Workshop – Rectangular Patch Antenna

Introduction to ANSYS HFSS

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 Demo - Rectangular Patch Antenna Simulation
Principle : Design A micro-strip patch antenna for 5.2 GHz application and study s-parameter, Gain and field animations

Problem Statement : Micro-strip patch antenna of solution frequency F0 with FR4 Epoxy material as substrate.

Ansys HFSS is used for the simulation

• Find the value of return loss for a given frequency range. Why it is minimum at the designed frequency?

• Create the E-Field and J-Surface plots and Animate. Study the Fringing field effect of the antenna by using field
animations.

• Plot the Radiation pattern in 2D and 3D format and find the peak gain, Directivity , efficiency, and Half power beam
width of the antenna.

• Design a micro-strip patch antenna at 2.4 GHz with the same FR4 Epoxy substrate and calculate the parameters
mentioned above.

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 Analytical Approach- Design Equations
The Performance of the microstrip patch antenna depends on its resonant
frequency, dimension. Depending on the dimension, the operating frequency,
radiation efficiency, directivity, return loss are influenced. For an efficient
radiation, the practical width of the patch can be calculated by using the
following.

And the length (L) of the antenna becomes,

where

Where λ is the wave length, fr is the resonant frequency, L and W are the length and width of the patch element respectively and
εr is the dielectric constant.

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 Analytical Approach- Design Equations

Characteristic impedance of the patch can be found by

Impedance of transition section:

Width of Edge Feed

Width of transition line WT:

Length of the microstrip transmission line

Length of transition line: Length of Feed Line
Length of Edge Feed

Width of 50Ω microstrip transmission line:

Width of Feed Line

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Rectangular Patch Antenna Geometry

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 Creating the Design

•Opening a New Project

In HFSS Desktop, click the  On the Standard toolbar, or
select the menu item File > New.
From the Project menu, select Insert HFSS Design.

•Set Solution Type

Select the menu item HFSS > Solution Type
Choose Driven Terminal
Choose Network Analysis
Click the OK button

•Set Model Units

Select the menu item Modeler > Units
Select Units: mm
Click the OK button

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Substrate Creation

Box size

Attribute Option

Dielectric substrate material

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 Creating the Patch Geometry

Creating the patch

Patch

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Creating the Ground Geometry

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Creating the Feed Line

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Creating the Edge Feed

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Uniting the Patch, Feed line and Edge feed

Select Patch, Feed and Edge feed

Note: The resulting united object name will depend on the order selected
(i.e. if patch is selected first, the final name will be patch)

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Assigning Boundary Conditions: Perfect E
Select the objects named: patch (or feed), ground

Note: Your object names may differ depending on the order they
were selected in the previous unite operation. Select the object feed
or patch

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Create Air Box

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Assigning Boundary Condition -Radiation

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 Excitations
Port Definitions
• Wave Port
– Represents 2D Cross Section of a transmission line
– Can handle multiple modes or terminals
– Defined on planar surface or face
– Must encompass all fields that impact transmission line behavior
– Computes these TL quantities
• Characteristic Impedance
• Propagation Constant
• Field Configurations
– Simulation Setup: Driven Modal, Driven Terminal

• Lumped Port
– Represents a voltage source placed between conductors
– Can only handle a single TEM mode or terminal
– Defined on planar surface or face
– Must be placed between conductor
– User must specify Characteristic Impedance
– Simulation Setup: Driven Modal, Driven Terminal

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 Port Setup
Create Rectangle Used for Lumped Port
Set the Drawing Grid Plane
Select the menu item Modeler > Grid Plane > ZX

Dimensions of Lumped port

Port Name: 1
Conductor: ground
Use as Reference:
 Checked
Highlight Selected
conductors:  Checked
Click the OK button

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 Analysis Setup

Adaptive Frequency

Note : -
The Solution Frequency sets:
• The frequency used to create the adaptive mesh.
– Defines the spatial resolution of the mesh through the
Lambda Refinement step
– Lambda Refinement is wavelength dependant.
• Determines the frequency used to evaluate the mesh’s
Basis Order
convergence.
Iterative Solver
• Typically choose the highest frequency of interest or for
resonant antennas, the resonant frequency

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 Analysis Setup

Add Sweep
• Adding a Frequency Sweep

• HFSS – Frequency Sweep Type: Overview

– Discrete – Solves using adaptive mesh at every frequency

• Matrix Data and Fields at every frequency in sweep

– Fast - ALPS

• Matrix Data and Fields at every frequency in sweep

– Interpolating – Adaptively determines discrete solve

points using the adaptive mesh

• Matrix Data at every frequency in sweeps

• Fields at last adaptive solution

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 Analyze

• Model Validation
– Select the menu item HFSS > Validation Check
Validate
• Click the Close button Analyze All

– Note: To view any errors or warning messages, use the Message Manager.

• Analyze
– Select the menu item HFSS > Analyze All

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 Post Processing: 2D Rectangular Plot, S-Parameters

Generate the Report

Minimum Return loss at 5.2GHz

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Post Processing Field Overlay, E-Field
Right Click Select the Face

Generate the Report

Fringing field

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 Post Processing: 3D Radiation Pattern, Gain

Create a Radiation Setup

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Post Processing: 2D Radiation Pattern, Gain
For selecting E-Plane and H-Plane pattern

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THANK YOU

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