ELECTRIC WELDING

BY:

NAME : I MADE YOGA ALIT DHARMAWAN

NIM : 1715213064

CLASS : 3D MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGENEERING DEPARTEMENT

BALI STATE POLITECHNIC

2018
 PREFACE

Thank to Almighty God who has given His bless to the writer for finishing the English paper
assignment entitled “Electric Welding”.

The writer also wishes to express his deep and sincere gratitude for those who have guided in
completing this paper. This English paper contains the definition of welding especially
electric welding and the method of electric welding and also the equipment for doing electric
welding.

This assignment is the one of English task that composed of electric welding. I realized this
assignment is not perfect. But I hope it can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here to
make this assignment be better.

Hopefully we as a student in “Bali State Politechnic” can work more professional by using
welding. Thank you.
 CONTENTS

Cover ......................................................................................................................................i

Preface....................................................................................................................................ii

Contents .................................................................................................................................iii

BAB I .....................................................................................................................................1

Background ............................................................................................................................1

Formulation of problems........................................................................................................1

The Aim .................................................................................................................................2

The Advantage .......................................................................................................................2

BAB II....................................................................................................................................3

The Definition of Welding .....................................................................................................3

The Definition of Electric Welding .......................................................................................5

The Equipment of Electric Welding ......................................................................................5

The Methods of Electric Welding ..........................................................................................9

BAB III ..................................................................................................................................10

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................10

Suggestion .............................................................................................................................10

Bibliography ..........................................................................................................................11
 BAB I

A. BACKGROUND

The development of the times accompanied by the rapid development of science and
technology today creates an era of globalization and openness that requires every individual
to participate in it, so that human resources must master science and technology and be able
to apply it in every life. Welding is an integral part from the growth of industrial
improvement because it plays a leading role in the engineering and repair of metal
production. The construction of a factory without involving welding elements is impossible.
In today's industrialization era welding techniques have been widely used in connecting rods
in steel building construction and machine construction.

The extent of the use of this technology is due to buildings and machines made by connecting
techniques to be lighter and simpler in the manufacturing process. The scope of the use of
welding techniques in the construction field is very broad, including shipping, bridges, steel
frames, and pipelines and so on. The welding process can also be used for repairs, for
example to fill holes in castings, make hard layers on tools, strengthen worn parts etc. The
welding is not the main purpose of construction, but is a means to achieve better
manufacturing Because the weld design must really pay attention to the compatibility
between the properties of welding, namely the strength of the connection and pay attention to
the connection to be welded, so that the results of welding are as expected. In choosing the
welding process must be focused on the process that is most suitable for each - any welded
joints on the con In this case the basis is high efficiency, low cost, energy savings and energy
savings as far as possible. The quality of welding is dependent on the workmanship of the
weld itself and also depends on the preparation before the welding, because welding is the
connection between two or more metal parts using heat energy.

B. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

Based on the background, we can formulate the problems as follows:
1. What is welding?
2. What is electric welding?
3. What equipment is needed when doing electric welding?
4. How are the steps to work on electric welding?
C. THE AIM
The aim of making this paper is:
1. Completing English assignments given by the lecturer
2. Get to know and be able to understand electric welding machines.
3. To find out the equipment used in electric welding
4. To find out good and correct electric welding techniques
D. ADVANTAGE
The advantage of making this paper is:
1. Creating students who have skills in welding work especially electric welding.
2. Students are able to apply welding practices in everyday life.
3. Students can find out good welding methods.
4. Students know the equipment for doing electric welding.
 BAB II

A. WELDING
Welding is the process of permanently connecting two materials by liquefying both
materials to be joined and followed by fill material. The types of processes and types of
welding that is:
 Based on Electricity
a) SMAW (Shield Metal Arch Welding) is an electric arc welding shielded by
using an electric arc as a source of metal melting heat. This type is most
widely used everywhere for almost all purposes of welding work. The voltage
used is only 23 to 45 Volts AC or DC, while for melting welding requires a
current of up to 500 Ampere. But in general that is used ranges from 80 - 200
Ampere
b) SAW (Submerged Arch Welding) is immersed arc welding or welding with an
electric arc. To prevent oxidation of the parent metal and additional material,
granules of the flux / slag are used so that the arc turns on in the flux sizes.
c) ESW (Electro Slag Welding) is a stop arc welding, a welding type of SAW but
the difference is in the type of ESW the arc ignites the flux, the arc stops and
the process of melting the fluk goes on and becomes a conductive conductor.
So that the electrode is connected to the object being welded through the
conductor. The heat generated from the resistance to the electric current
through the liquid fluk / slag is high enough to melt the welding additives and
the parent material which is welded reaches 3500 ° F, equivalent to 1925 ° C
d) SW (Welding Stud) is a foundation bolt weld, the point is to connect one part
of steel construction to the part contained in the concrete (armature bolt) or
"Shear Connector"
e) ERW (Electric Resistant Welding) is an electric resistance welding that is
with a large amount of heat produced by the electricity flow so that it melts the
metal to be welded. Examples are in the manufacture of ERW pipes, welding
plates of aircraft walls, or on wire fences
f) EBW (Electron Beam Welding) is a weld with an electron bombing process, a
welding of disbursement money caused by heat generated from a beam of
electron jumps which is obtained and directed at the object to be welded. This
 welding is carried out in a vacuum, thus removing the possibility of oxidation
or contamination
 Based on Electricity and Gas Heat
a) GMAW (Gas Metal Arch Welding) consists of; MIG (Metal Active Gas) and
MAG (Metal Inert Gas) are welding with the flame gas produced from an
electric arc, which is used as welded metal melting and metal enhancers. As a
protective oxidation used protective gas in the form of eternal gas (inert) or
CO2. MIG is used to weld iron or steel, while the protective gas is using
Carbon Dioxide CO2. TIG is used to weld non-ferrous metals and protective
gases using Helium (He) and / or Argon (Ar)
b) GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arch Welding) or TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) is welding
using a arc with tungsten / electrodes made of tungsten, while the enhancing
material is used with the same or similar material as the parent material. To
prevent oxidation, 99% Argon (Ar) pure eternal gas is used
c) FCAW (Flux Cored Arch Welding) is essentially the same as the GMAW
welding process. Gas shields also use Carbon Dioxide CO2 together. Usually,
the FCAW welding machine plus a robot that is responsible for running
welding is commonly called super anemo
d) PAW (Plasma Arch Welding) is an electric welding with plasma similar to
GTAW only in this process protective gas uses a mixture of Argon (Ar),
Nitrogen (N) and Hydrogen (H) materials commonly referred to as plasma.
Plasma is a luminous gas with a current-carrying degree and a high thermal /
thermal capacity that can hold temperatures above 5000 ° C
 Based on the heat generated by the gas mixture
a) OAW (Oxigen Acetylene Welding) is a type of carbide / otogen weld. The
heat obtained from the combustion of acetylene (C2H2) gas with acid or
oxygen (O2). There is also this type of weld and uses propane gas (C3H8)
instead of acetylene. There are also those who use heating material consisting
of a mixture of hydrogen gas (H) and acid (O2) which is OHW (Oxy
Hydrogen Welding)
B. ELECTRIC WELDING
The definition of electric welding or electric arc welding is one way to connect metal
by using an electric arc that is directed to the metal surface to be connected. In the part
affected by the electric arc it will melt, as well as the electrodes that produce an electric
arc will melt at the ends and propagate continuously until it runs out.
Definition of welding is a process of connecting metals where metals become one due
to heat with or without pressure, or can be defined as a result of metallurgy caused by the
attraction between atoms. Before the atom- atom forms a bond, the surface that will
become one need to be free of absorbed gas or oxides.
Electric welding is a welding technique using current arcs and webbed electrodes.
Other types of welding with electric arc are Submerged Welding Arc SAW, Gas metal arc
Welding GMAW-MIG, Tungsten Gas G Welding Arc and plasma arc. In this electric
welding there is a blank gas when the electrode is melted, so that in this process no inert
pressure is needed to expel oxygen or air which can cause corrosion or bubbles in the
weld.
Liquid metal from the electrode and from some of the objects to be connected are
mixed and fill the gap of the two metals that will be joined, then freeze and connect the
two metals.
In arc welding, the connection occurs by heat generated by an electric arc that occurs
between the workpiece and the electrode. The electrode or filler metal is heated until it
melts and is deposited on the connection so that a weld joint occurs.
Electric welding machine a welding machine is a source of energy that gives the type
of electricity needed as well as enough voltage to continue to carry out a welding electric
arc.
An electric arc welding machine can conduct a large enough electric current but with
a safe voltage (less than 45 volts). The electric arc that occurs will cause a high enough
heat energy so that it will easily melt the affected metal. The amount of electric current
can be adjusted according to the needs with regard to the size and type of the electrode.

C. THE EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRIC WELDING

1. Electric machine : The welding machine is a power source that gives the type of
electric power needed and enough voltage to continue to conduct a welding electric
arc.
2. ELETRODE CABLE : The welding cable is used to supply electric current and a
power source to the welding machine or from the electrical machine to the electrode
and mass
MASSA CABLE: The mass cable that connects the welding plane with the workpiece.

3. VOLTAGE CABLE: Voltage cable is a cable that connects a power source or an

electrical network with a welding plane.
4. MASS CLAMP: This is a tool for connecting a period cable to a workpiece.

5. ELECTRODE: Electrodes used in arc welding have different composition of

membrane and core wire. Among them are webbed electrodes.

6. WELDING TABLE: Used to put work pieces during the welding process.
7. HAMMER SLAG: This hammer is used to remove and remove the welding slag on the
weld path by striking or scraping on the weld area

8. WIRE BRUSH: Wire brushes are used for Clean the workpiece to be welded and
clean the welding slag that has been removed from the welding path by a welding
hammer

9. CLAMP PLIERS: This is used to hold or move workpieces that are still hot after
evasion.

10. HELM,CLOTHES,GLOVES AND SHOES FOR SAFETY: This equipment for safe
your body from dangerous things.
D. THE METHODS OF ELECTRIC WELDING
1. Make sure all equipment and workpieces are ready for use
2. Connect the voltage cable to the electrical current and turn on the welding machine
3. Attach the electrode to the electrode clamp and the mass clamp is placed on the
welding table
4. then adjust the current used according to the thickness of the plate and the type of
electrode we use
5. after that take the plate and the plate is given a line so that the welding becomes
straight
6. put the plate on the work table
7. Then set aside a comfortable body to be able to do welding properly
8. Perform the welding process starting with following the lines that have been made on
the plate in the desired welding method, preferably when the welding process is
electrode is rotated around the plate
9. After welding, the weld must be hit to remove the slag left on the plate
10. Then use a brush so that the work looks clean
11. After the work is complete, clean all work equipment and then return to the original
position
 BAB III

A. CONCLUSION
Welding (welding) is the process of connecting two materials permanently
with caramencairkan both materials that will be connected and followed by filling
material.
Electric arc welding or generally called electric welding including a process of
connecting metals using electric power as a heat source. So the heat pump in electric
welding is generated by an electric arc, between the welding electrode and the
workpiece.
In addition to making inter-metal joints, the welding process can also be used
for mass repairs to fill holes in castings. Make the weld layer on the tool thicken worn
parts and other types of repairs

B. SUGESTION
The suggestions that can be given to the readers of this paper are as follows:
1. In making papers, it takes hard work in finding various references so that the
papers are made better.
2. Learn the papers that have been made, so they can add more insight
 Bibliography

https://www.scribd.com/doc/242803735/TUGAS-MAKALAH-PENGELASAN
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http://saiyungcity.blogspot.com/2013/09/makalah-praktek-kerja-las.html , accessed on
Sunday, 4th November 2018

https://www.scribd.com/doc/29702957/Makalah-Las-Listrik-Gas , accessed on Sunday, 4th

November 2018

http://hpmp-pepandungan.blogspot.com/2017/05/contoh-makalah-mesin-las.html , accessed
on Sunday 4th November 2018