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the wings, for example in the form of the For O6:
minority attack on the queenside. - Aiming for ideal types of endgame from
-The dynamic centre. White’s point of view, e.g. white knight
Brief description: The pawn structures against white-squared bishop for Black.
have not yet been fixed and are not yet - Evaluating the resulting major piece
finalised. Because of the latent situation of endings.
tension on the central squares the struggle
is not easy for either side. This is a form of 3. Analysis of material and
centre which occurs very frequently in instruction
praxis. (The learning outcomes O1 and O2
concerning the general significance of the
For O3: central struggle or different central pawn
- Characteristic forms of the two pawn formations are pre-supposed as basic
chains in the Karlsbad Structure: knowledge and are not dealt with here.
White: a2, b2, d4, e3, f2, g2, h2; Black: a7, They can be used as revision and thus as
b7, c6, d5, f7, g7, h7 an introduction to the new material.)
- Elementary strategic elements or motifs,
which play a role in the classical Karlsbad 3.1. The pawn formation: "Karlsbad
Structure: Structure"
- Semi-open white c-file and semi-
open black e-file. The various descriptions of the “Karlsbad
- The ram. Pawn Structure” mentioned in the
- Outpost squares, blockading introduction present in their characteristic
squares (supported points). form a white and a black pawn chain,
- Pawn levers. which arise as a result of opening systems
- Points where a roll-up or such as the Exchange Variation of the
breakthrough is possible. Classical Queen’s Gambit, the Bogoljubow
System, the Grünfeld Defence, the Nimzo-
For O4: Indian defence and in certain
- Standard white plans when White 0-0 and circumstances also from other systems.
0-0-0.
- The ideal setup for the white pieces. XIIIIIIIIY
- The minority attack. 9r+lwqk+-tr0
- Working out a plan for strategic 9zpp+nvlpzpp0
domination. 9-+p+-sn-+0
- Working out a plan for tactical 9+-+p+-vL-0
domination. 9-+-zP-+-+0
9+-sNLzP-+-0
For O5: 9PzP-+-zPPzP0
- Standard black plans when White 0-0 and 9tR-+QmK-sNR0
xiiiiiiiiy
0-0-0.
XIIIIIIIIY
- The ideal setup for the black pieces. 9-+-+k+-+0
- Defensive ideas against the minority 9zpp+-+pzpp0
attack by White. 9-+p+-+-+0
- The exchange to aim for of the black Lc8 9+-+p+-+-0
for the white Ld3 9-+-zP-+-+0
(Manoeuvre Sb8-d7-f8-e6-g7 and then 9+-+-zP-+-0
Lf5) 9PzP-+-zPPzP0
(Manoeuvre Lc8-g4-h5-g6). 9+-+-mK-+-0
- Exceptions to Black’s standard defensive xiiiiiiiiy
plans, e.g. ... 0-0-0.
3
The position illustrated in the first diagram The central advance e3-e4.
resulted from the frequently played Preparation with f2-f3.
Exchange Variation of the Classical The intention is to set up a strong pawn
Queen’s Gambit after the sequence of centre with f3 + e4.
moves 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Sc3 Sf6 4.cxd5 Since the pawns will be mobile after an
exd5 5.Lg5 Le7 6.e3 c6 7.Ld3 Sbd7. exchange on e4, they can advance to the
The second diagram represents the fifth rank. If Black declines to exchange,
characteristic form of the pawn formation White achieves a major advantage in
which has arisen with its specific features, space.
namely the blocked central pawns (d4 d5) What has shown itself to be particularly
and the two semi-open files (c- and e- likely to be successful is the plan of e4-e5
files). followed up by Se4. The Se4 has such a
The following elementary strategic strong central position that a direct attack
elements or motifs are available and can be on the king becomes a possibility.
employed with the structure we have in The immediate advance.
front of us: After the capture on e4 White must
- semi-open white c-file: squares c1-c2-c3- recapture with a piece. He retains an
c4-c5, isolated pawn on d4, but the outpost
- semi-open black e-file: squares e4-e5-e6- squares e5 and c5 guarantee him good play
e7-e8, for his pieces.
- the ram d4-d5 as a pair of pawns which
are mutually blocking each other, The attack on the king.
- white outpost squares c5 and e5 as White castles long
unoccupied squares on the opposing side White starts a kingside pawn storm with
of the central demarcation line, h3+g4. If White’s king’s knight is on e2, it
- a white blockading square on c5 (a is frequently transferred via g3 to f5.
stopping square for the black c6-pawn), Exchanging for the bad black white-
- black outpost squares e4 and c4 as squared bishop secures for White the
unoccupied squares on the opposing side bishop pair and also, after the recapture
of the central demarcation line, with the g-pawn an open line for the
- a black blockading square on e4 (a attack.
stopping square for the white e3-pawn), When the knight is on f3 the outpost
- squares to act as levers for a rolling up square e5 can be occupied. After that the
(RU) and a breakthrough (BT) for White: advance of the f-pawn to f4 becomes an
RU e4 (a lever against the black d5-pawn) option. The outpost on e5 is supported and
BT b5 (a lever against the black c6-pawn), space is gained. The weakness on e3
- squares to act as levers for a rolling up hardly matters.
(RU) and a breakthrough (BT) for Black: In both cases a further advance e3-e4 is
RU c5 (a lever against the white d4-pawn) possible.
BT f4 (a lever against the white e3-pawn). White does not have to push on with the
attack come what may. Should Black play
3.2. Strategic plans for White ...c6-c5, then after the exchange of his d-
pawn White obtains the nice d4-square for
The minority attack: White advances his b- his knight.
pawn to b5. White castles short.
In very rare cases, Black can capture on b5 After short castling too, White can try a
himself. A very weak pawn on d5 would pawn storm. Once more a knight on e5 is
be the result. After the exchange on c6, a required in order to press forward with f-
backward pawn has been created, which and g-pawns.
can be besieged.
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3.3. Strategic plans for Black A queenside pawn storm with a7-a5-a4-a3
possibly in conjunction with b7-b5-b4.
Strategic plans for Black very much Gaining relief by exchanging minor pieces
depend on the setup which White has after ¤f5-e4.
chosen.
There are the following options against the In principle, Black should be seeking to
minority attack: exchange pieces so that White’s attacking
Black survives the minority attack and tries operations run out of steam!
to compensate for the weakness on c6 by In modern tournament praxis, from time to
active piece play (e.g. by occupying the time efforts are made to force the exchange
c4-square with a knight). of the White’s black-squared bishop at a
Blocking the white b-pawn by …b7-b5. very early stage. This enables Black to
Since this plan involves considerable avoid variations which have been analysed
strategic risks, it is necessary to in great detail (e.g. 1.d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3.Sc3
compensate for the weak c6-pawn by Sf6 4. cxd5 exd5 5.Lg5 Le7 6.e3 c6 7.Ld3
having a knight on c4. Sbd7 8.Dc2 Sh5).
Creating tactical threats to White’s
kingside by means of a concentration of 3.4. Possible transformations to other
pieces, e.g. transferring a knight from f6 to pawn structures
g4 or ¤f8-g6-h4, putting the bishop on d6
to keep an eye on h2, transferring the black Pawn structures which arise after the
queen to the kingside (on to h4, h6, g5 or minority attack:
f6). - pawns on d4, e3 against c6, d5
Occupying the e4-square with a knight. - pawns on d4, e3 against c6, d5 (with a-
White will be forced to exchange on e4, pawn).
which will result in a different pawn Pawn structures which arise after White’s
structure (see point 3.4). central advance:
- pawn on d4 against c6 (after the exchange
And against the e3-e4 pawn advance in the of the e4-pawn for d5 and the preparatory
centre: move f2-f3).
The pawn advance with a preparatory f2- Pawn structures which arise after an
f3: exchange on c5:
- exchange the pawn on e4 and play - pawns on c5, d4, e3 against b7, c5, d5
against White’s hanging pawns on d4 and (White has recaptured on c5 with the b-
e4, pawn).
- allow the advance e5, and then employ a Pawn structures which arise after Black’s
lever against the central d4-pawn by means advance …c6-c5:
of … c6-c5 (this is only possible if White - pawn on e3 against d5 (the Tarrasch
does not manage to get in f4-f5). structure: White exchanges on c5)
The pawn advance without a preparatory - pawns on d4, e3 against c4,d5 (White
f2-f3 . allows the advance …c5-c4).
Exchange off the e4-pawn and then play
against the isolated white d4-pawn
4. Plan for teaching module with
The following defensive plans have proved
their worth against a kingside attack by
suggested method
White:
Good planning for each teaching module is
The pawn advance ...c6-c5 with the aim of
determined by the didactic principles for
opening the c-file, or gaining space by
chess education and by the skills and
…c5-c4.
abilities of the students. Of course it is also
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necessary to take into account the age range of the children or young people.
The plan outlined here for a lesson (a acquisition of the knowledge. The revision
double period = 90 minutes) is aimed for which is undertaken at the start of Main
didactic purposes at a level of 1600-2000 part A can also be carried out in the form
Elo. It refers to a youth training group of of "Problem orientated chess teaching".
students aged up to about 18.
5. Exercises to check acquisition
Example of a chess lesson (90 minutes) – of learning outcomes
(see appendix 1)
Solve the exercises on the worksheet.
Suggestion as to which teaching method (see appendix 2)
to employ:
6. Thematic games
"By exposition". Because of the relatively
high proportion of new theoretical material
See ChessBase file.
to be put across, this is the most
appropriate method to ensure an
APPENDIX 1:
Example of a chess lesson (90 minutes)
Divisions Min. Co nt e nt
Introduction 5-10 Clarifying the aims of the lesson, the importance of central structures
for positional understanding.
Main part A 60-80 Theoretical instruction, revision of the general importance of the
struggle for the centre and the various central pawn formations,
explanations about the subject (i.e. the Karlsbad Pawn Structure)
including strategic plans for White and Black and the resulting
endgames.
Main part B 10-20 Revision, solving tasks from the work sheets (exercises)
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APPENDIX 2
Worksheet for chess lessons