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THEORY OF STRUCTURES
CHAPTER 5 : THREE PIN
ARCH
by
Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources
saffuan@ump.edu.my
• Expected Outcomes :
– Able to explain the function of arch
– Able to describe the function of arch
– Able to determine the reaction at support for three arch structure
– Able to determine the internal forces at any point at arch structure
– Able to draw shear force, axial force and bending moment diagram
• References
– Mechanics of Materials, R.C. Hibbeler, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall
– Structural Analysis, Hibbeler, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall
– Structural Analysis, SI Edition by Aslam Kassimali,Cengage Learning
– Structural Analysis, Coates, Coatie and Kong
– Structural Analysis - A Classical and Matrix Approach, Jack C. McCormac and James K.
Nelson, Jr., 4th Edition, John Wiley
hinge
Springingline
C (L/2,h)
P (x,y)
h= height of
the arch
x
A (0,0) B (L,0)
L
L/2 L/2
x
L
y= kx ( L- x ) …………Parabolic equation
y= (4yc/L2 ) ( Lx- x2 )
-1
Where, tan slope
F y 0
VA 312.5kN
VA 130 140 150 107.5 0
VA 312.5kN
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Solution
Example 1…
Now, consider segment CB
M C 0
107.5(20) H B (8) 0
H B 268.75kN
Hence, H A 268.75kN
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
EXAMPLE 2
C
D E
2.5 m
A B
2.5 m 2.5 m 3m 2m
tan 1 (0.5)
26.57 o
Resolving in Q direction
Q 40 sin( 26.57) 60 cos(26.57) 40 cos(26.57) 0
Q 0.003kN
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
• Consider segment CD
4hx
yD ( L x)
L2
4(2.5)(2.5)
(10 2.5)
10 2
1.875m
4h
Slope 2 ( L 2 x)
L
4(2.5)
(10 2(2.5))
10 2
0.5
tan 1 (0.5)
26.57 o
Resolving in N direction
N 40 cos( 26.57 ) 60 sin( 26.57 ) 40 sin( 26.57 ) 0
N 44.72 kN
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
• Consider segment CD
4hx
yD 2
( L x)
L
4(2.5)(2.5)
2
(10 2.5)
10
1.875m
4h
Slope 2 ( L 2 x)
L
tan 1 (0.5) 4(2.5)
2
(10 2( 2.5))
26.57 o 10
0.5
Bending moment
M D 0
2.5
M D 40( ) 60( 2.5) 40(1.875) 0
2
M D 25kNm
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
EXAMPLE 3
8 kN 20 m
10 m 10 m
C
5 kN
D 15 m E
HA A B HB
30 m 30 m
VA VB
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Solution
Example 3…
• Calculate YE
4(15)(10)
yE 2
(60 10)
60
8.33m
F y 0
VA 100.64 8 10(20) 0
VA 107.36kN
5 kN
15 m
8.33 m
HB
10 m 10 m 10 m
100.64 kN
M C 0
100.64(30) 10(10)(5) 5(15 8.33) H B (15) 0
H B 165.72kN
F x 0
H A 165.72 5 0
H A 170.72kN
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
• Calculate the bending moment at 25 m from support , say
point F
4(15)(25)
yF 2
(60 25)
60
14.58m
M F 0
M F 100.64(25) 165.72(14.58)
5(14.58 8.33) 10(5)(2.5) 0
M F 56.45kNm
Resolving in Q direction
Q 170.72 sin(33.67) 107.36 cos(33.67)
8 cos(33.67) 0
Q 12.03kN
Resolving in N direction
N 170.72 cos(33.67) 107.36 sin(33.67)
8 sin(33.67) 0
N 197.16kN
Resolving in Q direction
Q 100.64 cos(33.67) 165.72 sin(33.67)
5 sin(33.67) 0
Q 10.96kN
Resolving in N direction
N 100.64 sin(33.67) 165.72 cos(33.67)
5 cos(33.67) 0
N 197.87kN
l1 r
1
l2 r2
20 r
1
40 16
r1 4m y A 16 4 12m
Or…
4hx
yA ( L x)
L2
4(16)(10)
yA (40 10)
40 2
y A 12m
M A 0
80(5) 100(20) VB (30) H B (12) 0
30VB 12 H B 2400 ......................... (i)
M C 0
100(10) VB (20) H B (16) 0
20VB 16 H B 1000 .......................(ii )
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
• Resolving by using calculator
VB 110kN
H B 75kN
F y 0
VA 110 80 100 0
VA 70kN
F x 0
H A H B 75kN
4hx
y80 2 ( L x)
L
4(16)(15)
2
(40 15)
40
15m
'
y80 15 12 3m
M 80 0
M 80 70(5) 75(3) 0
M 80 125kNm
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
• Consider RHS, taking moment under load 100kN
4hx
y100 2 ( L x)
L
4(16)(10)
2
(40 10)
40
12m
M 100 0
M 100 75(12) 110(10) 0
M 100 200kNm
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
THANKS