 1

APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN (2000)

1. This summary draws on the resettlement plan (RP) prepared for the Project. Two project
components will require land acquisition: (i) sewerage and drainage improvements (part B), and
(ii) solid waste management (part C). Canal improvements (part E) will require the relocation of
informal dwellers from government-owned lands (canals); for the purpose of this appendix, this
will be classified as “land acquisition”.

A. Implementation Arrangements

2. Resettlement will be the responsibility of the Irrigation and Waterways Department (IWD)
of the government of West Bengal and the Calcutta Municipal Corporation (CMC). Each
organization will have a project management unit, which will contain personnel with community
development skills for managing the resettlement operations. Nongovernment organizations
(NGOs), engaged under the loan, will facilitate implementation of the resettlement plan, and will
serve as the link to the affected people. The NGOs will involve the affected people in all
decision-making regarding relocation and resettlement criteria, facilitate formation of livelihood
groups, encourage the formation of community-based organizations, and ensure that affected
people are assisted according to agreed entitlements. No Calcutta NGOs have resettlement
experience; however, some Calcutta NGOs have demonstrated experience and skill in
implementing community development programs and would be suitable for this activity. At the
community level, community resettlement groups will be established. These will be broad-based
groups to provide representation for all affected people. At least 50 percent of committee
members will be women.

B. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement

1. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements (Part B)

3. The land required for development works under this component is not large, i.e., 15
hectares (ha) for the sewage treatment plant, and 0.25-4.0 ha for each of the nine pumping
stations. Two possible locations for the sewage treatment plant have been identified, one of
which is in the jurisdiction of the Rajpur Sonarpur Municipality (RSM). Although the municipality
and CMC own these marshy lands, the lands’ encroachers are living on them. About 50
encroachers are on the CMC and about 25 are on the RSM land. When these lands are taken
over by CMC, these encroachers will lose their livelihoods. Except for the Beerpara sewerage
pumping station, tracts of marshy lands belonging to CMC are being considered for the
remaining eight pumping stations. For the Beerpara pumping station, the possible sites
identified include two public parks and one pond near a railway bridge.

2. Solid Waste Management (Part C)

4. About 2 ha of land will be required for the construction of garage facilities in Javadpur.
Privately owned land suitable for the purpose has been identified. While 80 ha of land required
for the compost plant is already available at Dhapa, the development program will eventually
close off the existing landfill to trash sorters. Approximately 625 trash sorters will lose their
livelihoods. While 2.28 ha of land required for the compost plant is already available at Noapara,
the Project will also eventually close the site to trash sorters, about 30 sorters will lose their
livelihoods.
 42

3. Canal Improvements (Part E)

5. About 58 settlements are located along 34 km of canals that will be improved under the
Project. The Project will potentially displace about 3,600 households (11,000 people) along the
canal banks. Efforts have been made to minimize displacement by reducing the width of the
canals, reclaiming of land from canal banks, and maneuvering rights-of-way to allow the
households to remain in place. Where relocation is unavoidable, people will be moved to sites
as close to their existing homes as possible, at a maximum distance of 800 meters and up to 2
kilometers in some unavoidable cases. By avoiding relocation to distant sites, affected people
will be able to continue with their present employment.

C. Policy Framework and Entitlements

6. The Asian Development Bank policy on Involuntary Resettlement and the 1894 Land
Acquisition Act provide the framework for resettlement. Within this framework, the resettlement
plan provides a comprehensive package of compensation and assistance to all affected people.
The plan provides mitigation for (i) loss of assets, including land, house, or workplace; (ii) loss of
livelihood or income opportunities; and (iii) collective impacts on groups, such as the loss of
community assets and other common property resources.

7. Affected people will be given the option to relocate themselves to a place of their
preference or to move to a relocation site. Those who relocate themselves will be paid an
amount equivalent to the replacement value of their existing structure. Affected people moving
to relocation sites will be allocated a plot area of 17 square meters for households with 5
members, and 20 square meters for households with more than 5 members or more than 3
adult members. People who have no legal title to their land constitute the majority of affected
persons under the Project. The housing package for canal dwellers and others with no legal title
will include (i) a plot area for a house, (ii) replacement value of the existing structure, less
salvage value; (iii) assistance for upgrading from a thatched-roof structure to a structure
comprising bamboo and roofing material; and (iv) a resettlement allowance for a reasonable
period as will be decided by the implementation committee. The implementation committee will
comprise project management unit staff and canal-level community resettlement groups. CMC
will assist specially vulnerable households to build their houses in the relocation sites.

8. Canal improvement works will commence only after relocation is complete. Affected
people will transfer to the relocation houses only after their new houses are built. Affected
people will build their own houses in the new sites. Once the movement to the new site is
completed, the affected people, with assistance from IWD/CMC, will demolish the old houses.
The affected people will be encouraged to salvage materials at the time of demolition.

D. Consultations and Disclosure of Information

9. Consultations and numerous discussions have been held with key people and
stakeholders. To make the public consultations effective, participatory rapid appraisal exercises
in the form of group meetings and discussions were conducted with groups of stakeholders. Key
people were identified in each locality. Most key people are actually the local ward committee,
municipal, and village councilors or members; political and religious leaders; youth
representatives; schoolteachers; or other eminent people within the locales. The key people
were instrumental in discussions with affected people on the design of resettlement packages,
options for housing, location of new sites, etc. Separate meetings were held with women to
identify their specific needs and concerns. The more vulnerable among the women were
 43

identified for added assistance. The women were also consulted on site selection, housing
pattern, civic amenities, and livelihood concerns. The Project takes adequate measures for
disclosure of the resettlement plan.

E. Grievance Redress and Transparency

10. The Project will establish a grievance redress mechanism to deal with complaints from
affected people. There will be one information booth for each canal-level community
resettlement group. Each group will have a member secretary who will be responsible for
disseminating information and receiving the summary requirements of the settlement-level
community resettlement group and stakeholder complaints. The NGOs will ensure that
grievances are acted upon in an effective manner. The Project’s participatory approach to
implementation will ensure transparency and accountability. NGOs are expected to play a
significant role in this approach. To avoid any accusation of impropriety and corruption, all
payments relating to compensation and resettlement assistance will be made publicly.

F. Vulnerable Groups

11. People who will be affected by the Project are mostly living below the poverty line. There
are 2,157 households who are considered poor, and 317 are households headed by women,
and 264 by elderly people. Many children between the ages of 7 and 14 years work in the
settlements. Boys work mostly in teashops and small roadside shops or industries. Girls mostly
work as domestic helpers. During the monsoon months, children work in prawn processing
centers. When there is a short supply of prawns, children then move on to work as trash sorters
in landfill sites. In the Dhapa landfill site, sorters (adults and children) will lose their livelihood
with the mechanization of solid waste management by the year 2010. The resettlement plan
incorporates an action plan for retraining sorters at the Dhapa landfill site. In the interim period,
sorters will be provided with gloves, boots, aprons, and masks, and will be given periodic health
check-ups. With the closure of the landfill site, they will be assisted to establish alternative
livelihoods. An action plan for the rehabilitation of child workers from canal settlements and
landfill sites is part of the resettlement plan. Children will be withdrawn from employment and
assisted in getting accommodation in schools, and for those who are 7 years old and above,
they will be trained for one year to prepare them for admission to existing formal schools.

G. Monitoring and Evaluation

12. The social development unit within CMC will be responsible for internal monitoring. The
focus of internal monitoring will be on (i) compensation and assistance package, (ii)
resettlement, (iii) recovery, (iv) vulnerable groups, (v) women, (vi) information sharing and
consultation, (vii) grievance redress, and (viii) budget and implementation scheduling. The
social development unit will contract out external monitoring to a qualified social science
research institute, an NGO, or a consulting firm. The external monitoring agency will submit
quarterly reports in the first three years of the Project, and then two reports a year for the
remaining project duration. External monitoring will verify the results of internal monitoring, and
evaluate whether the objectives of the resettlement plan are being met.
 44

Appendix 2

APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN (2006)

On 19 December 2000, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved the Calcutta
(Kolkata) Environment Improvement Project to assist the Government in achieving sanitation
improvements in the outer areas of Kolkata municipality. Supplementary financing is being
processed to address (i) cost overruns, (ii) price escalation, (iii) cost increases due to physical
and design changes, and (iv) cost underestimates. A resettlement plan (RP) was prepared for
the Project in 2000. The RP was updated in 2006 based on project design and physical
changes: specifically: (i) increase in the length of canal improvements, (ii) cancellation of
sewage treatment plant components and drainage pumping stations, and (iii) a change in
location for the solid waste management facility.

Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement. Project design has carefully

incorporated engineering solutions to minimize land acquisition and resettlement impacts.
Changes in project design had the objective of causing least disruption to the project area
population. In the case of canal improvement which affects the most persons among project
components, design changes avoided densely populated canal tracts.26 Component siting and
alignment continue to be studied with the objective of reducing land acquisition and resettlement
impacts as the Project is implemented.

Components B (sewerage and drainage improvements), C (solid waste management),

and E (canal improvements) require land.27 For Component B, the 2.58 hectares (ha) required
for sewage pumping stations is government land.28 Sewage treatment plant works will be within
existing facilities. Component B will result in temporary impacts due to construction of trunk
sewer lines. For Component C, an estimated 60 ha is required for the solid waste management
facility. The land will be sited within KMC property. The eventual closure of the current landfill
site will have impacts on garbage sorters. For Component E, 77.31 kilometers of canals will be
improved. While land acquisition is not required at the canal sites, it will affect a significant
numbers of canal dwellers. Government land will be used for the relocation sites.

Policy Framework and Entitlements. The policy framework and entitlements for the
Project are based on national law (i) The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (LAA, amended in 1984), (ii)
the National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation for Project Affected Persons, 2004
(NRRP), and (iii) ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement, 1995. A summary of the entitlement
matrix is in the table below.

26
For example, in the case of the Keorapukur canal, canal improvement was reduced from 9 kilometers (km)
to 1.148 km. In the case of the Churial canal, the same objective of avoiding a thickly populated settlement was
achieved through a slight diversion through the Churial Extension canal that involved an increase in the canal length
from 24 km to 27.545 km.
27
The Project will improve the urban environment in outer areas of Kolkota Municipality through six
components: (A) stakeholder consultation program, (B) sewerage and drainage improvements, (C) solid waste
management, (D) slum improvements, (E) canal improvements, and (F) implementation assistance and capacity
building. The project area covers boroughs I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, VII and XV (outer areas of Kolkata municipality) for
parts B, D and E of the Project, with parts A, C and F covering all boroughs within the municipality.
28
Eight drainage pumping stations originally proposed have been dropped from the Project based on revised
project design.
 45

An assessment of the status and progress of project implementation shows that for
components that will require land and result in resettlement impacts—progress has been slow.
As a result, all affected persons (APs) will be provided compensation and assistance based on
this updated RP.

Entitlement Matrix

Type of Loss Application Definition of Compensation Policy

Entitled Person
Canal Improvement Works
1 Loss of Loss of Encroacher/ squatter 1. Provision of 190 square foot VAMBAY flat with
structure residential household head connections to basic urban services (water supply,
structure electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-
resalable lease.
29
2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300
3. Exemption from any registration costs, and other fees
related to moving into VAMBAY flats.
4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable
households (item 4).
2 Loss of Loss of Encroacher/squatter 1. Provision of 100 square foot shops which will form part of
30
structure commercial business operator the VAMBAY complex provided to AP with the condition
structure that employee(s) if any will be retained.
2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300
3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees
related to shops.
4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable
households (item 4).
3 Loss of Loss of Encroacher/ squatter 1. Provision of 190 square foot ground floor VAMBAY flat
structure residential cum household head with connections to basic urban services (water supply,
commercial electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-
structure resalable lease on the condition that employee(s) if any
will be retained.
2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300
3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees
related to moving into VAMBAY flats.
4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable
households (item 4).
4 Impacts on Loss of structure Households headed 1. Provision of ground floor VAMBAY flats which has
highly by females, the commercial possibilities.
vulnerable elderly (over 65) or 2. Livelihood training.
APs handicapped, and 3. Priority in allocation of land for social forestry and
BPL households. vegetable/crop production along canal banks.

Child laborers 4. Schooling based on National Policy.

5. Implementing a plan of action for rehabilitation co-
developed with UNICEF, Save the Children, NGOs and
CBOs.
6. Gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming
child laborers into the educational stream.
5 Loss of Loss of access Community 1. Replacement of affected schools.
Community to community 2. Community sheds in the VAMBAY complex will be
Structures structures provided for activities such as community meetings,
recreational activities, meetings of the user groups, and
vocational trainings.
3. Salvaging of materials for reuse or sale by the

29
Rs 300 is based on transport requirements of the first 165 households shifted to VAMBAY flats. Because of
the proximity, the allowance provided 4 autorickshaw trips found to be adequate to transport the AF’s belongings or
labor assistance for about 3 days.
30
These will be in the perimeter of the residential structures
 46

Type of Loss Application Definition of Compensation Policy

Entitled Person
community organization allowed.
Sewerage and Drainage
6 Temporary Temporary loss Legal owner(s), 1. 60 days advance notice including a repeat notification 30
loss of of access to tenant(s), days in advance, notification through loudspeakers 7
access land, structure, leaseholder(s), days in advance, and notification through Cable Network
utilities, encroacher(s), or 3 days in advance
common squatter(s) 2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across
property trenches) where possible and traffic management to
resource ensure access is maintained
3. Restoration of affected land, structure, utilities, common
property resource
7 Temporary Temporary loss Business owner(s), 1. 60 days advance notice including a repeat notification 30
loss of of livelihood/ tenant(s), days in advance, notification through loudspeakers 7
livelihood source of leaseholder(s), days in advance, and notification through Cable Network
income employee(s), 3 days in advance
hawker(s)/vendors(s) 2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across
trenches) where possible and traffic management to
ensure access is maintained
3. Provision of alternative sites in the vicinity for continued
economic activity/ or compensation of lost income
4. Restoration of affected land, structure, utilities, common
property resource
Solid Waste
Management
8 Loss of Loss of Garbage 1. In the interim, provisions on gloves, boots, aprons, and
livelihood livelihood/ collectors/ragpickers masks, and will be given periodic health check-ups.
source of 2. Post closure, assistance in establishing alternative
income
livelihoods.
9 Any other 1. Unanticipated involuntary impacts shall be documented
loss not and mitigated based on the principles in ADB’s IR Policy
identified

Information Dissemination, Consultation, Disclosure and Grievance Redress. The

Project adopts a participatory approach throughout RP implementation. Every month, a series of
interactive session with all stakeholders including APs, ward committee members, municipal
councilors, and civil society groups are conducted. Thirty-seven Canal Resettlement Groups
(CRGs) with a total of 460 AP members were formed. CRGs meet at regular intervals to decide
and discuss issues related to their community. These CRGs will be the basis of housing
cooperatives when APs are moved to the VAMBAY flats. 31 The Project regularly distributes
English and local language pamphlets containing project progress to stakeholders. Information
booths have been set up in construction sites and in resettlement areas. The Project is setting up
information booths in boroughs and canals/settlements to increase information dissemination.
Resettlement planning information was disclosed to APs and other stakeholders.

At the settlement level, CRGs address grievances of APs. CRGs are expected to resolve
any issue brought forward within a week, after which the grievance is brought to the engaged
NGO which is given one week to resolve grievances. Grievances not resolved by the NGO are
brought to the SDU, which in consultation with the Councilor and appropriate government
authority, will address the grievance within one week. Grievances not redressed by the SDU are
brought to the Grievance Redress Committee comprising the Councilor, two members from the
SDU, two project staff, and two representatives from the CRGs. Grievances not addressed by
the GRC within two weeks will be brought by the AP to the appropriate court of law.

31
CRGs will also be responsible for the operation and maintenance of infrastructural facilities, such as
drainage, internal pathways, solid waste collection, and water supply in the VAMBAY flats.
 47

Compensation and Income Restoration. Loss of structures (residential and

commercial) will be replaced with apartments/shops/residential-cum-commercial units from the
Valmiki Ambedkar Shari Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) urban housing scheme of the Government.
The affected household will contribute 5% of the cost of the unit, in exchange, from being
informal dwellers on government land, they become legal owners of units with access to basic
urban infrastructure. Units will be given on a 99 year non-resaleable lease in the name of the
female head of the household. In addition, affected households are entitled to a shifting grant of
Rs 300.00.

The highly vulnerable group comprise households headed by women, the elderly, and
disabled/handicapped; very poor households with incomes less than Rs 2,300 per month and
child laborers. Legal titles will be in the name of women, and thus the Project will help promote
the empowerment of women. To assist the highly vulnerable, the Project will provide them with
ground floor VAMBAY flats which have commercial possibilities, provide access to land for
social forestry and vegetable/crop production in rehabilitated canal banks, and facilitate access
to livelihood and other social programs of the Government. Child laborers will be provided: (i)
schooling based on National Policy, (ii) assistance based on a plan of action for rehabilitation,
and (iii) gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child laborers into the educational
stream.

Institutional Framework, Resettlement Costs, and Implementation Schedule. The

Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), the executing agency (EA), has established a Social
Development Unit (SDU) within its Project Management Unit (PMU). It coordinates its activities
with all government agencies as well as non-government organizations (NGOs). The
responsibility for implementing canal works is with the Irrigation and Waterways Department
(IWD), the other EA for the Project. The SDU is responsible for all tasks connected with
resettlement and rehabilitation of APs in a participatory manner, livelihood restoration program,
internal monitoring, and reporting. This requires them to be in regular consultation with APs in
the field. Although a strong field presence is essential, no staff will be recruited for this purpose
in either the KMC or the IWD. Instead, the Project will involve consultants and engage NGOs as
Implementing Agencies (IAs). Two NGOs have been engaged specifically for field level
implementation of resettlement activities.

The estimated resettlement cost is US$ 6.90 million, for land transfer costs from other
government departments, transit village costs, cost of VAMBAY units, income restoration, and
administrative costs. Remaining resettlement implementation is expected to be completed within
an 18-month timeframe.

Monitoring and Evaluation. Internal and external monitoring will utilize quantitative
monitoring, and qualitative monitoring using a variety of tool and methods such key informant
interviews, focus group discussions, community public meetings, structured direct observations,
and case studies. The SDU will be responsible for conducting regular internal monitoring. The
SDU will prepare a monthly plan to check progress of RP implementation. Internal monitoring
will cover: compensation and assistance; resettlement entitlement, transit camp, and land
development; income restoration; special intervention for vulnerable groups; women
empowerment through sensitization, participation and training; information sharing and
consultation; grievance redress; implementation strategy and schedule sharing; coverage of
APs under various government schemes for poverty alleviation and income generation; and
formation of women’s self-help groups and their vocational training. An external monitor will be
engaged primarily to: create a database to be used as benchmark for monitoring project output
 48

and impacts, assess the degree of project outcomes and impacts in relation to urban
infrastructure development and rehabilitation, and identify the quality of life indicators against
which the impact of this Project in the project areas could be monitored.
 49

Appendix 3

APPENDIX 3: EXPLANATION OF WHY NO RESETTLEMENT IS REQUIRED

FOR 187 HOUSEHOLDS (reducing the number of affected families to 2880)

3A. SUMMARY OF SURVEY REPORT ON 187 AFs TO ASCERTAIN WILLINGNESS TO SHIFT TO

KEIP FLATS

A survey of 187 enlisted, affected families to whom identity cards had been provided was
carried out between 22.04.13 - 30.04.13. Of the 187 AFs, 137 AFs were from the TP canal
system and 50 AFs were from the Monikhali canal system. The Table below provides
settlement-wise details of these 187 AFs.

Table: Settlement-wise no of AFs

S. No. Name of Canal Name of Canal Bank Number of Canal Bank

Settlements Dweller Households
1 Ghoshpara (Along Santoshpur
Monikhali 50
Road)
2 Jamuna Nagar(C2C3) 63
3 Suti Mukundapur 43
4 Garfa Mondal Para 10
5 T. P. Basin SurveyPark 9
6 Naya Badh Budherhut 10
7 Rajdanga Mallickpara (CC1 W) 1
8 Haltu New Park (CC1 W) 1
Total 187

(A) Observations related to AFs of Monikhali canal system:

In Monikhali canal system, all the 50 AFs are in a single settlement, Ghoshpara, along Santoshpur Road.
The survey revealed that all enlisted AFs are shop-owners. Further, the AFs have submitted in writing that
they are reluctant to be shifted from their present settlement as their livelihood will be hampered badly if
they shift to KEIP flats.

(B) Observations related to AFs of TP canal system:

Card-holding canal bank dwellers of Jamuna Nagar (63 AFs) under TP system had earlier intimated the
Project in writing that they are not willing to vacate their present canal bank settlement. In course of
verification on 30.04.13, efforts were made to persuade them to vacate the canal bank and move to the
flats at Nonadanga constructed for them. They also presented documentary evidence where from it was
gathered that a majority of them have already constructed pucca structures on the canal banks and have
legal water supply and electricity connections and are paying tax to KMC regularly. Since they have legal
connections to utilities and are property tax payers, they do not perceive the need to shift.

Enlisted AFs from Suti Mukundapur canal bank (43 AFs) gave in writing that they are reluctant to be
shifted form their position as all of the AFs are gainfully engaged in jobs in the nearby commercial areas,
and the shift would affect their livelihood.

In Garfa Mondal Para, Survey Park, Naya Badh Budherhut, Rajdanga Mallick Para and Haltu New Park
canal bank settlements, 31 AFs to whom ID cards were issued by the Project, could not be located. The
locals could not provide information on where these families had moved.
 50

Appendix 3

3B. FAMILY-WISE EXPLANATION OF WHY NO RESETTLEMENT IS REQUIRED

FOR 187 HOUSEHOLDS (reducing the number of affected families to 2880)

A. MONIKHALI CANAL (50 Nos.)

Reasons why no
S.No. S.No. Name of Beneficiaries Card No.
resettlement required
1. Settlement: Ghoshpara (along Santoshpur Road)
1 1 Sri Srikanta Biswas MA 39019
2 2 Sri Sanjay MA 3929
3 3 Sri Saroj Kumar Pan MA 39032
4 4 Sri Raju Shaw MA 39023
5 5 Sri Mrinmoy MA 39031
6 6 Sri Haranidhi Pan MA 39028
7 7 Sm Krishna Pan MA 39030
8 8 S. Padma Biswas MA 39018
9 9 Sri Barun MA 39020
10 10 Sri Monoranjan Mallick MA 39021
11 11 Sri Krishanu Mullick MA 39022
12 12 Sri Subhasish Ghosh MA 39046
13 13 Sri Bablu Ghosj MA 39042
14 14 Sri Dulal Dutta MA 39033
15 15 Sri Anjan Ghosh MA 39044
16 16 Sm Dipan Ghosh MA 39046
17 17 Sri Sudipta Ghosh MA 39043
18 18 Sri Amar Kumar Ghosh MA 39005
19 19 Sri Gour Das MA 39075 All AFs are shopkeepers,
20 20 Sri Pannalal Adak MA 39053 hence unwilling to relocate
21 21 Sri Kumaresh Adak MA 39052 due to potential loss of
22 22 Sri Ajay Manna MA 39055 livelihood.
23 23 Sri Prabir Gayen MA 39055A
24 24 Sri Naren Manna MA 39054
25 25 Sri Swapan Das MA 39090
26 26 Sri Satyabrata Dutta MA 39024
27 27 Sri Samir Dutta MA 39025
28 28 Sri Santirani Dey MA 39089
29 29 Sri Ashok Santra MA 39063
30 30 Sri Santi Pan MA 39049
31 31 Sri Nopu Pan MA 39050
32 32 Sri Shanti Pan MA 39048
33 33 Sri Mrinal Khara MA 39084
34 34 Sri Biplab Pal MA 39088
35 35 Sm Sumita Nayek MA 39081
36 36 Sri Sukumar Senko MA 39049
37 37 Sri Lalmohan Parkray MA 39101
38 38 Sri Gokul Barik MA 39093
39 39 Sm Mina barik MA 39094
40 40 Sri Tapas Ghosh MA 39087
 51

41 41 Sri Pradip Ghosh MA 39039

42 42 Sri Poltu Senko MA 39049A
43 43 Sri Subhash Ghosh MA 39079
44 44 Sri Lalmohan Parkray MA 3992
45 45 Sri Shibnath Dhara MA 39071
46 46 Sri Akshay Dhara MA 39066
47 47 Sri Raghunath Dhara MA 39065
48 48 Sri Bhim Chandra Dhara MA 39060B
49 49 Sri Rabin Mullick MA 39086
50 50 Nazrul Islam MA 39064

B. T P BASIN (137 Nos.)

1. Garfa Mondal Para (IC)
51 1 BHOLA IN1919
52 2 TAPAN MISHRA IN1937
53 3 BHUPESH DAS IN1970
54 4 SURESH SHAW IN1972 Whereabouts of these AFs
could not be ascertained as
55 5 A. BHATTACHARYA IN1973
they had moved out, of their
56 6 TARUN NASKAR IN194 own free will, to unknown
57 7 DEEPANKAR CHAKRABORTY IN195 places.
58 8 NILIMA SINGH IN 1934
59 9 ANJAN DAS IN 1977
60 10 SURESH HALDER IN 1842
2. Haltu New Park (CC1 W)
Whereabouts of this AF could
not be ascertained as the
SADHANA DEY family had moved out, of its
own free will, to an unknown
61 11 19/HNP/06 place.
3. Rajdanga Mullick Para (CC1 W)
Whereabouts of this AF could
not be ascertained as the
HALIMA MONDAL 16/RJDMLP/06 family had moved out, of its
own free will, to an unknown
62 12 place.
4. Jamuna Nagar (C2C3)
63 13 Smt. Moumita Das 01/JMNG/06 All AFs have own houses with
64 14 Rajobala Mondal 02/JMNG/06 civic facilities, hence unwilling
65 15 Gita Rani Ghosh 03/JMNG/06 to shift.
66 16 Phoolalakshmi Roy 04/JMNG/06/
67 17 Promila Mistry 05/JMNG/06
68 18 Anjali Majumdar 06/JMNG/06
69 19 Swarupa Mondal 07/JMNG/06
70 20 Kabita Gayen 08/JMNG/06
71 21 Kanan Das 09/JMNG/06
72 22 Jharna Sapui 10/JMNG/06
73 23 Tapala Mondal 11/JMNG/06
74 24 Renubala Mandal 12/JMNG/06
75 25 Saraswati Kayal 13/JMNG/06
76 26 Kalipada Mondal 14/JMNG/06
 52

77 27 Binodini Gayen 15/JMNG/06

78 28 Haripada Das 16/JMNG/06 All AFs have own houses with
civic facilities, hence unwilling
79 29 Raghunath Das (Renubala Das) 17/JMNG/06 to shift.
80 30 Sadhana Chowdhury 18/JMNG/06
81 31 Pratima Bhattyacharya 19/JMNG/06
82 32 Minati Mukherjee 20/JMNG/06
83 33 Sandhya Paramanik 21/JMNG/06
84 34 Basanti Biswas 22/JMNG/06
85 35 Bapi Mondal (Jharna Mondal) 23/JMNG/06
86 36 Dilip Mistri (Santilata Mistry) 24/JMNG/06
87 37 Sumitra Sapui 25/JMNG/06
88 38 Padma Rani Das 26/JMNG/06
89 39 Sumitra Manna 27/JMNG/06
90 40 Bimal Krishna Mondal 28/JMNG/06
91 41 Madhabi Deb 29/JMNG/06
92 42 Brihaspati Mondal 30/JMNG/06
93 43 Paritosh Sarkar 31/JMNG/06
94 44 Rekha Saha 32/JMNG/06
95 45 Surabala Adhikari 33/JMNG/06
96 46 Sobha Biswas 34/JMNG/06
97 47 Rekha Das 35/JMNG/06
98 48 Manju Mridha 36/JMNG/06
99 49 Tanushree Roy Mondal 37/JMNG/06
100 50 Goutam Mondal (Gita Mondal) 38/JMNG/06
101 51 Sandhya Rani Das 39/JMNG/06
102 52 Ranjana Edbor 40/JMNG/06
103 53 Anima Roy 41/JMNG/06
104 54 Kanika Sil 42/JMNG/06
105 55 Himangini Majumdar 43/JMNG/06
106 56 Gouri Banik 44/JMNG/06
107 57 Nila Das 45/JMNG/06
108 58 Sabitri Hawladar 46/JMNG/06
109 59 Bhanumati Paramanik 47/JMNG/06
110 60 Rani Baidya 48/JMNG/06
111 61 Saraswati Shaw 49/JMNG/06
112 62 Sita Haldar 50/JMNG/06
113 63 Pramila Naskar 51/JMNG/06
114 64 Suchitra Mandal 52/JMNG/06
115 65 Sona Haldar 53/JMNG/06
116 66 Anjali Sarkar 54/JMNG/06
117 67 Maya Roy 55/JMNG/06
118 68 Subhadra Pramanik 56/JMNG/06
119 69 Upen Mandal (Kajolbala Mondal) 57/JMNG/06
120 70 Gayatri Haldar 58/JMNG/06
121 71 Sandha Singh 59/JMNG/06
122 72 Uttara Mondal 60/JMNG/06
123 73 Saraswati Gayan 61/JMNG/06
124 74 Sandhya Adhikari 62/JMNG/06
 53

125 75 Binapani Sarkar 63/JMNG/06

5. Survey Park
126 76 Adhir Chandra Dey 01//06
127 77 Majid Gaji 02//06
128 78 Tarun Naskar 03//06 Whereabouts of these AFs
129 79 Haider Ali Gaji 04//06 could not be ascertained as
130 80 Pradip Sardar 05//06 they had moved out, of their
131 81 Swagata Seal 06//06 own free will, to unknown
132 82 Bablu Poddar 07//06 places.
133 83 Kajal Das 08//06
134 84 Pulak Saha 09//06
6. Suti Mukundapur
135 85 Sikha Majumdar 1/MKP/06
136 86 Shanti Das 2/MKP/06
137 87 Nilima Gayen (Sandhya Gayen) 3/MKP/06
138 88 Sandhya Das 4/MKP/06
139 89 Sneho Lata Halder 5/MKP/06
140 90 Jyotsna Dey 6/MKP/06
141 91 Hari Barai 7/MKP/06
142 92 Amiya Das 8/MKP/06
143 93 Sandhya Saha 9/MKP/06
144 94 Lekha Rani Dey 10/MKP/06
145 95 Arati Das/Lakshmi Rani Dey 11/MKP/06
146 96 Padma Patowari 12/MKP/06
147 97 Basanti Mukherjee 13/MKP/06
148 98 Sandhya Das 14/MKP/06
149 99 Gopeswari Das 15/MKP/06
150 100 Makhomani Das 16/MKP/06
All AFs are employed in large,
151 101 Chinu Rani Das 17/MKP/06
commercial establishments
152 102 Bina Das 18/MKP/06 nearby, hence reluctant to
153 103 Puspo Das 19/MKP/06 shift due to potential loss of
154 104 Durjodhan Das 20/MKP/06 livelihood.
155 105 Bakul Das 21/MKP/06
156 106 Anima Ghosh 22/MKP/06
157 107 Bivarani Poddar 23/MKP/06
158 108 Narayan Das (Renubala Das) 24/MKP/06
159 109 Papia Chakraborty (Khusi Roy) 25/MKP/06
160 110 Dipa Das 26/MKP/06
161 111 Basantika Das 27/MKP/06
162 112 Geeta Paul 28/MKP/06
163 113 Kalpana Paul (Renubala Paul) 29/MKP/06
164 114 Pratima Dey 30/MKP/06
165 115 Rina Das 31/MKP/06
166 116 Gouri Maity 32/MKP/06
167 117 Tarulata Das 33/MKP/06
168 118 Mangari Saha 34/MKP/06
169 119 Maya Saha 35/MKP/06
170 120 Anita Das 36/MKP/06
 54

171 121 Bani Das 37/MKP/06

172 122 Purnima Sarkar 38/MKP/06
173 123 Gouri Saha 39/MKP/06
174 124 Lt. Khudiram Adhikari 40/MKP/06
175 125 Putul Bhowmick 41/MKP/06
176 126 Rekha Adhikari 42/MKP/06
177 127 Gouri Sengupta 43/MKP/06
7. Nayabad Budherhut
178 128 Anita Pal OO1/NBDH/06
179 129 Mani Gopal Dasgupta OO2/NBDH/06
180 130 Mahendra Sarkar OO3/NBDH/06
181 131 Sandhya Gayen OO4/NBDH/06 Whereabouts of these AFs
182 132 Sumri Sardar OO5/NBDH/06 could not be ascertained as
they had moved out, of their
183 133 Gita Rauth OO6/NBDH/06
own free will, to unknown
184 134 Lila Sarder OO7/NBDH/06 places.
185 135 Akash Khan OO8/NBDH/06
186 136 Sabitri Mondal OO9/NBDH/06
187 137 Basudeb Mondal 10/NBDH/06
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Appendix 5

APPENDIX 5: LIST OF AFFECTED FAMILIES AT PADIRHATI PUMPING STATION

SI. Name of AP/ Head of Father's/Husband's Name of Titleholder of the affected Status of Type of
Remarks
No. Household Name Property Ownership loss
1 Jamaluddin Molla Husnu Molla Hasan All /Liakat All & Rajab Ali Tenant Access Temporary
Mondal Shop
2 Md. lsaq Qureshi NA Hasan All /Liakat All & Rajab Ali Tenant Access to Temporary
Mondal Shop
3 Saiful Islam Roshan All Hasan Ali /Liakat All & Rajab All Tenant Access to Temporary
Mondal Shop
4 Surajit Das Netai Das Hasan All /Liakat All & Rajab All Tenant Access to Temporary
Mondal Shop
5 Shekh Ramjan Lt.Shekh Wadulla Hasan All /Liakat Ali & Rajab All Tenant Access to Temporary
Mondal Shop
6 Sakawat Hussain Lt. Abdul Motaleb Sakawat Hussain Molla LTH Access to Temporary
Molla Molla Shop
7 Md. Ansar Lt. Md. Zainul Sk. Kamal Uddin Tenant Access to Temporary
Shop
8 Sk. Hazi Sarauddin Sk. Hazi Amjad All Sk. Hazi Sarauddin LTH Access to Temporary
Shop
9 Alamgir Laskar Lt. Mujibar Alamgir Laskar LTH Access to Temporary
Raharnan Laskar Shop
10 Md. Sayed Md. Mursalim Md. Mursalim Son of Access to Temporary
LTH Shop
11 Md. Altab NA Md. Mursalim Tenant Access to Temporary
S h o p Temporary
12 Shajahan Mollah Md. Hanif Mollah Sarif Haidar Tenant Access to
Shop
13 Ebadulla Molla Lt. Asgar All Molla Ebadulla Molla LTH Access to Temporary
Shop
14 Asma Bibi D/o Sahjan Gazi Asma Bibi LTH Vacant land Permanent

15 Sk. Altaf Abdul Hossain Sk. Altaf LTH Vacant Permanent

land
16 Raouson Jahan Mejbauddin Raouson Jahan LTH Vacant Permanent
Thandar land
17 Kamaluddin Mejbauddin Kamaluddin Thandar LTH Vacant ' Permanent
Thandar Thandar land
18 Rajab All Mondal Lt. Yasin Mondal Rajab All Mondal LTH Vacant Permanent
land
19 Mejbauddin Lt. Borhan Mejbauddin Thandar LTH Vacant Permanent
Thandar Thandar land
20 Hasan All Mondal Lt. Yasin Mondal Hasan All Mondal LTH Vacant Permanent
land
21 Chahida Bibi W/o Lt. Yasin Chahida Bibi LTH Vacant Permanent
Mondal land
22 Kasem Mondal Lt. Golam Mostafa Kasem Mondal LTH Vacant Permanent
land
23 Jakir Fakir Lt. Mahinuddin Jakir Fakir LTH Vacant Permanent
Fakir land
24 Jahangir Fakir Lt. Jaynal Abedin Jahangir Fakir LTH Vacant Permanent
Fakir land
 113

25 Hanif Mondal Lt. Golam Mostafa Hanif Mondal LTH Vacant Permanent
land
26 Liyakat All Mondal Lt. Yasin Mondal Liyakat All Mondal LTH Vacant Permanent
land
27 Basar Fakir Lt.Kasem Fakir Basar Fakir LTH Vacant Permanent
land
28 Md. Mohasin NA Lt. Noor Nehar Bibi Husband Vacant Permanent
Mondal of Late land
LTH
Source: Short Resettlement Plan for Padirhati Pumping Station, February 2010
 114

Appendix 6

APPENDIX 6: ABSTRACT OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS IN PADIRHATI

Stakeholders' Participatory Consultation – Abstracts of a meeting held on 19 January

2010 at Padirhati ground, ward number 3.

Participants: 10 affected people and ward representative.

Issues discussed:
1. Safety measures;
2. Construction Work area;
3. Employment to the local people;
4. Compensation if land is acquired; and
5. Shifting of mobile kiosk/vendor

Opinion about the project:

1. The Project work should be completed within the shortest possible time as people
face a lot of problems;
2. There should be proper safety measures, e.g. signboard for the children's safety;
3. Access to the shop should be provided;
4. This project should ensure reduction in water logging which is currently hampering
business activities and daily living;
5. All weather roads that lie along the pipeline service road need to be improved;
6. This project will improve the quality of sewerage and drainage resulting in better
living conditions and health standards;
7. There will be employment opportunity to the local people during civil work;
8. More benefits of the project will arise after commissioning of the Pumping Station
by way of significant reduction in the contamination of the ground water,
improvement in the safety and reliability of the water supply systems and
improvements in public health in Padirhati.

Source: Short Resettlement Plan for Padirhati Pumping Station, February 2010