Abstract

Cholera is a disease of acute gastrointestinal infectious caused by ingestion of

food or water contaminated with the bacterium vibrio cholerae. This bacterium
produces a powerful toxin that attaches to the walls of the intestines, in
response to this toxin, the body responds by means of the secretion of large
amounts of water, which causes a watery diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration
later to drop out of fluids and salts leave body. Only two serogroups, O1 and
O139, are known to cause large outbreaks in humans. V. cholerae O1 can be
divided according to phenotypic or biochemical differences in the classical and
El Tor biotypes. Within each biotype, isolates are classified into serotypes by
their antigenic form, with Inaba and Ogawa being the most important. The
objective of the work is to investigate the treatments and updated diagnoses of
Cholera.

For the investigation on treatment and updated diagnosis of cholera the

microbiology subjects were related for the knowledge of the characteristics of
Vibrio, as well as pharmacology, physiology, English and epidemiology.

Diagnosis is confirmed by isolation of V. cholerae in copro culture from stool or

by sample obtained by rectal swabbing. The sample must be transported to the
laboratory in a special medium (Cary Blair) and sown in a special medium
(TCBS) to identify its biotypes, serotypes and toxigenicity. In 80% of cases, the
administration of oral hydration solution is effective and sufficient with solutions
containing glucose and electrolytes. The antimicrobials of choice for cholera are
doxycycline and erythromycin in children under 5 years of age and pregnant
women which help inactivate the vibrio cholerae bacteria and reduce stool
volume, shorten the symptom period, bacterial excretion, mortality and lethality.

The diagnosis for cholera disease has not changed over time as has the
treatment of choice (doxylcin 100mg) used for cholera disease, both of which
have been shown to be very useful for both the identification and elimination of
the bacteria. With the bibliographies consulted throughout this research, it was
observed that an attempt has been made to innovate the treatment for cholera
disease and an attempt has been made to eradicate this disease. However, so
far there have not been several innovations only one vaccine has been created
which is not recommended by WHO.