Script
Script
intro
 Editing is important to me
due to the fact that it’s the
specialism that I enjoy the
most, I like being able to
create visual art and to tell
story’s through the way that
I edit clips. You can see how
editing makes a huge
difference to shots to give
them more of a meaning.
 I also chose editing as my
skills improved a lot towards
the end of last year and I
want to further improve my
skills so that I can produce
professional looking work.
 I’m also very interested in
how editing has developed
over time, so I want to look
into it more and explore the
different aspects
 We’ll delve into the history
of film editing, people who
are involved in the industry
and how editing technology
has developed over time.
 So first let’s take a look into
the history of film editing.
 Film editing started in 1898
when the British film
maker Robert W. Paul
produced the film Come
Along, Dol.n It was one of
the first films to feature
more than one shot.
 I bet that you didn’t know
that the very earliest
filmmakers were afraid to
edit film shots together
because they assumed that
Visuals
 The first couple of shots will
consist of archive footage
and broll showing different
editing techniques, e.g.
music video clips.
 At this point I want to play
two clips on screen at the
same time showing one
sequence of un edited clips
then underneath that I want
to show the same clips
edited together conveying a
completely different
narrative.
 I will show footage of my
videos last year and other
music videos to make
comparisons.
 It will then cut to a shot of
me speaking to the camera
from a high angle.
 Will show blurred images
behind a title of each topic
 Another shot of me as the
camera comes down from
the high level whilst holding
eye contact with me.
 I will then show a clips from
the film over the voiceover.
As well as close up interview
style shots of me talking.
 For this shot I want to show
clips of very old black and
white film and me in a
different location saying
part of the line.
 Show footage of a camera
man doing this and then
showing clips of some early
special effects.
 splicing together different
shots of different things
from different positions
would simply confuse
audiences.
 Cuts were first made within
the camera, the cameraman
would simply stop cranking
at the end of a shot, and
begin cranking again when it
was moved somewhere else,
or when something else was
put in front of it. This kind
of editing could allow for
some early special effects.
 During the silent film era,
some American comics such
as Buster Keaton and
Charlie Chaplin often relied
on long takes in order to
demonstrate that no special
effects had been used and
the acrobatics of the
comedian were not camera
tricks but dangerously real
events.
 Over the past 20 or so years
there's been a rise in "digital
editing" (also called
nonlinear editing), which
makes any kind of editing
easier. The notion of editing
film on video originated
when films were transferred
to video for television
viewing.
 The task of cleanly blending
together video clips was
then taken over by
computers using advanced
graphics programs that
could then also perform
various special effects
functions. Finally, computers
convert digital images back
into film or video. These
 At this point I want to show
clips of Charlie Chaplin and
silent film clips as well as
shots of me saying the line
in a different location.
 I know want to show
examples of ‘digital editing’
as well as the first television
programs to emphasise the
point that I am saying to the
audience.
 This will be a shot of me
talking to the camera and I
will also show archive
footage clips of special
effects, new and old.
 This part will consist of
shots from the video that’s
in my research as well as
interview style shots with
me talking to the camera
 I want to show shots of
people using cellular strips
 I will show images and shots
of the cinematograph and
the brothers.
 At this point where I start to
talk about Melies I want to
show footage of the
films/magic tricks that he
produced that wowed
audiences at an early stage
of film.
 Now I will show a short
montage of the pyscho
shower scene
 After this I go into more
clips from the film and when
I mention Alfred Hitchcock I
want to go into a very old
interview with Alfred where
he explains why he edited
the film the way he did and
what affect it has on the
audience.
 digital cuts are a very far cry
from Méliè's editing in the
camera.
 the first 'film' it explains
how in 1878 Eadweard
Muybridge made the
first motion picture of a
jockey riding a horse he
placed 15 cameras alone a
race track and took a picture
on each camera as the horse
went past. He then spliced
these images together to
create the illusion of the
horse moving in a picture
(film).
 In the next 10 years after
this cellular film strips were
invented and they were used
for film. Film started as
actualities, shots of real life
events that may not have a
plot or meaning.
 The Lumber brothers
invented the cinematigraph,
a device that could capture
and project moving images.
George melies was one of the
first editing pioneers. He
produced around 500 films
ranging from 1-40 minutes.
Most of the films that he
produced were magic shows.
 Melies used jump cuts to
make magic tricks look more
real, for example the show
with 7 images of himself on
stage which creates the
illusion of George being
cloned. He then produced 'A
trip to the moon' which was
the first film showing visual
effects.
 Now here is an example of
how editing can be powerful,
 Now I will show footage of
people using old and new
computers, laptops and
modern editors in the
editing process
 Now I will show clips of
AVID with other footage
behind it to back it up.
 I now start to show more of
modern digital
editing/special effects
 At this point I will have
footage of people working in
editing with title cards
showing what I am listing.
 Then cuts to a shot of me
speaking to camera saying
the lines.
 At this point ill show footage
of runners at work, getting
coffee, retrieving mail ect as
well as pieces to camera.
 Now I’ll be talking to the
camera as not a lot of
footage could support what
im saying.
 Now I will show footage that
I analysed and analyse it
myself as well as more
pieces to camera.
 When I mention the
importance of the eyes I plan
to show a slow mo eye shot
that ive edited and given
effect to.
 Once I begin talking about
the shot length to build up
and down tension I want to
show an example of how this
is used in a film.
 When I go on to talk about
how editing relies on rhythm
I want to use pieces to
camera as well as on screen
animations.
 Its taken from the film  Now I’ll show examples of
‘Phsyco’ how you should leave a shot
 The famous shower scene on screen longer than u
from Alfred Hitchcock’s think for emotional effect.
‘Psycho’ creates a level of  After this I go on to talk
panic to the scene that about how shot types can
would be hard to match, give effect so I want to show
created primarily with examples of this, taken from
Hitchcock’s cuts, the the video and from film
swoops he makes from one clips.
perspective to another, the  Now I plan to go onto
shifts, the disjunctures. showing footage of how the
 As time has progressed the Kulshuv effect can be
way that people have ‘effective’
produced edits has become  Now when I’m at the part of
much easier and a lot the script where I’m talking
cheaper, for example the about baby driver I want to
first ways of editing were on show clips of the film itself,
a mixing desk which was pieces to camera, possible
extremely expensive so the interviews and reviews on
number of editors were the film.
limited but as the years have
progressed people have been
able to purchase laptops and
computers with editing
software like premiere pro
for a much cheaper price.
People can now also edit on
smartphones on apps like
imovie, this now allows
anyone to show their
creativity through video
edits.
 The first main source of film
editing came from the
company 'Avid '. ''Its an
American technology and
multimedia company
founded in August 1987 by
Bill Warner, based in
Burlington Massachusetts It
specialises in audio and
video specifically, digital
non-linear editing (NLE)
systems, management and
distribution services.''
 There a different sub genres
of editing within the
industry.
 In the past, film editing was
done in a linear fashion,
where the film was literally
cut into long strips divided
by scene and take, and then
glued or taped back together
to create a film in logical
sequence. This was time-
consuming and highly
specialised work. While
linear editing is still relevant
today, there is a newer and
more user-friendly system
available for editors:
nonlinear editing.
 Becoming and editor
requires you to have a lot of
self motivation and key skill
sets to help you make a
name for yourself. Some of
the things that an editor has
to do are;

agreeing a finished ‘look’ for

the final footage with the
director

transferring film or video

footage to computer

checking the footage and

deciding which shots to keep
and which to cut out

cutting and joining shots

using editing software

keeping a clear idea of the

storyline, even though you
may be editing scenes out of
sequence
 creating a 'rough cut' from
the chosen material

digitally improving picture

quality

using computer software to

add titles, graphics, sound
and any visual effects

putting all the elements

together, in order, for the
final version

creating DVDs or formatting

footage for streaming online
 It’s common to move into
video editing in film or TV
from an entry level role like
a TV production runner.
Experience is essential and
would give you a taste of
what it is like to work in the
industry. It could also help
you to gain practical skills.
 Getting experience is also a
great way to meet new
people and make contacts
who already work in the
industry. Not all jobs are
advertised, so contacts could
help you find better paid
work later on. A
qualification is not essential
but it could help you gain
practical skills, like using
editing equipment and
software. You could study
towards a course in film,
video or media production.
The most useful courses
include work placements and
the chance to build contacts
in the industry.
 I also looked into what
editors need to do to make it
in the industry as well as
how they should think and
feel when producing pieces
of work.
 It starts off by explaining
how the majority of editors
cut shots based purely on
instinct due to the fact that
the editor should know when
to change the shot, there’s
not set time frame but the
shots need to be cut in a way
were they link together and
make sense.
 eyes are the most important
part that shows the
characters emotion so the
editor should incorporate
different shot types of eyes
to convey emotion. E.g. if
there’s a zooming in shot of
a characters eyes then a shot
of an object it shows the
audience the characters
emotions and
whether they're making a
decision/debating
something.
 If your showing emotions in
a shot, take time, it adds
emphasis. Some emotions
pay better if you show them
in a single continuous shot,
others play better with
multiple shots so that you
can build up and come
down.
 As you build up tension each
shot should become shorter
and shorter until you reach
the climax. After this the
shot lengths should go up
again as your coming down
from the climax. You need
 to allow the viewers time to
feel the emotion.
 explain how editing relies a
lot on rhythm. For example
if an actors doing something
physical this is
where rhythm comes into
place as a montage could
be used long sustained shots.
Or it could be subtle like the
rhythm of people
walking past e.g. the
opening of an alley or side
road.
 sometimes you should leave
a shot rolling for longer than
you normally would in e.g. a
long shot to show suspense
and tension. It says take you
time with each cut due to the
fact that each shot has an
emotion and a rhythm.
 You need to make sure that
you hold shots of
significance on both a
subject and an object in
order to convey to the
viewer the emotions that the
subject is feeling and to give
them a possible insight into
the story. In the edit the best
way to show this is by
ordering the shots; master
shot of the setting and
subject, wide shot, medium
shot then close up on both
the subject and the object
within the scene. You can
also reverse this concept and
start with a close up which
adds a sense of mystery to
the shot as there is less
context. Another tip is to
incorporate as many shots of
the same thing so that you
 have options and it also adds
effect.
 ''The Kulshov effect'' is
where you can take images
that don't necessary have a
connection but once they're
organised in post production
you can create something on
screen that wasn't there
originally. For example
when there’s a shot of a
mans face then a baby it
conveys they ma observing
the baby in a certain way but
if there was a shot of a dead
body after the mans face his
emotions then change t
sadness through the use of
editing and what is shown
on screen.

Baby driver (editing)

 Edgar wright’s “Baby

Driver”, a heist film
built around a rock
playlist that earned a
well-deserved Oscar
nomination for editing.
It won the BAFTA for
editing on Sunday,
putting it in the
spotlight during the
final week of
 voting. Editors Paul
Machliss and Jonathan
Amos were charged
with timing everything
to the precise rhythm
and beat of the music.
 It was a symbiosis of
production and post
occurring at the same time,
with Machliss working live
on set in Atlanta, while
Amos handled the cutting
back in London.
 “It’s the ultimate expression
for Edgar in combining
music, action, and dialogue,”
said Machliss. “And for me,
of course, it was a unique
experience, beginning with
being able to edit the film on
set, live, as opposed to being
in the cutting room for the
first six months. Because of
Edgar’s approach, the edit
had to work for the shot and
the shot had to work for the
edit. Both elements were
constantly at play, because
we had this background
engine of the music track
that would not alter.”
 “Baby Driver” is definitely a
different approach to a
musical, a magical
expression of what drives
Baby’s personal playlist
“You’re inside his head and
you take one of his earbuds
out and we’d drop the signal
out of one channel, because
that’s what he would
objectively be hearing at
that point in time,” Machliss
said. “It’s entwined in the
 fabric of the film and the
character.”
The entire cast and crew
became immersed in the
playlist and the music was
piped in everywhere. Plus,
there was only one source of
material: WAV files were
sent to the editorial
department in Atlanta, and
then dispersed to all the
other departments, ensuring
that all the files ran at the
same speed and pitch.
Meanwhile, detailed previs
was made to choreograph
action sequences to the
timing of the tracks. Then,
when it came to the actual
filming of the stunt action,
they had to stick to a very
strict playbook, with close-
ups of gear sticks, foot
pedals, speedometers, and
other objects providing a
cohesive glue.
 So since the start film and
music editing has advanced
massively in terms of the
technology used and the
accessibility. People can now
edit at home on their laptops
with amazing software,
similar to film quality
standards. Back in the day
only a very select few
computers could do this and
now it’s a lot cheaper and it
can be done so easily.