The theoretical concept in this experiment is the resonance occurred when the speaker (as

an oscillating system) is at a frequency which is same as its own natural frequency. The loud
sound is produced that travel through the air column where interfere constructively to the
water surface and reflect back to the open end tube. It occurs only when the length of air
column is proportional to one-fourth of the wavelength of sound waves having
frequency equal to frequency of tuning fork. The standing waves are produced by the
superposition of two waves of same frequency and same amplitude travelling with
same velocity in opposite directions.
The constructive interference of longitudinal sound waves produce at certain fixed
points along the air column which at the zero displacement on water surface act as a
closed end which is called as nodes while the point that has maximum displacement
on the open end of the tube are called antinodes. However, Nodes are produced at
the water surface and antinodes are produced at the open end.
This concept is using temperature of the medium to measure the speed of sound. The small
percentage error of the values between the experimental and theoretical speed of sound prove
that temperature is in fact a good source for finding the speed of sound.

How will the experimental speed change if the temperature in the room will be higher?
The speed of the sound will increase when the temperature in the room increase during thus
experiment . The tempurature of room increase causing the kinetic energy of the air
moleculebecome higher,thus it will vibrate faster.Thus, the sound can travel faster in the
room due to the formula of the speed of sound in air

(v = 331 +0.6*T ,where v is the speed of air ,T is the tempurature of the the surroundings)
For example ,the temperature of room is 25 c ,so the speed is

346 ms-1 while at the cold temperature which is 0 c ,the speed of the sound in the freezing
area is 331ms-1.

Why is there an Antinode at open end?

Standing Waves in Pipes. ... The closed end of the pipe is thus a displacement node.
In order not to displace air the closed pipe end has to exert a force on the molecules
by means of pressure, so that the closed end is a pressure antinode. At
an open pipe end the argument is inverted

The theoretical concept in this experiment is the resonance occurred when the speaker (as
an oscillating system) is at a frequency which is same as its own natural frequency. The loud
sound produced that travel through the air column where it interfere constructively to the
water surface and reflect back to the open end tube. It occurs only when the length of air
column is proportional to one-fourth of the wavelength of sound waves having
frequency equal to frequency of the speaker. The standing waves are produced by
the superposition of two waves of same frequency and same amplitude travelling
with same velocity in opposite directions.
The constructive interference of longitudinal sound waves produce at certain fixed
points along the air column which at the zero displacement on water surface act as a
closed end which is called as nodes while the point that has maximum displacement
on the open end of the tube are called antinodes. However, Nodes are produced at
the water surface and antinodes are produced at the open end.
This concept is using temperature of the medium to measure the speed of sound. The small
percentage error of the values between the experimental and theoretical speed of sound prove
that temperature is in fact a good source for finding the speed of sound.

How will the experimental speed change if the temperature in the room will be higher?
The speed of the sound will increase when the temperature in the room increase during this
experiment. The temperature of room increase causing the kinetic energy of the air
molecule become higher, thus it will vibrate faster.Thus, the sound can travel faster in the
room due to the formula of the speed of sound in air (v = 331 +0.6*T, where v is the speed
of air, T is the temperature of the the surroundings) For example, the temperature of room
is 25 c, so the speed is 346 ms-1 while at the cold temperature which is 0 c, the speed of the
sound in the freezing area is 331ms-1.

Why is there an Antinode at open end?

An antinode at the open end act a rigid wall so the air at the closed end is not free to
vibrate with zero amplitude so node is formed at the closed end. While air at the open
end is free vibrate with the maximum amplitude so antinodes is formed at the open
end. The end correction is formed because generally there is space between the
speaker and the tube open end, causing the air column to vibrate a short distance
beyond the edge of the tube.

The vibrations within the tube will be transmitted to the air just outside the tube, and
the air will then also vibrate. In accurate work we must also allow for this effect, by
making an end correction.

This means that we consider that the tube is effectively longer than its measured
length by an amount dhttp://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-
19/Sound/text/Sound_waves_in_tubes/index.html

In this experiment, there are several sources of error offered that are consistent
with the experimental results.
The first one is misidentifying overtones as a point of resonance. Overtones are
a frequency of a sound that is higher than the fundamental frequency while
resonance is the sudden dramatic increase in amplitude of resultant vibration
from a low to high to low amplitude.
Next, the second source of error is parallax error, where length of the air column
that is measured using a meter rule might be inaccurately measured because the
eyes may not be perpendicular every time when reading the value from the meter
rule.
The third source of error is the gap between the speaker and the measuring
cylinder is too big, causing the sound wave produced to spread to the surrounding
rather than into the measuring cylinder itself. This will prevent the waves from
creating resonance.
There are several ways to improve the experiment. The first one is to properly
identify the difference between overtone and resonance. A few of the group
members may take turn listening to the sound produced when given a driving
frequency and each of the members will suggest the appropriate resonance
frequency shown by the audio generator when heard a sudden increase in
amplitude of vibration. This will reduce the chances of misidentifying overtones
as a point of resonance.
Next, measuring the length of the air column can also be done by several group
members, where each of them reads and provide a value so that to find the average
value of the length of the air column.
Also, the gap between the speaker and the measuring cylinder should be as small
as possible so that to lessen the spread of waves to the surrounding to create
resonance.