Library Guide

St. Paul University Surigao

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

on Crediting Sources
How to Cite Commonly Used Information Sources in
American Psychological Association (APA) Style, 6th edition

GENERAL RULES
 Entry of the work begins with the last name of the author, followed by a comma and the initial/s of the author’s first
name/s followed by a period.
 The date of publication appears in parentheses, followed by a period.
 Only the first letter of the first word of the book title, the first letter of the first word of the subtitle and the proper
names within both are capitalized.
 Articles are treated as words per general rule.
 The entire title and the end period are italicized.
 The place of publication is followed by a colon and the name of the publisher. Give the location (Surigao City,
Philippines) If US locations, abbreviate the state (based on U.S. Postal Service abbreviations) i.e. New York, NY.
 If the publisher is a university, do not repeat the name in the publisher location.
 Write out the word associations, corporations, Books and Press but omit superfluous terms, such as publishers, Co., and
Inc. When the author is publisher, use the word “Author” to indicate the publisher. End with the period.
 Entries appear in alphabetical order according to the last name of the author or if there is no author, the first word in
the title, excluding the articles.
 Two or more works by the author appear in chronological order by date of publication, beginning with the earliest.
 Use these abbreviations: N.p. for “No place of publication,” n.p. for “no publisher,” and n.d. for “no date.”
 For the citation format, use a hanging indention. Begin each entry at the left margin, and indent succeeding lines in the
entry five spaces (usually accomplished by using the TAB key).
Ex. Valdez, R. A. (2009). A failure of capitalism : The crisis of ’08 and the descent into depression. Surigao
City, Philippines: Paulinian Publisher.
 The sixth-edition of APA format requires that the reference list be double-spaced.

REFERENCE EXAMPLES
BOOKS
with one (1) author
Author’s Last Name, First Name in initials. (Copyright). Title of the book (edition, if there is).
Place of publication : Publisher.

Corvera, A. E. (2016). Essentials of library science teachings (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall.

with two (2) to seven (7) authors – list all the authors (use an ampersand (&) not the word and before the
last author in the list)
Authors’ Last Name, First Name in initials. (Copyright). Title of the book (edition, if there is).
Place of Publication : Publisher.

Corvera, A. S. & Lonzon, W.T. (2018). Essentials of library orientation: The goal of a librarian
(7th ed.). Surigao City, Philippines : Pauline.

Espiritu, P. B., Retorta, M., Moleta, R., Miano, D,. Teriote, C. E., Curayag, C. M., & Corvera, D. (2018). The power
of love. Surigao City, Philippines : Pauline.

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with eight (8) or more authors – list the first six authors (in inverted form) then insert three (3) ellipsis
points, and add the last author’s name
Berman, A., Snyder, S. J., Levett-Jones, T., Dwyer, T., Hales, M., Harvey, N., ... Stanley, D. (2012).
Kozier and Erb's fundamentals of nursing (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Australia.

Works with no identified author or with an Anonymous author

Title of the book. (Copyright). Place of Publication : Publisher.

College bound seniors. (2002). New York : McMillan.

In-text citation: When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words in the title and
the year and use double quotation marks around the title.
….to the book entitled College Bound Seniors (2018) or, (“College Bound,” 2018)
UNPUBLISHED THESIS AND DISSERTATION *for Dissertation, use “doctoral dissertation”
Author’s name. (Year). Research title (Unpublished master’s thesis). Name of University, Place.

Enario, A. S. (2017). Social styles, technological competencies and work performance of

seasoned librarians (Unpublished master’s thesis). Cebu Normal University, Surigao City.

Guerra, E. C. (1997). The extent of contributions of accredited higher education institutions of Region X to
quality education institutions (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). St. Paul University Surigao, Surigao
City.

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Author’s Last Name, First Name in initials. (year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal,
Volume No. (Issue No.), Page no. of the article.

Miranda, R. B. (2015). Drawing the line on the religious line-item veto: How Ibong and Ochoa failed to
accommodate the rights of third parties when healthcare providers conscientiously object. Philippine
Law Journal, 89(3), 498-542.

MAGAZINE ARITICLE
MONTHLY MAGAZINE
An article from a monthly magazine is listed by author. The date is given by year and month, separated by
a comma, in parentheses. The article title appears next with sentence-style capitalization. The title of the
magazine, with headline-style capitalization, is followed by a comma, the volume number and the issue number
(if there is one). The entry ends with inclusive page numbers listed without page abbreviations.
Author’s Last Name, First Name in initials. (Date of issue). Title of the article. Title of the
Magazine, volume number (Issue No.), Page no. of the article.
Moleta, R. (2018, January). The reference services. Juan Magazine, 16(3), 50-51.

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WEEKLY MAGAZINE
The entry for a weekly magazine is identical to the entry for a monthly magazine except that the date of
publication (along with the year and month) is included in parentheses.

Moleta, R. (2018, January 8). The reference services. Juan Magazine, 16(3), 50-51.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE *list the page numbers with the abbreviations p. or pp. When sections are indicated by
letters, they are presented along with the page numbers, without intervening punctuation or space. However,
when newspaper sections are numbered, a colon separates the section from the page number.

Author’s name. (year, month, day). Title of the article. Title of the Newspaper, page no.

Metcalfe, B. (1996, September 30). The numbers show how slowly the internet runs today.
Infoworld, p. 34.

de Vera, B. O. (2018, September 12). Trade gap breaches $20-B mark. Philippine Daily
Inquirer, p.B1, C2.

NEWSLETTER ARTICLE *If the newsletter appears seasonally, include such identifying information along with
the year (2008, spring).

Author’s name. (Year, month). Title of the article. Title of the newsletter, volume number(issue number), page/s
(do not label the pages such p. or pp.)

Corvera, R. (2018). The source of all creation. The Paulinian Words, 50(2), 1, 5-6.

AN EDITORIAL *insert the word editorial [Editorial] right after the title of the article.

Gumapac, C. (2018). Live Love Learn: The power of prayer and contemplation [Editorial]. The
Nation, 56(3), 7-8.

A TRANSLATION

de Beauvoir, S. (2018). The married woman (H. M. Parshly, Trans.). In S. Hirschberg & T. Hirschberg
(Eds.), Past to present: Ideas that changed our world (pp.188-194). Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall.

A REPRINTED BOOK
Espiritu, P. B. (2018). Ethical issues in catastrophic behavioral research: Applied perspectives.
Malden, MA: Blackwell. (Original work published 1977).

A PAMPHLET OR BROCHURE * When a pamphlet or brochure contains clearly presented information, it is

cited like a book, with a descriptive title enclosed in brackets.

Teriote, C. (2018). Nurturing children’s skills [Pamphlet]. Surigao City, Philippines: St. Paul
University Surigao.
Surigao.

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A LECTURE OR SPEECH * An entry for a lecture or speech includes the speaker’s name, the date of the speech,
the title of the speech (italicized) or a descriptive title (in brackets), a series title or a description of the
speech-making context, and the location (most often, the city and state or country).

Lonzon, W. (2018, January 8). [Resignation speech]. Speech presented at the Cultural Heritage
Center, Surigao City, Philippines.

Dumale, J. (2018, April 13). Preferences of teens in the 21st century. Lecture presented for the
Paulinian Presidential Lectures in Humanities and Arts, Surigao University, Surigao City,
Philippines.

 The published proceedings from a conference present revised, printed versions of papers that
were delivered at the meeting. If the proceedings are published individually, cite as books. If they
are published regularly, present them as periodicals.

MAP, GRAPH, TABLE OR CHART

As part of another source (found in a book, journal, etc.)- It is treated like a selection in an edited collection
(or a chapter in a book). If known, include the name of the author, artist, or designer responsible for the
element.
As prepared independently- it is treated like a book.
PART OF ANOTHER SOURCE

Saludar, R. (2018). Alternative routes of librarians in the Philippines [Map]. In W. Lonzon & M.
Retorta, The journey of librarians in the Philippines (p.5). Surigao City, Philippines: Author.

TREATED INDIVIDUALLY
Saludar, R. (2018). Alternative routes of librarians in the Philippines [Map]. Surigao City, Philippines: Author.

ABSTRACT ONLY

Gumapac, C. (2018). Connecting people in libraries: A qualitative analysis [Abstract]. Journal of Library
and Information Science, 4, 5-8.

ABSTRACT (ONLINE)

Gumapac, C. (2018). Connecting people in libraries: A qualitative analysis [Abstract]. Journal of Library
and Information Science, 4, 5-8. Retrieved from www.librarysciencejournal.org

ELECTRONIC VERSION OF PRINT BOOK

Author’s Last Name, First Name in initials. (Copyright). Title of the book [version]. Retrieved from
http://www.--
Or
Author’s Last Name, First Name in initials. (Copyright). Title of the book [version]. doi:----

Shotton, M.A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency [DX

Reader version]. Retrieved from http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/html/index.asp.
This sample was copied from APA (2010)

Brandl, M. (2017). Banking: Theories and management [Adobe Digital Editions

version]. doi:101036/0071393722 This sample was copied from APA (2010)

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ELECTRONIC-ONLY BOOK

Author’s Last Name, First Name in initials. (Copyright). Title of the book . Retrieved from http://www.

O’keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. Retrieved

http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemlD=35 This sample was copied from APA (2010)

ARTICLE IN JOURNAL (ONLINE)

*a DOI or a digital object identifier is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency to
identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet” (American Psychological
Association, 2010, 189).

Author’s Last Name, First Name in initials. (Year of issue). Title of the article. Journal title, vol.
(no.), page number. Retrieved from http ://.----------------.---- or doi : -------------

Bactol, L.O. (2018). The effects of consuming bubble gum. Medical Journal Online, 6(2), 14-30.
Retrieved from http://www.medicaljournal.org/2.html

JOURNAL ACTICLE FROM ONLINE DATABASE (SUBSCRIBED)

Author’s Last Name, First Name. (Date of Issue). Title of the Article. Journal title. Retrieved from
http:www.-------------.--- OR doi:

Rebmann, K. R., & Clark, C. B. (2017). Open Access Research via Collaborative Educational
Blogging: A Case Study from Library & Information Science. Open Praxis, 9(3), 345-357.
Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=4c508966-e811-41

ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA OR OTHER REFERENCE WORK (e.g. Encyclopedias, Dictionaries)

Title of entry. (Date of issue). Title of reference work (edition) .Retrieved from http://www.-----------.---
NO AUTHOR/ EDITOR
Cooperation. (2018). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.m-
w.com/dictionary/cooperation

WITH AUTHOR & EDITOR

Enario, A. S. (2018). Cooperation. In D. Corvera (Ed.), The Suriganon Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved from
http://www.surigaononencyclopedia.com/cooperation

A PROFESSIONAL WEBSITE, INFORMATION DATABASE, OR SCHOLARLY PROJECT

de Vries, S. (2007 November 18). Close encounters with Alfred Adler. Retrieved from Classical Adlerian
Psychology website: http://ourworld.compuserve.com This sample was copied from Perrin (2012).

However, if a website’s name is clear from the URL, it is not required in the retrieval statement.

Hart, M. (1992). The history and philosophy of Project Gutenberg. Retrieved from
http://www.gutenberg.org/ This sample was copied from Perrin (2012).

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ONLINE MAGAZINE

Manile, M. (2018, June). Mathematics for life: The logic of science. The Mathematics Magazine,
5(2). Retrieved from http://mathmagzonline.org/

ONLINE NEWSPAPER

Congreso, J. (2018, September 15). The history of inflation rate in the Philippines. The Newspaper
Post. Retrieved from http://www.npp.com

ONLINE MAP, GRAPHS, TABLE, or CHART

PART OF THE SERIES

United States Geological Survey. (2010, February 6). Parana River Delta [Satellite image]. In Earth as
Art Series. Retrieved from the United States Geological Survey website: http://eros.usgs.gov
This sample was copied from Perrin (2012)

FOUND IN THE GOVERNMENT WEBSITE

United States Census Bureau. (2018). School enrollment by poverty status, sex, and age [Table].
Retrieved from the United States Census Bureau website: http://pubdb3.census.gov
This sample was copied from Perrin (2012)

MAP RETRIEVED ONLINE

Lewis County Geographic Information Services (Cartographer). (2002). Population density, 2000 U. S.
Census [Demographic map]. Retrieved from
http://www.co.lewis.wa.us/publicworks/maps/Demogaphics/census-pop-dens_2000.pdf
This sample was copied from Perrin (2012)

CD-ROM
Author. (Year). Title of CD-ROM (edition). (Publisher or distributor, the word CD-ROM, the release date,
and an item number if there’s any).

*If the source’s author is also the publisher just type “Author” instead of the mentioning it again in the
publisher area.
National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (2008). PE metrics: Assessing the standards:
Standard 1, elementary. (Author, CD-ROM, 2008 release).
This sample was copied from Perrin (2012)

MOTION PICTURE
*list the primary contributors in the author position and use parentheses to identify their contribution
Producer’s name. (Producer), & Director’s name. (Director). (Year of release). Title of the motion picture.
[Motion Picture]. Country of Origin : Studio.

Arguelles, G. (Producer), & Gimena, J. (Director). (2018). Love conquers all.[Motion picture].
Philippines: Alvarado Studio.

MUSIC RECORDING
Writer’s name. (Copyright year). Title of song [Recorded by B. B. Artist if different from writer]. On Title of
album [Medium of recording; CD, record, cassette, etc.] Location : Label. (Date of recording if different from
song copyright date)

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 ENTIRE RECORDING
Alvarado, R. D. (2018). Paano mag move-on [CD]. Surigao City, Philippines: Cherrywin Records

SINGLE SELECTION ON A RECORDING

Alvarado, R. D. (2018). Heartache. On Paano mag move-on [CD]. Surigao City, Philippines: Cherrywin
Records

ORIGINAL SELECTION IN AN EDITED COLLECTION

Author’s Last Name, First Name in initials. (Date of Publication). Title of the Article/Original Selection.
Inroduced by the world In (not italicized), Name of Editor/s (not inverted- First Name in initials
First) followed by (Eds), Title of Collection (inclusive page numbers for the selection). Place of
Publication : Publisher.

Daguman, M., & Pescueso, G. (2010). Opportunities and strengths in teaching Psychology. In R. E.
Alvarado, C. J. Magno, & J. Magno (Eds)., Psychology in the real world (pp. 167-201).

MESSAGE POSTED TO A NEWSGROUP, ONLINE FORUM, OR DISCUSSION GROUP

Rampersad, T. (2005, June 8). Re: Traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions
[Online forum comment]. Retrieved from
http://www/wipo.int/roller/comments/ipisforum/Weblog/theme_eight_how_can_cultu
ral#comments This sample was copied from APA (2010)

This sample was copied from APA (2010)

MESSAGE POSTED TO AN ELECTRONIC MAILING LIST

Moleta, R. (2018, September 8). Re: EBSCO’s importance in the academic journey.
[Electronic mailing list message] Retrieved from
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/FMfcgxvzKbPxcggTnsbdmqdpJlxnBQrL

BLOG POST-*If the author’s full name is available, list the last name first followed by initials. If only
screen name is available, use the screen name.

PZ Myers. (2018, September 15). The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of

partitioning your mind [Web blog post]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com/
This sample was copied from APA (2010)

BLOG COMMENT

MiddleKid. (2018, September 15). Re: The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of
partitioning your mind [Web log comment]. Retrieved from
http://scienceblogs.com/ This sample was copied from APA (2010)

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VIDEO BLOG POST

Norton, R. (2018, September 15). The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of

partitioning your mind [Web log comment]. Retrieved from
http://scienceblogs.com/ This sample was copied from APA (2010)

TELEVISION BROADCAST
Regular- Listed by producer or director, broadcast date (year or specific broadcast date), program (italicized,
with sentence style capitalization), a descriptive phrase (in brackets), the city and state (or country) and the
network (spelled out) Includes other people’s contributions after the program title (in brackets), using brief
phrases (Narr.by, With, Written by—not italicized).
TELEVISON SHOW/ SERIES

Liabor, V. (Producer). (2018). The reseacher [Television series]. [With V. Liabor, D. Congreso, M.
Lonzon,
L. Lisondra, H. Moleta, R. Cruz, & Y. Ortiz]. Surigao City, Philippines: National Broadcasting.
INDIVIDUAL EPISODE

Liabor, M. (Producer). (2018, September 17). The methodology [Television series episode]. [With
V. Liabor, D. Congreso, M. Lonzon, L. Lisondra, H. Moleta, R. Cruz, & Y. Ortiz]. In The researcher.
Surigao City, Philippines: National Broadcasting.

Important Note: For journals and magazines in both print and online format, only the title of the source and
The volume numbers are italicized.
1. Where you are citing from more than one text, you can combine them together in a single in-text
citation, separated by a semi-colon and ordered alphabetically e.g. (Fry, 2009; Jacklin, 2009).
2. Sometimes authors publish a few studies in the same year. In this case use letters to differentiate, e.g.
Research clearly shows Z equals Y (Fry & Jacklin, 2009a; Fry & Jacklin, 2009b).

BASIC CITATION STYLES

References
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological

Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC : Author.

Perrin, R. (2012). Pocket guide to APA style (4th ed.). Australia : Wadsworth

2018. St. Paul University Surigao Libraries

Corner San Nicolas and Rizal Streets, Surigao City
Telephone no. (086) 826-4325 local 160
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