2nd year Written Exam Name________________________________________Mat.No.

____________________

CLOZE

Fill in the gaps with ONE suitable word.

LI DONGSHENG, who is 35, says he is too old to learn new skills and too old to get married. Construction
and factory work used to be plentiful, he says, as he eats his lunch from a yellow plastic container while
sitting on a wall outside a job centre in Hangzhou, a city on China’s wealthy eastern seaboard. But these
days he can rarely find even odd jobs. He sleeps rough and has not visited his parents, who live hundreds of
kilometres inland, for two years. Millions of people like Mr Li have powered China’s rise over the past three
decades, working in the boom-towns that have prospered thanks to China’s enthusiastic embrace of
globalisation. Yet many are anxious and angry.

Factory workers in America and Europe often ____________________(1) China for stealing their jobs. There
is no doubt that China has benefited enormously __________________(2) its vast pool of people, like Mr Li,
who are willing to work for a fraction of what Western counterparts might ____________________(3). Since
1979 China’s transformation into the workshop of the world has helped lift hundreds of millions of Chinese
___________________ (4)of poverty.

Yet many of the worries that have recently animated Western voters are common in China, too. Working-
class Chinese, as _________________(5) as members of the new middle class, fret about
__________________ (6) inequality, the impact of mass migration from the countryside into cities and job
losses. “China _______________ (7) not shut the door to the outside world but open more,” said the
president, Xi Jinping, in November. But even globalisation is occasionally attacked. _____________(8)
December 6th Global Times, a jingoistic newspaper published in Beijing, ran an
opinion________________(9) blaming globalisation for China’s income inequality, housing bubbles and the
ravaging of its environment.
China’s own policy failures are much to blame, too. But the government has sensed the danger of rising
public anger created by the divide __________________(10) rich and poor (in the 1980s China was
__________________(11) the most equal societies in the world; now it is one of the least so). A decade
______________(12) it switched its “chief task” from “economic construction” to establishing a “harmonious
society”—ie, one with a more even _____________________(13) of wealth. China is now becoming slightly
fairer overall: thanks to a dwindling supply of cheap labour and government efforts to boost the minimum
wage, blue-collar salaries are rising faster than white-collar __________________(14).

But many people feel that inequality and social mobility are getting worse in other respects. For example,
members of the fast-growing middle class complain about the emergence of a new plutocracy. They say that
the wealthiest ___________________(15) their fortunes to corruption and personal relationships,
_________________(16) hard work.

Among blue-collar workers a structural shift in China’s economy, from labour-intensive manufacturing to
higher-tech industries and services, is fuelling job insecurity. In the past couple of
______________________(17), jobs in manufacturing have been declining, partly because(18) globalisation
is beginning to play the same sort of ___________________(19)in China as it does in developed countries.
Some factories have been ___________________(20) to cheaper locations abroad.

The impact is pronounced in many of the hundreds of towns that specialise in making certain
____________________(21). Datang, China’s “sock city” near Hangzhou, is a good example: in 2014 it
made 26bn ____________________(22) of socks, some 70% of China’s production, but many factories are
closing as garment-making moves to cheaper countries in Asia. ________________(23) a local boss
explains, “People are simply not willing to pay more.”

Millions more jobs are threatened by efforts to reduce overcapacity in heavily indebted state-
_______________________ (24) enterprises , ___________________(25) as steelmakers and mining
companies. Nervous officials often prefer to support such businesses _____________________(26) than
risk an explosion of unrest among laid-off urban-born workers. The government worries more about such
people than it _____________________(27) about unemployed migrants from rural areas: they stay in the
cities rather than return to the ____________________(28). and the official unemployment
____________________(29) in urban areas has remained remarkably steady _________________(30)
around 4% for years, even during the worst of the global financial crisis.
2nd year Written Exam Name________________________________________Mat.No.____________________

PART 2: ESSAY

Write an academic essay of 250-300 words on ONE of the following topics.

1. What kind of impact has globalisation had on child labour and what can be done to stop it?

OR

2. Is patriotism important in an age of globalisation? Discuss.