Académique Documents
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No:236
SUBMITTED TO:
CHIEF ENGINEER (CONSTRUCTION) – II
NORTH EAST FRONTIER RAILWAY
(CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION)
Design Consultant
DESIGN REPORT FOR BRIDGE.NO:236
Statement of Confidentiality
This document is confidential and proprietary
Project Name NAME OF WORK: Design check for raising of abutment height for Bridge
No.236 between stations Bilasipura and Chapar of Gauripur - Abhayapuri
section
Doc No. BICPL/18/NFR/B-C /BR/236 Date of Issue 04-06-2018
Rev Date of
Description Changes made Prepared Reviewed Approved
No Issue/Revision
Table of Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Objective and Scope: ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.2. Summary: ................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3. Design Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.1. Pile: ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.2. Pile Cap: .............................................................................................................................................. 7
1.3.3. Abutment Shaft/Wall ........................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.4. Bed Block: ........................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.5. Ballast Wall: ........................................................................................................................................ 8
2. CODES AND STANDARD...................................................................................................................... 10
2.1. Standards ............................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2. Structural Materials ............................................................................................................................... 11
3. PILE........................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.1. Design of Pile: ....................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2. Reinforcement Summary: ...................................................................................................................... 13
4. PILE CAP .................................................................................................................................................. 16
4.1. Design of Pile cap:................................................................................................................................. 16
4.2. Reinforcement Summary: ...................................................................................................................... 17
5. ABUTMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 19
5.1. Design of Abutment: ............................................................................................................................. 19
5.2. Reinforcement Summary: ...................................................................................................................... 20
6. BED BLOCK............................................................................................................................................. 22
6.1. Design of Bed Block: ........................................................................................................................... 22
6.1.1. Reinforcement Summary: .................................................................................................................. 22
7. BALLAST WALL..................................................................................................................................... 24
7.1. Design of Ballast: .................................................................................................................................. 24
7.1.1. Reinforcement Summary: .................................................................................................................. 24
ANNEXURE-1 Design calculation ................................................................................................................... 26
DRAWINGS ..................................................................................................................................................... 56
SECTION - I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1. Objective and Scope:
The scope of this report is limited to design of Abutment for newly proposed Formation Level
from original Formation Level (FL:36.328 to FL:39.428) for Bridge No.236 . Due to change in
formation level, the height of the abutment is increased by 3.1m. The already provided section
suitability and design is checked for increase in the height of the abutment.
1.2. Summary:
a) "In this report the designing and analysis of Abutment is done for altered/New Formation Level i.e.,
FL: 39.428 for Bridge No. 236 "
b) For calculation purpose we considered the sections as per provided drawing no:CE/CON/N-
J/B/119/2007
c) Part-1 is an Inclined Portion from top of Pile Cap to RL: 34.893 i.e., 2.28m.
d) Part-2 is a Straight portion from RL:34.893 to top of Bed block i.e., 0.42m and the height will be
3.405m
e) For designing the abutment as per new F.L we considered same height of Part-1 as per given drawing.
f) But for Part-2 we raised the height to 3.405m upto top of Bearing Beam so that it will meet the
altered/proposed Formation level (FL: 39.428).
g) In this report concrete mix is considered as M30 and steel grade is considered as Fe 500
h) The allowable pile capacity under normal loading at founding level is considered from given drawing
report i.e., 220T & 33T and it is checked with pile reactions in all load combinations and it is found
safe.
i) Pile reinforcement is cross checked and found that the rebar provided is insufficient under seismic
condition.
1.3. Design Summary
1.3.1. Pile:
Reinforcement as per our
Reinforcement as per Drawing
Sl. Calculation Check /
Description
No opp. to earth opp. to earth Remark
Earth face face Earth face face
1 Main Bar 20 No's. of 32 φ @ 120 mm c/c 24 No's of 32 φ @ 120 mm c/c unsafe
Circular
2 12 φ link bars @ 250 mm c/c 12 φ link bars @ 250 mm c/c Safe
Bars
Remark: In Main reinforcement provided No. of Bars/reinforcement is insufficient. Therefore,
required at least 28 No. of bars as per calculation.
Pile provided is insufficient for increase in height of 3.1m. Hence provide two number of
additional piles with same dimensions and reinforcement.
SECTION - II
Loading
IS 875 Part - 1
IRS Code of practice for Plain, Reinforced and Prestressed concrete for general construction
of Bridges
Design of foundations
IS: 2911 - Indian Standard code of practice for design and construction of pile foundations.
Concrete reinforcement
IS: 1566 - Specification for Hard-Drawn Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete reinforcement
SP- 16 - Design aids for reinforced concrete
SP- 34 - Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing.
SECTION - III
PILE
3. PILE
Piles are driven in to soil to improve the load bearing capacity of the soil through which it passes to
such an extent that it can take on the superimposed load of structure safely.
2 Lateral ties 12 φ link bars @ 250 mm c/c 12 φ link bars @ 250 mm c/c Safe
Sl. Area of Rein. as per Area of Rein. As per Area of Rein. Check /
Description
No Drawing Calculation required Remark
1 Main Bar 13404 mm² 22518 mm² 21210 mm² Unsafe
2 Lateral ties 452 mm² 452 mm² 452mm2 Safe
Conclusion:
Provided area of Main reinforcement is less than that of calculated area of reinforcement.
Hence it is Unsafe.
Pile provided is insufficient for increase in height of 3.1m. Hence provide two number of additional
piles with same dimensions and reinforcement.
Reinforcement summary (for revised Pile reinforcement):
Sl. Area of Rein. as per Area of Rein. As per Area of Rein. Check /
Description
No Drawing Calculation required Remark
1 Main Bar 13404 mm² 16084 mm² 15320 mm² Safe
2 Lateral ties 452 mm² 452 mm² 452mm2 Safe
Note: Design calculation Please check Annexure-1 for revised pile design
SECTION - IV
PILE CAP
4. PILE CAP
A bridge sub structure requires several piles to support the loads. In such cases, groups of piles are
used and they are combined by a pile cap which supports the substructure.
4.1. Design of Pile cap:
The Pile Cap shall be designed under seismic condition as it is critical for design.
a) Dimensions:
Dimensions details of Abutment are taken from drawing no. CE/CON/N-J/B/119/2007.
b) Load combinations under ULS condition:
1. Dead load+ live load+ Horizontal force+ Restraining forces+ Earth Pressure+ Live load
Surcharge(under HFL).
2. Dead load+ live load+ Horizontal force+ Restraining forces+ Earth Pressure+ Live load
Surcharge(under LWL).
3. Dead load +Live load + 0.5* Horizontal force + Restraining forces + Seismic (under
HFL)
4. Dead load +Live load + 0.5* Horizontal force + Restraining forces + Seismic (under
LWL)
5. Dead load + Restraining forces + Seismic (under HFL no span).
6. Dead load + Restraining forces + Seismic (under LWL no span).
c) Calculation of Sectional modulus of Pile.
d) Calculation of Maximum Pile reaction in ULS case
e) Calculation of Minimum Pile reaction in ULS case
f) Calculation of Moment along longitudinal direction of Pile cap
g) Check for reinforcement:
1. Main Reinforcement:
i. Required area of reinforcement is as per cl.No.15.4.2.2.1 of IRS CBC.
ii. Min area of reinforcement required is as per cl.No.15.9.4.1 of IRS CBC.
2. Distribution Reinforcement:
i. Min area of secondary reinforcement is as per cl.No.15.9.4.2 of IRS CBC
3. Check for Shear:
i. Shear stress calculation is as per cl.No.15.4.3.1 of IRS CBC
ii. Allowable shear stress as per cl.No.15.8.3.2 of IRS CBC
iii. Shear reinforcement as per table no. 14 of IRS CBC
Sl. Area of Rein. as per Area of Rein. As per Area of Rein. Check /
Description
No Drawing Calculation required Remark
1 Main Bar 3273 mm² 3216 mm² 2888 mm² 3217 mm² 2820 mm² 2820 mm² Safe
Distribution
2 Bar 3217 mm² 3217 mm² 1964 mm² 1964 mm² 1690 mm² 1690 mm² Safe
3 Stirrups 5424 mm² 2712 mm² 1197 mm² Safe
Conclusion:
Provided area of reinforcement is more than calculated area of reinforcement. Hence it is safe in
design.
SECTION - V
ABUTMENT
5. ABUTMENT
Abutments are end supports to the superstructure of a bridge and they retain earth on their back side
which serves as an approach to the bridge.
1 Main Bar 26998 mm² 26998 mm² 26998 mm² 26998 mm² 22950 mm² 22950 mm² Safe
Conclusion:
Provided area of reinforcement is same as calculated area of reinforcement. Hence it is safe in
design.
SECTION - VI
BED BLOCK
6. BED BLOCK
A reinforced Concrete bed block resting over top of the abutments and piers is generally provided to
evenly distribute the dead and live loads on the pier.
a) Dimensions:
Dimensions details of Abutment are taken from drawing no. CE/CON/N-
J/B/119/2007.
b) Check for Reinforcement
Conclusion:
Provided area of reinforcement is more than calculated area of reinforcement. Hence it is safe in
design.
SECTION - VII
BALLAST WALL
7. BALLAST WALL
Ballast Wall is provided to retain ballast. Ballast is material used to provide stability to a vehicle or
structure.
a) Dimensions:
Dimensions details of Abutment are taken from drawing no. CE/CON/N-
J/B/119/2007.
b) Forces acting on Abutments:
1. Earth pressure
2. Surcharge
c) Calculation of Moments from Earth pressure and surcharge
d) Check for Reinforcement
Vertical
1 Bars 604 mm² 604 mm² 524 mm² 524 mm² 660 mm² Safe
2 Hori. Bars 1340 mm² 1340 mm² 1340 mm² 1340 mm² 1340 mm² Safe
Conclusion:
Provided area of reinforcement is more than calculated area of reinforcement. Hence it is safe
in design.
ANNEXURE-1
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
ANNEXURE-1
* Dimension details of substructure, foundation are shown on page no. and dimension detail
on drawing no. CE/CON/N-J/B/119/2007 also, refer GAD on drawings no.
* Type of substructure cantilever type front wall with side wall supported by front wall and pile cap.
* Grade of concrete for pile cap, abutment, bearing beam, & returns shall be M - 30 and M-30 for pile
and Pile Cap
* The grade of rein. shall be Fe - 415
* The allowable pile capacity under normal loading at founding level shall be = 224.44 T
* If the wind or seismic effect is also considered the allowable pile capacity
will be increased by factor as per cl. 6.9 of IRS substructures & foundations = 280.6 T
0.385
0.7750
38.609m Top of Bearing(if it is provided)
38.298m Top of Bed block 1.000
0.42 37.878m Bottom of Bed block
Bearing beam 1.000
1.00 HFL 34.600m
0.225
0.6
35.313 m
Front wall
GL 32.613m
1.70 1.76
32.613m pile cap top lvl
Y 1.50
X Pile cap 31.113m pile cap bottom lvl 1.00
Side wall
8.113m founding lvl
0.00 0.00
0.65 2.00 2.00 0.65
5.300 m
ELEVATION OF ABUTMENT
Transverse Direction
5.30
Longitudinal 7.30
Direction
6.00
3.00
0.65
PLAN OF PILE CAP
2 DEAD LOAD - The dead load from various part acting on the foundation and their moment
about point X are calculated as under.
* Wt OF PILES
Under LWL condition
5x π/4 x 1.002 x 23.00 x 1.40 = 126.45 T
Under HFL condition
2
5x π/4 x 1.00 x 23.00 x 1.40 = 126.45 T
A LWL Condition
wt of water column on front wall / footing (downward loads and moments)
x
1/2 1.70 x 0.000 x 6.65 x 1.00 = 0.00 x 0.850 = 0.00
above GL 0.00 0.00
x
1/2 1.70 x 1.987 x 6.65 x 1.00 = 22.46 x 0.850 = -19.09
above GL 22.46 -19.09
As per cl no. 2.5.3(b) of Bridge rules centrifugal force shall be calculated for max velocity
and this force will act at a height of 1.83m for MUG (ref cl no. 2.5.3.b)
6 RESTRAINING FORCES
Frictional forces on abutment = 0.00 T
5 EARTH PRESSURE
Following are the soil properties for soil below scour level.
Angle of internal friction φ 32.5 degree
Angle of wall friction δ 10.83 degree
Cohesion c 0
Submerged density of soilW 1.0 T/m3
Saturated density of soil W 2.0 T/m3
Assuming α 0 degree angle from vertical plane
i 0 degree angle from horizontal plane of earth surcharge
The coefficient of active pressure (Ka) and passive pressure (Kip) shall
be calculated as under. Ref clause no 5.7 of IRS SUBSTRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION
cos2(φ-α) 2
2
Ka(hor.) =cos α.cos(α +δ). 1 + sin(φ + δ).sin(φ - i) = 0.279
cos(α - i).cos(α + δ)
Similarly,
cos2(φ + α)
2
2
Kp(hor.) =cos α.cos(α -δ). 1 - sin(φ + δ).sin(φ + i) = 4.828
cos(α - i).cos(α - δ)
1 7.978 m
31.450m LWL
2 0.337 m
3 31.113m
Pile cap bottom
01 02
1 4.828m
34.600m (HFL)
2 3 3.49
31.113m Pile cap bottom
01 02
Active Earth pressure calculations :
Ordinates of earth pressure
Ka g h Pa
3
(T/m ) (m) (T/m2)
O1 = 0.279 x 2.00 x 4.828 = 2.689
O2 = 0.279 x 1.00 x 3.487 = 0.971
8.32 8.32
b
a 31.113m
(S + V) Ka = 0.40
(B + H)
(L-B) = b
1.35 a
8.32
8.32
c
6.97 31.113m
(S + V) Ka = 0.825
(L)
αh 0.12
λ = Atan ------------- = Atan ----------
= 0.113 or 0.127 rad
1 +- α v 0.060
2
(1 +- α v) x cos (φ - λ - α).cosδ
2
Ka(hor.) =cosλ.cos α.cos(δ + λ + α). x 1 + sin(φ + δ).sin(φ - i -λ)
cos(α - i).cos(δ + α + λ)
B HFL condition
Horizontal force & moment (static component) as tabulated below
SURCHARGE
CASE 1 THIS CASE IS NOT APPLICABLE
Part static dyn. incr. dynamic eccentricity D. Moment S. Moment
force factor force @ Base @ Base
(ton) (m) (ton) (m) (t-m) (t-m)
a = 22.282 x 0.328 = 7.30 x 5.5433 = 40.494 92.64
b = 17.479 x 0.328 = 5.73 x 6.236 = 35.735 96.89
c = 0.000 x 0.328 = 0.00 x 0.000 = 0.000 0.000
39.761 13.035 76.229 189.53
10 SUMMARY OF LOADS
S. Details of loading Vertical longitudinal longitudinal transverse transverse
No load force moment force moment
(ton) (ton) (ton-m) (ton) (ton-m)
1 Dead load
LWL condition 878.69 -908.51
HFL condition 790.13 -868.07
4 Earth Pressure
LWL condition 127.942 354.6
HFL condition 116.788 341.8
n= 5
2
IL = 2.00 * 4 = 16.0 m2
2
0.00 * 4 = 0.0 m2
2
0.00 * 4 = 0.0 m2
16.0 m2
2
IT = 3.00 * 4 = 36.0 m2
2
0.00 * 4 = 0.0 m2
2
0.00 * 0 = 0.0 m2
36.0 m2
YT = 3.00 m ZT =
36.0 = 12.0 m
3.00
Max Moment in pile considering semi fix head =
3.22 . Q m (refer Appendix)
=
3.09 . Q m (Under Seismic case)
(ref cal of depth of fixity)
L.C 1 Dead load+ live load+ Hori. force+ Restraining forces+ Earth Press+ Live load Surcharge(under HFL)
dl ll Hf Rest Ep LLS
V = 790.13 + 130.08 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + = 920.20 t
ML = -868.07 + 10.08 + 163.70 + 0.00 + 341.82 + 197.08 + = -155.4 tm
MT = 0.00 + 0+ 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + = 0.00 tm
HL = 0.00 + 0+ 27.30 + 0.00 + 116.79 + 46.56 + = 190.65 t
HT = 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + = 0.00 t
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 190.65 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 122.75 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 0.00 tm
L.C 2 Dead load+ live load+ Hori. force+ Restraining forces+ Earth Press+ Live load Surcharge(under LWL)
dl ll Hf Rest Ep LLS
V = 878.69 + 130.08 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + = 1008.76 t
ML = -908.5 + 10.1 + 163.70 + 0.00 + 354.58 + 197.08 + = -183.06 tm
MT = 0.00 + 0+ 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + = 0.00 tm
HL = 0.00 + 0+ 0.00 + 0.00 + 127.94 + 46.56 + = 174.51 t
HT = 0.00 + 0.000 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + = 0.00 t
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 174.51 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 112.36 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 0.00 tm
L.C 3 Dead load +Live load + 0.5* Hori. Force + Restraining forces + Seismic (under HFL)
dl ll 0.5*Hf Rest Ep LLS Seis
V 790.13 + 130.08 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 3.38 = 923.58 t
ML -868.07 + 10.08 + 81.85 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 913.64 = 137.50 tm
MT 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 0.00 tm
HL 0.00 + 0.00 + 13.65 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 273.19 = 286.84 t
HT 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 0.00 t
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 286.84 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 184.69 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 0.00 tm
L.C 4 Dead load + live load + 0.5*Hori. force + Restraining forces + Seismic (under LWL)
dl ll .5*Hf Rest Seis
V 878.69 + 130.08 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 3.38 = 1012.14 t
ML -908.5 + 10.1 + 81.85 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 941.61 = 125.03 tm
MT 0.00 + 0+ 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0= 0.00 tm
HL 0.00 + 0+ 13.65 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 288.00 = 301.65 t
HT 0.00 + 0.000 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 0.00 t
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 301.65 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 194.22 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 0.00 tm
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 216.90 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 139.66 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 0.00 tm
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 231.71 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 149.19 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.22 / 5.00 = 0.00 tm
= -147.69 t-m
(H.F)
HT = 1.2 x 0.00 = 0.00 t
(H.F)
MT = 1.2 x 0.00 = 0.00 t-m
2) Under Seismic-LWL case
Force and moments with SLS factor
(Total) (Pile) (SIDL) (SIDL) (L.L)
Direct load W=1 x ( 878.69 - 126.45 - 28.73 ) + 1.2 x 28.73 + 1 x 130.1 = 888.06 T
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 351.26 x 3.22 / 5 = 226.17 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.22 / 5 = 0.00 tm
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 457.64 x 3.09 / 5 = 283.24 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.09 / 5 = 0.00 tm
d/D= 0.09
Also fck = 30 N/mm2 and fy = 415 N/mm2
PU = 264.19 T = 2641878 N
MU = 226.17 Tm =2.3E+09 N-mm d
2
P U / (fck * D ) = 0.09
MU / (fck * D3) = 0.08 D
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 351.26 x 3.22 / 7 = 161.55 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.22 / 7 = 0.00 tm
ML due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 457.64 x 3.09 / 7 = 202.31 tm
MT due to hori force at top of pile per pile = 0.00 x 3.09 / 7 = 0.00 tm
d/D= 0.09
Also fck = 30 N/mm2 and fy = 415 N/mm2
PU = 187.40 T = 1874016 N
MU = 161.55 Tm =1.6E+09 N-mm d
2
P U / (fck * D ) = 0.06
MU / (fck * D3) = 0.05 D
4 CENTRIFUGAL FORCES
6 RESTRAINING FORCES
Frictional forces on abutment = 0.00 ton
Moment in long direction ML 0.00 x ( 38.61 - 32.61 ) = 0 tm
38.333 133.411
Normal case
ML = 1.4 x -28.57 + 2.0 x 0.48 + 1.7x 193.45+ 1.7x 133.41 + 2.0x 0.98
( 0.5 xHor force)
( Equv. torsion) (Restraining Force)
+ 2x 163.70 + 1.7 x 15.52 + 1.4 x 0.00 = 872.35 tm
Seismic case
V= 1.4 x 241.57 + 2.0 x 1.79 + 1.7x 130.08 + 1.7x 8.33 = 579.81 T
.'. provide 55 nos 25 dia bar on earth face and 55 nos 25 dia on other face
As provided = 981.7 cm2Hence OK
B) Under ULS Design as per SP: 16 of BIS
PU = 579.81 T = 5798088 N
MU = 1003.40 Tm = 1E+10 N-mm
P U / (fck * b * D) = 0.02
Shear forces V = 1.4 x 27.3 + 1.7 x 86.02 + 1.7 x 38.33 + 1.25 x 16.65 + 1.25 x 15.27 = 289.51 t
5.30
0.65 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65
0.65
6.00
7.30
Longi.
Direction
0.65
SECTION X - X
Downward vertical load due to soil & self weight
0x 1.8 + 1.5 x 2.5 = 3.75 t/m2
Moment about X - X
2x 264.19 x 1.05 + 2x 0.00 x 0.00 = 554.79
- 1.4 x 3.75 x 7.30 x 1.70 x 1.70 x 0.50 = 55.38
499.41 tm
PILE CAPACITY
3
Deflection Y (cm) = Q . (L1 + Lf)3 / (3 . E . I ) = 1000 Q x( 0 + 744.017 )
3.0 x 2.74E+05 x 4.9E+06
= 0.10212 Q cm Q in ton
Therefore for semi fix head pile , average of fix and free head pile
Mmax =( 3.46 + 2.98 Q )/ 2 = 3.22Q tm
Total lateral load on pile cap under normal case = SQRT ( 190.65 + 0.00 )
= 190.65 T
Load on each pile = 190.65 / 5 = 38.13 T
Therefore deflection = 0.0386 Q x 38.13 = 1.470 cm
Therefore for semi fix head pile , average of fix and free head pile
Mmax =( 3.33 + 2.86 Q )/ 2 = 3.09 tm
1.035
1.13 1.35
0.859
0.629 t/m2
0.825
6.965
0.825
EARTH PRESSURE SURCHARGE
NORMAL CONDITION
Part Intensity height multiplying force eccentricity Moment @
factor Base
(t/m2) (m) (ton) (m) (t-m)
Earth press = 0.629 x 1.13 x 0.50 = 0.356 x 0.475 = 0.169
Surcharge = 0.859 x 1.13 x 1.00 = 0.971 x 0.565 = 0.549
Surcharge = 0.176 x 1.13 x 0.50 = 0.099 x 0.753 = 0.075
1.426 0.792
SEISMIC CONDITION
Part static dyn. incr. dynamic eccentricity D. Moment S. Moment
force factor force @ Base @ Base
(ton) (m) (ton) (m) (t-m) (t-m)
Earth press = 0.356 x 0.328 = 0.12 x 0.565 = 0.066 0.169
Surcharge = 0.971 x 0.328 = 0.32 x 0.753 = 0.240 0.549
Surcharge = 0.099 x 0.328 = 0.03 x 0.848 = 0.028 0.075
1.426 0.467 0.333 0.792
Net moment = 0.333 + 0.792 = 1.126 tm
Min rein reqrd 0.2 % of cross sectional area 0.002 x 100.0 x 32.9 = 6.6 cm2
Allow = 6.6 cm2
.'. provide 10 dia tor bar at 150 c/c in vertical direction on earth face. = 5.2 cm2
.'. provide 10 dia tor bar at 150 c/c in vertical direction opp to earth face. = 5.2 cm2
10.5 cm2s afe
The Bed block/ Abutment Cap is a solid slab fully supported on abutment wall.
Mesh Reinforcement (25mm dia 250 c/c in Longitudinal Direction & 25 mm dia 250
c/c in transverse direction) has been provided under bearings.
The Block has been adequetely reinforced with 20mm dia bar @ 150 mm c/c
bothways to provide rigidity and strength against local loading
DRAWINGS