Hogskolan i Gavle / ITB Tentamen, Antenna Engineering, 7EE42D torsdagen den 9 juni 2005, kl 9.00 - 14.00 Larare: Universitetslektor Arild Moldsvor, Tel.: 054-700 1268 (Alt.: 070-301 5044) Hjilpmedet: Kursboken: Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, Wiley. Miniriknare, Engelsk ordboki/dictionary. EJ l6sa papper! Allowed tools: The course book by Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, Wiley. Calculators, English dictionary. But, NOT any separate sheet of paper. Betygsgrinser / Grade limits: (0-49 % [50-69 %[70— 89 % 190 — 100 % U 3 a 3 Good luck! 1) Dipoles (0p) We have an infinitesimal electric dipole of length | and current Ip, and an infinitesimal magnetic dipole of length | and magnetic current Mo = 1| lo, both located at the origin. ‘The magnetic current flows in the positive z-direction and the electric current in the positive y-direction, Determine the total far field (sum) of both dipoles, for all directions in space. ‘What is the polarization for the radiation along the positive x-axis? 2) Radiation patterns Gp +5p +2p) ‘The normalized electric field intensity (radiation field) of a circular corrugated horn antenna can be approximated by G(6,9) =cos"(8/2)(cosp6—sin p@) where n is adjusted in such a way that the 10 dB width is equal to the actual measured beamwidth. In our case n = 2. a) Whats the polarization "on axis" (in the direction of maximum radiation)? b) Determine the E- and H-planes, and sketch the E- and H-plane patterns in polar form. ‘What is the half power beam widths in the E- and H-planes? ) The total radiated power (for the above normalized field, n = 2) is given by Pug = 4 4g Determine the maximum directivity. 3) Near-field and Duality theorem (4p) We have an infinitesimal z-directed magnetic dipole located at the origin, ie. MG y's z= 6) Oly) Mo2, [z]S 4, Ix Show how you can utilize the Duality theorem together with the results in the book by Balanis to easily calculate the exact expressions (near-field) for the E-field of the above magnetic dipole.‘Tentamen, ANTENNA ENGINEERING, 7EE42D, 2005 06 09, page 2/2 4) Measurements. (©) We have an anechoic chamber for antenna measurements. For a specific measurement setup the reflection from the chamber wall is -20 dB and the level from the source antenna in that direction is —10 dB (compared to the forward maximum direction). What is the accuracy of the measurements for the antenna under test when measuring side lobe levels, of -25 dB (worst case scenario)? Assume that the length of the path reflected from the wall is about equal to the direct path between the two antennas. Draw a figure. 5) Arrays (10p) You have a uniform (amplitude) linear array with 6 isotropically radiating elements. What is the ‘maximum distance between the elements if you want to scan the beam 60 degrees out from broadside without any grating lobes in the visible region? What is the corresponding linear phase excitation? How many sidelobes do you have? Sketch the pattern (array factor). What is the approximate directivity for the broadside array? 6) Arrays (0p) Design a 6-element Dolph-Tschebyscheff (broadside radiation) linear array of isotropically radiating elements with a constant side lobe level of ~30 dB, ie. determine the normalized amplitude and phase of each element. 7) Aperture antennas (Sp +5p) a) You have a horn antenna (aperture) radiating in free space, and you want to calculate the radiation field in the forward (front) half space. Explain how you can arrive at (two) different equivalent models and discuss the approximations you are introducing. How could you compute a more accurate result (compared to your equivalent models)? b) You have an electrically large symmetrical primary-fed reflector antenna, Describe in your own words different methods how to calculate the far-field as accurate as possible. (Hints: divide the total field in different contributions and discuss the accuracy of the result together with possible approximations.)