Anthony's GURPS - Logarithmic ST

6/25/2016 Logarithmic ST - Anthony's GURPS
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Mundane Units Forward: some content on this page is quite old, but as of
Races Pyramid #3/83: Alternate GURPS IV logarithmic ST has been
Spells Usable in introduced into the 'standard' for GURPS, so I decided to
Combat update this. It appears that they came up with the same
GURPS Scale overall scaling that I did.
Light and Darkness What Is it and why should we care?
Alternate Spectra
Logarithmic ST is a rescaling of the GURPS ST attribute to
Infrared Vision place it on an exponential scale, where +X ST has the effect of
The Limits of multiplying lifting ability, damage, and so on, by some
Night Vision constant value, rather than the current formula where it adds
Vision Advantages a fixed amount. In particular, the system uses a scaling where
Logarithmic 10 points of ST increases lifting ability by a factor of 10. There
Damage are a number of purposes for this, but the basic reason is the
Precalculated same reason many other game systems have used logarithmic
Penetration systems: it lets you fit a very wide range of power levels onto
Charts a simple chart, without dealing with huge numbers or
Weapon Charts
awkward fractions, and it lets you compare ST values by
subtraction rather than division. In vanilla GURPS, an ant
Logarithmic Solar (with the ability to lift 0.0002 lb) has a computed ST of 0.03;
System Map 2100
a giant monster with the ability to lift 10,000T has a computed
AD
ST of 3,162. Under logarithmic ST that becomes ST 40 and
Logarithmic ST ST 60. In addition, this makes such things as a contest of ST
Pixies relatively easy to manage: a critter that's twice as strong will
powerstones always have a +3 advantage in such a contest, whereas in
standard GURPS, even over the human range of 720, the
SuperSkills
bonus can range anywhere from +3 to +6.
The Physics of
Dragon Flight
Wound Level ST vs Old ST
System
The new ST chart is as follows. On this chart, ST is ST by this
Sitemap rule, Old ST is the ST you would have in GURPS 4th edition,
and BL is the same as it is in GURPS 4th edition. For people
who like equations, the equation is that BL = 0.2*10ST/10, and
Old ST = 10½+ST/20; every +10 points multiplies BL by 10,
every +20 points multiplies Old ST.
ST nil 10 4 0 2 4 6 7 8 9
Old 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
https://sites.google.com/site/anthonysgurps/exponential-st 1/12
ST
BL 0 0.2 0.8 2 3 5 8 10 13 16
ST 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Old 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 28
ST
BL 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160
ST 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Old 32 36 40 45 50 56 63 71 80 90
ST
BL 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
ST 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Old 100 110 125 140 160 180 200 225 250 280
ST
BL 2000 2500 3200 4000 5000 6300 8000 5T 6T 8T
ST 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
Old 320 360 400 450 500 560 630 710 800 900
ST
BL 10T 13T 16T 20T 25T 32T 40T 50T 62T 80T
ST 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
Old 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2250 2500 2800
ST
BL 100T 125T 160T 200T 250T 320T 500T 500T 630T 800T
Encumbrance Levels
While it's possible to use multiples of BL, as in traditional
GURPS, doing so misses the value of logarithmic ST. It's far
easier to say:
No Encumbrance: carry up to (mass listed for ST)
Light Encumbrance: carry up to (mass listed for
ST+3)
Medium Encumbrance: carry up to (mass listed for
ST+5)
Heavy Encumbrance: carry up to (mass listed for
ST+8)
ExtraHeavy Encumbrance: carry up to (mass listed
for ST+10)
ST Damage
If you're putting lifting ability on a logarithmic scale, it's
natural to want to do the same thing with damage.
Unfortunately this runs into a big problem: while logarithms
make multiplication and division easy, they make addition and
subtraction hard, and any treatment of armor is basically a
problem of subtraction. Let's say our new scale is that New DR
and New Damage are equal to 10 x log10( Old DR/Damage ).
Thus, a 1,000 point hit Damage 30, and DR 200 becomes DR
23.
If we expect it to behave anything old GURPS, after going
through a layer of DR 200 armor, a 1,000 point hit has DR
800 of penetration left, which converts to Damage 29. So
somehow, DR 23 became DR 1.
There are three basic ways around this: you can decide you
don't care, you can convert to a linear value before applying
DR, or you can have a table of DR vs Penetration interactions.
The first option is pretty easy. Say, just use the existing ST
damage table. Unfortunately, it has the problem that, say, a
battleship with under old rules has armor enough to withstand
ST 500d attacks (equivalent to ST 64, or about DR 25) and a
1,000d attack (equivalent to ST 70, or 8d damage), if it first
hits Ensign Expendable (cover DR 10) is no longer able to
penetrate another battleship.
The second option requires table lookup, but at least it can be
the same table as before. There's two choices: lookup in
character creation, or lookup in play. For lookup in character
creation:
Damage: look up Old ST on the table above, and divide
by 10. That's your Swing damage dice.
Hit Points: look up Old ST on the table above. That's
your hit points.
For lookup in play we instead have:
Damage: make a ST roll and look up your margin of
success on the table above. That's your Swing damage.
Hit Points: look up Old ST on the table above. That's
your hit points. To determine your threshold for shock
and stunning, modify ST as follows:
Shock (1): 20 to ST
Shock (2): 15 to ST (should be 14, but 15 is a
pretty number)
Shock (3): 10 to ST
Major Wound: 5 to ST (should be 6, but again,
pretty numbers)
The drawback of this method is that we still wind up needing
to do multiplication and division for armor divisors and
wounding modifiers.
The third option requires a table, and is thus ugly in its own
way. Give each attack a penetration rating, and for each
barrier you have a lookup table that indicates how it modifies
incoming attacks, based on their penetration rating. If we're
using the Old ST method, DR 100 would have a table that
looks a bit like this:
Penetration 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 43 46
39 42 45 55
Adjustment NP 19 14 11 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Once all layers of armor have been applied, take the
remaining penetration, add a wounding modifier, and compare
to the target's ST to figure damage. This lets us cut down on
multiplication quite a bit AP(10) is +20 to penetration, 20
to wounding at a cost of fairly significant table lookup
requirements.

For example, make a ST roll, and look up your margin of
success on the ST table above. Your damage is the
corresponding Old ST. Likewise, look up your ST on the table
above and that's your
Damage remains on the same scale it always
was
This means that 1 point of damage in classic GURPS is equal
to 1 point of damage in Logarithmic GURPS. This has the
immediate benefit that you can simply use gear from all your
existing GURPS products, with no changes. It has three
immediate drawbacks:
1. You need to come up with a new mapping from ST to
Damage; someone who can lift a hundred tons should
probably punch for more than 5d+2 and have more than
50 hp.
2. Damage suffers from the same scaling problems as
lifting; GURPS can't handle fights on the small scale at
all due to granularity problems, and has playability
problems at the high end of ST.
3. GURPS damage has a number of anomalous effects
anyway, so if we're redesigning the system, maybe we
should try and fix those things as well.
None of these problems are impossible to deal with. If you
choose to do so, the simplest solution is something like the
following:
Hit Points: equal to Old ST
Damage: for ST <23, use 4e values. For ST 23+, Swing
is Old ST/10, Thrust is Old ST/20 (you can use the ST
23+ formula for lower ST values, but it winds up with
resolution issues).
You can fix some of the resolution issues with table lookup:
Alternate Damage: make a ST roll, at 6 for Thrust,
and look up your margin of success on the ST table
above. Your damage is equal to the resulting Old ST
e.g. if your ST is 10 and you Swing and roll a 17 (fail by
7), you'd do 1 damage; if you rolled a 4 (success by 6)
you'd do 6. If between two values, use the lesser; thus,
something with a ST of 7 or lower can actually do zero
damage with an attack.
Damage is placed on a Logarithmic scale as
well
In this assumption, damage is placed on a logarithmic scale,
just like lifting.

This is an intuitive option, and a number of systems, such as
Champions, have done this: change the meaning of damage
points. Say, use the range/speed chart; damage stays the
same up to 2d, and beyond that each step on the range/speed
chart acts like +1d damage. A 10d attack becomes 6d, a 100d
attack 12d, a 1,000d attack 18d.
This... does not actually work well. Consider armor that will
stop a 6d attack (DR 35 in classic GURPS; DR 21 here). Three
sheets of that (DR 105 in classic GURPS) will stop an 18d
attack (3,500 damage).
Damage is placed on a log scale as well
If we put damage on a logarithmic scale, this has the obvious
benefit of scaling quite cleanly whether you're talking about
ant vs ant or kaiju vs kaiji. Unfortunately, it runs into one
really difficult problem: armor. Let's say we convert damage
via the ST to Old ST table given above, so 1,000 damage
(Old) becomes 50 damage (New). Our target is a tank with
Old DR 500, which is presumably New DR 47.
If we subtract one from the other, the result is 3 points of
damage so the armor which stopped half of the attack
under the old system subtracts 94% under the new system.
Worse, let's put Ensign Expendable (cover DR 10) in front of
the attack. Now our giant attack doesn't do any damage at
all; it would take an attack doing 6,300 damage to scratch the
paint on our DR 500 target. We also run into an opposite
problem: lightly armored targets get chewed up with
remarkable speed. Even in vanilla GURPS 4e, sinking a
container ship (something like 1k hp, DR 10) with an assault
rifle isn't all that hard; when you're instead doing 15 damage
vs DR 10, and the target has 50 HP, it becomes easy to do by
accident.
There are a couple of ways around this, but they have an
annoying flaw that they tend to require table lookup. For
starters, you can simply use the procedure mentioned above
for Alternate Damage convert damage to a linear value (as
per Alternate Damage above), subtract any barriers that are
in the way, and then convert back. This works, but eliminates
much the the value of log damage to start with.
Another alternative, somewhat more complex, is to give
attacks two values, penetration and wounding; targets have
corresponding armor and toughness. To resolve an attack, you
would go through the following procedure:
1. For each barrier, compare penetration and armor, and
find the result on a chart. That chart will give a modifier
to further attacks. A chart that works out equivalent to
the Alternate Damage system above would be
something like:
PenArmor 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 59
Adjustment stopped 20 14 11 9 7 6 5 2500 2800
2.
Diff 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
Old 10900 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2250 2500 2800
ST
There are a couple of ways around this, but they have an
annoying flaw: attacks require table lookup. Simply assign
each attack a damage and a penetration.
At Old DR 100 (New DR 30), it would take 20 damage. At Old
DR 10 (New DR 10), it would take 40 damage twice as
much. By comparison, in our original GURPS
Now, with DR 100 it would take
This means that we change the meaning of damage; 1 point
of damage is no longer a fixed quantity. This has considerable
benefits for scaling (if done properly, battles between ants and
battles between kaiju work equally well), but has historically
always caused problems for games. Consider a model where
we convert damage via the ST to Old ST rule above; thus, a
tank gun doing 6d*25 (average 525) damage winds up doing
44 damage.
Barriers: let's say we convert damage via the ST to Old
ST rule above, so a tank gun doing 6d*25 (average
525) damage now does 45 damage, and the target
tank's DR 1,680 becomes DR 53. FIrst o
Hit Points: equal to Old ST.
Damage: Swing is 1d per 10 Old ST. Thrust is 1d per
20 Old ST.
Some of the options are:
1. Use classic GURPS scaling, possibly without the anomaly
with how swing progression changes for ST 26+. This is
decently balanced within the humannormal ST range,
but it breaks down pretty badly for superhuman ST
scores they do far too little damage, and (assuming
HP are based on ST) can also take far too little.
2. Use classic GURPS scaling, but based on Old ST. This
means superhuman ST can do and take superhuman
damage, but it runs into some known anomalies with
how ST damage works in GURPS, and also has balance
issues unless you dramatically up the cost of ST.
3. Damage and HP are linear in Old ST.
There are several ways of doing ST damage, but the simplest
one is probably this: for any STbased weapon, make a
(modified) ST roll to use it. For every point by which you
succeed, increase basic damage by 10%; for every point by
which you fail, reduce it by 10%. Heavier weapons require
more difficult ST rolls, but have higher basic damage. Note
this as something like ST+n(xx cr).
To determine the statistics for an improvised weapon, look up
its weight on the table above. The corresponding ST is the
penalty to your ST roll to use the weapon, the corresponding
HP is the basic damage (crushing). Thus, a 2 lb weapon
requires a ST+0 roll and has a base damage of 3. If you use
two hands, you get +3 to your ST roll. Anything designed as a
weapon is treated as a higher ST penalty for damage purposes
only typically +0 if the base damage type is Impaling, +2 if
Cutting, +4 if Crushing, with an additional +2 for an
Unbalanced weapon. Thus, a normal 3 lb object would be ST
2(4 cr), while a 3 lb sword would be ST2(4 Imp) or ST2(5
Cut).
ST nil 10 4 0 2 4 6 7 8 9

HP 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
BL 0 0.2 0.8 2 3 5 8 10 13 16
ST 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
HP 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 28
BL 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160
ST 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
HP 32 36 40 45 50 56 62 71 80 90
BL 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
ST 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
HP 110 125 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 320
BL 2000 2500 3200 4000 5000 6300 8000 5T 6T 8T
e.g. a sword is ST+2, Cut, which means a 2 lb sword
(ST+0) has its damage computed for a ST of 2 (=4), but still
rolls against ST+0, not ST2. Particular weapons:
Axe: +4 to ST, Cutting, Unbalanced. Mace: +6 to ST,
Crushing, Unbalanced.
Boxing, Brawling, Karate, or DX: ST modifier = SM x
5. Punch: 5 to ST. Kick: 2 to skill. Consider +1/die
as being worth +2 to your ST roll.
Broadsword, Knife, or Shortsword: +2 to ST,
Cutting, or +0 to ST, Impaling.
Flail: +4 to ST, Crushing, Unbalanced, 2 Enemy Parry,
4 Enemy Block.
Knife: +2 to ST, Cutting, or +0 to ST, Impaling. A small
knife is ST+10(1 Imp), a large is ST+4(2 Imp).
For a basic melee weapon, the difficulty of the ST roll is equal
to 1 x (ST required to lift as 1xBL) and the basic damage is
(HP for that ST) i.e. a 2 lb weapon requires rolling ST+0
and has basic damage 3, a 3 lb weapon requires rolling ST2
and has basic damage 4, a 5 lb weapon requires rolling ST4
and has basic damage 5. This is the damage for improvised
weapons; things actually designed as weapons will do a bit
better, as follows:
Axe/Mace: treat axes as 2 ST heavier for damage
purposes; treat maces as 4 ST heavier.
Brawling, Boxing, Karate, or DX: typical effective
weapon weight is
Unbalanced Weapon: treat unbalanced weapons as 2
ST heavier than they actually are for damage purposes.
The entire way ST is
The point cost for ST is (LV10)*10, and abilities that have or
modify ST are also based on the LV or change in LV. Thus,
Telekinesis (ST 20, LV 1) costs 5 points. Due to changes in
load and damage scaling, lifting ST is increased to 6 points per
level (which is more expensive for BL below 160 lb, cheaper
above), striking ST is reduced to 2 points per level (which
remains 20 points per d6). Extremely high ST characters (ST
25+, or less if other scaled powers are wanted) should take
Power Scaling:
Power Scaling (20/level)
Adds +1 per level to ST; if multiple advantages affect ST,
apply this one last. Also adds +1 per level to any other
abilities with a ST score. For these purposes, any ability that
has DR or HP has a ST score (for that purpose) equal to the
ST for that LV, any ability that affects a specific mass has a
ST score equal to the ST required to affect that mass, any
ability that does damage has a ST score equal to the ST
required to do that much damage, and the HP, DR, Mass, or
Damage should be recomputed after applying Enhanced ST.
A number of limitations may be applied:
Not for Damage (25%): does not scale damage.
Not for Lifting (25%): does not scale mass affected.
Not for Toughness (25%): does not scale HP or DR.
Only for Damage (50%): only scales damage.
Only for Toughness (50%): only scales HP and DR.
You may take Accessibility limitations, as per DR.
Only for Lifting (50%): only scales mass affected (and
ST rolls).
Powers Only (var): take a Temporary Disadvantage
(reduced ST) so your ST does not change.
Size (10%): your Mass is at least 19+Rank, your SM is
at least Rank/5. Apply mass, damage, and toughness
scaling to your gear, and multiply cost by the ratio of
mass. Size may also be taken as a limitation on ST, if
desired.
Thus, if you buy a 5d innate attack and have enhanced ST 5,
you determine that 5d is a ST of 31, increase ST to 36, and
determine that real damage is 7d+2. Note that if you take the
Size limitation on Enhanced ST, you can't take it on your
normal ST. You may take Enhanced ST even if your actual ST
is less than 20, though this is only worth doing if you have
other abilities that would be enhanced (usually, enhanced ST
will break even when you have spent more than 50100 points
in affected abilities).
If you want the exact equivalent of existing 4e ST stats, they
can be done as follows:
4e ST 8
9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Lifting 8 9 11 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16
Striking 2 6 12 15 17 19 21 22 23 24 25 26
Cost 18 9 12 26 38 46 60 66 78 84 98 104
The cost difference, while nonzero, is probably small enough
that it can be ignored.
Mass and HP
While it is possible to use the table in Basic for HP, there is
another way. First, compute the object's Mass. That is just the
ST corresponding to the item's Mass on the table above. If the
object is Living, subtract 8 from Mass to determine effective
ST. If the object is Unliving, add 1; if the object is
Homogeneous, add 10. In all cases, the object's HP are equal
to the HP for the computed effective ST. In most cases where
an object is resisting ST with its weight, use Mass10 in place
of ST. Note that this computes hit points, not ST. For a
creature following the ST to mass curve in Basic, lifting ST is
mass*2/3 2, striking ST and toughness are both mass8. For
a realistic creature, lifting ST is roughly Mass * 0.8 4,
striking ST (and toughness) are roughly Mass * 1.1 10. For a
cinematic giant monster, lifting ST is Mass 8, striking ST
(and toughness) are Mass * 1.5 17.
An object's mass can be computed from SM; it's roughly SM*5
+ 20 for living creatures. Add up to 15 for particularly
compact shapes (a 2 yard sphere of flesh would be around 3
tons). Add 58 for stone, 9 for iron, 13 for gold.
Collisions and Throwing
The invention of the Mass stat allows improvements in the
collisions rules; realistically, object HP should have no direct
relevance to collision damage, though relative hardness
should make a difference as to which object takes the
damage. The recommended system for collisions is very
simple: find ST for LV equal to speed (e.g. 10 yards per
second is ST 10). Add either the larger mass 10, or the
smaller mass, whichever is less (for collisions with an
immovable object, use smaller mass). This is the effective ST
of the collision; collision damage is normal for that effective
ST (in the simple case of a velocity of 1018, one object much
smaller than the other, damage = mass+speed). Thus, a Mass
18 unliving object (20 hp) at move 10 (ST 10), hitting a wall,
collides with an effective ST of 28 (4d), which is the same as
the current rules. Now, modify based on shape: a dense,
compact object (such as a rock) has a normal armor divisor,
an object that is dense or compact but not both has an armor
divisor of 1/2, an object that is neither dense nor compact
(e.g. a human) has an armor divisor of 1/3. Finally, in any
collision, the harder object takes less damage: add the
difference in DR to the effective DR of the higher DR object.
When throwing an object, start by figuring out the damage.
The damage ST of a thrown object is (ST) if the object has a
mass of at least (your mass)15 (mass 4 for an average
person), and is reduced by 1 for every 3 points or fraction the
object's mass is lower. To determine speed, take (damage ST)
(Mass) and look up LV for that number. To determine max
range, double that number and subtract 10. Thus, a ST 15
person throwing a baseball (mass 8) has a damage ST of
(ST4) or 11, and will throw the baseball at a speed of 20 with
a max range of 40. Note that an object that's large compared
to the target will have to use the collisions rule above, rather
than computing ST directly.
Damage Scaling and Toughness
A difficulty with standard GURPS is that the system loses
granularity at the low end; there isn't really much to
distinguish attacking a SM 7 mouse from attacking a SM 18
ant, and there isn't really any option for moderate injuries.
There is a very simple fix for this:
Negative Toughness: 0 point feature
When building your character, you gain Enhanced ST
(Toughness Only) equal to your level. When you are hit by an
attack, add your Negative Toughness to the ST of the attack.
Thus, if we have a small rat (mass 6, lifting ST 9, damage
ST 16) vs a large rat (mass 4, lifting ST 7, damage ST 14)
we might give them both NT 30 and resolve a fight as
1d+1/14 hp vs 1d+2/16 hp, which is far more meaningful
than base scaling, where both would be doing 1d6 with 1 hp.
In general, any creature with a ST below about 5 should
probably use negative toughness.
Tradeoff Techniques
An interesting feature of logarithmic systems is that you can
interpret power advantages as simply adding or subtracting
ST; by the scaling we have, a 10% enhancement is about as
good as +1 ST. This offers an interesting and reasonably
balanced way of increasing flexibility:
Tradeoff Technique: Add Advantage (average,
default 5, cannot exceed base skill)
Adds an advantage to a STmodified power. In addition
to the difficulty modifier to the skill check, each 10%
gives 1 ST. Multiple tradeoff techniques can be stacked,
all modifiers are cumulative; thus if you have tradeoff
technique (AP/2, 5 to ST) at Skill3, and tradeoff
technique (increased range x2, 1 to ST) at Skill 1, you
combine them for a total of 6 to ST, 4 to skill. If
applied to a power with no associated roll, apply the
technique modifier to the ST of the attack, so Hardened
would be a total of 7 ST instead of 5 skill, 2 ST, and
could be learned up to 2 ST.
Tradeoff Technique: Add Limitation (average,
default 5, cannot exceed base skill)
Adds a limitation to a STmodified power. In addition to
the difficulty modifier to the skill check, add +1 ST per
full 10% limitation; thus the technique Melee Reach C
has a base difficulty of 3 and grants +3 ST. If applied
to a power with no associated roll, apply the technique
modifier to the ST of the attack, so Only Vs Fire would
be a total of 1 ST instead of 5 skill, +4 ST, and could
be learned up to +4 ST.

Tradeoff Technique: Change Damage Type
(average, default 5, cannot exceed base skill)
Alters the damage type of an attack. Certain types
modify ST, as follows: Corr (9), Cut (3), Fat (9), Imp
(6), Pi (+6), Pi+ (3), Pi++ (6), Tox (2). Subtract
the ST modifier of the original type, add the ST modifier
of the new type.
Tradeoff Technique: Weapon (average, default 3,
cannot exceed base skill)
As another tradeoff technique, but you can only perform
the technique with a weapon or object that plausibly
grants the technique i.e. you can only change damage
type to impaling with a stabbing weapon, you can only
change damage type to corrosive if you can get a bottle
of acid, and so on. You still suffer all normal ST
modifiers.
Tradeoff techniques normally only work for powers such as
Innate Attack, but may be used for equipment at the GMs
discretion. Tradeoffs on advantages requires the same action
as is required to activate the power, so generally a turn of
concentration; reduced time is rarely an appropriate
technique. Tradeoffs specifically cannot be used to remove
power limitations.
As an interesting trick, it is possible to buy 'superpunch' as a
crushing innate attack, and then pick up the ability to use
weapons, etc, as tradeoff techniques, most of which would be
weapon techniques. The common tradeoff techniques would
be:
Close Attack: melee C, 1, ST +2.
Weapon, Cutting: change damage type Cut, ST 3
Weapon, Large: area attack, ST 5
Weapon, Long: melee reach 14, ready action to
change reach, ST +2.
Weapon, Stabbing: change damage type Imp, ST 6
Weapon, Thrown, Heavy: range 10/20, ST +1
Weapon, Thrown, Light: range 50/100, ST 1
Most of the time, you would be using Close Attack to do
crushing damage. If you bought a 10d attack, you would do
12d with a punch (close attack), 9d+1 with a sword (close
attack, cutting), 7d+2 with a spear (long attack, stabbing),
7d+2 with a car (large, long attack), 7d1 with a thrown car
(heavy thrown, large).
Game Power Level
In many games, it is useful to limit the total power level of
PCs. A typical setup would be along the lines of:
Damage Scale: max 20 Skill. +30 if Dscale, +60 if C
scale, +90 if Mscale.
Toughness Scale: max 25 Dodge Highest Active
Defense. +30 if Dscale, +60 if Cscale, +90 if Mscale.
This usefully allows choosing between power and skill 20
ST/20 skill (22 hp, 2d damage) vs 30 ST/10 skill (46 hp,
4d+2) is actually a sensible enough fight.
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Anthony's GURPS - Logarithmic ST

Anthony's GURPS - Logarithmic ST

ST nil 10 4 0 2 4 6 7 8 9