A Bibliography of The Concept Öffentlichkeit PDF

A Bibliography of the Concept Öffentlichkeit
Author(s): Arthur Strum

Source: New German Critique, No. 61, Special Issue on Niklas Luhmann (Winter, 1994), pp. 161
-202
Published by: New German Critique
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A Bibliographyof the ConceptOffentlichkeit*
ArthurStrum
A bibliographyof the concept, Offentlichkeit- a term which can be

translatedas publicness, the public, publicity or, as is most common, the
public sphere1- is necessarily eclectic: its function is to bring together
work which defines and challengesthe bordersof the concept, and to doc-
ument its broad and varied use. This means that articles or books which
are constitutive of the way we think about the concept in any particular
discipline or community stand side-by-side with work which may have
primarilysymptomaticsignificance.EdgarGiinther'sSchule, Familie und
Offentlichkeitin der UdSSR2 may not offer new insights into the nature
* This bibliography is also a bibliographyof two terms with distinct histories.

Offentlichkeithas a long conceptualhistory in the Germanlanguage;JiirgenHabermas's
appropriationof the term has refocusedattentionon it, while also powerfully shaping its
subsequentreceptionand use. The currentinterestin the English term 'public sphere,' on
the other hand, can be tracedprimarilyto Habermas.The enormousamountof work done
on the public spherein many differentfields since the publicationof the English translation
(see footnote 4) of Strukturwandel der Offentlichkeit(Neuwied:Luchterhand,1962) is evi-
dence of this influence.InfluentialEnglish-speakingtheoristsandcriticsof 'the public,' such
as JohnDewey and WalterLippmann,have not shapedthis debateas Habermas'book has.
1. As MiriamHansenpoints out, the Germanterm Offentlichkeitrefers not only to
the social space implied by the English phrase 'public sphere,' but to "an ideationalsub-
stance or criterion- 'glasnost' or openness (which has the same root in German,'offen')
- that is producedboth within these sites and in larger,deterritorializedcontexts." See
Hansen, Foreword,Public Sphere and Experience: Towardan Analysis of the Bourgeois
and Proletarian Public Sphere by OskarNegt and Alexander Kluge (Minneapolis:U of
Minnesota P, 1993) ix. See also: Peter Labanyi, Trans. Note, "The Public Sphere and
Experience:Selections,"by OskarNegt and AlexanderKluge, October46 (Fall 1988): 60,
and Peter Uwe Hohendahl,"JiirgenHabermas:the Public Sphere,"New GermanCritique
3 (Fall 1974): 45.
2. Edgar Giinther,Schule, Familie und Offentlichkeitin der UdSSR(Berlin: Volk
und Wissen, 1974).
161
162 A Bibliographyof the ConceptOffentlichkeit
of public or counter-publicspheres today, but it may reveal something

aboutthe use of the conceptOffentlichkeitunderstate socialism. Yet there
is no work which is not symptomaticof somethingelse, and no apparently
symptomaticwork which has no immanentvalidity.To neatly separatethe
symptom under analysis from the principlebroughtto bear on it presup-
poses the validity of the latter,insteadof establishingit. The conceptualor
practical foundation for work within any particulardiscipline or field
often belongs to backgroundassumptionswhich function as a kind of
naturein that domain.But these presuppositionsare not always different:
even apparentlyheated interdisciplinarydisputes sometimes rest upon
common structuringassumptionswhich provide the ground for the dis-
agreement.
This phenomenon is what makes a bibliography on the concepts
Offentlichkeitand public sphere interesting:in bringing together work
employing radically different theoretical languages, and constituted by
sometimes sharplydivergentstructuringpresuppositions,an interdiscipli-
narybibliographyforces the student,or historian,or theoristof Offentlich-
keit to account for his or her reliance on familiar concepts and
presuppositions.The literarytheoristmay deride the historian's inatten-
tion to textual detail; the historianmay find herself exasperated at the
former's apparentinabilityto clearly define his terms. But this encounter
can also become fruitful, if abstractnegation - the discipline speaking
throughthe agent- is put aside in favorof a readinessto experiencecon-
ceptual estrangement.Implicit in an interdisciplinarybibliography is a
critique of the idea of foundationalknowledge: if philosophy, or any of
the currentpretenders,were still queen of the sciences, then there would
be no need to subjectthe conventionaluse of a conceptwithin a particular
field to the test of a differentdiscursive community'sconception of the
term. In a context where no disciplinecan any longer claim to be founda-
tional, the disciplines also find it difficultto enforce claims of sovereignty
over domains of analysis which are increasinglycontested. In this situa-
tion, intellectuals can do one of two things: they can defend the sover-
eignty of particulardisciplines and discourses, or they can attemptto to
take up positions as translatorsand interpretersbetween different disci-
plines, traditions, and communities.3To do the former implies, at best,
that one accepts the validity claims of one's own discipline, or social
community, or the academic enterpriseas a whole - an attitudewhich
3. See ZygmuntBauman,Legislatorsand Interpreters(Oxford:Polity, 1987).

ArthurStrum 163
transformsthe contingency of one's social and disciplinarylocation into

necessity. At worst, this defense of disciplinaryboundariessignifies that
one has relinquishedevery intersubjectiveclaim: one is satisfied with a
strategic struggle against competing, equally particularistsubsystems of
knowledge. The alternativeis to practicean anthropologywhere the out-
sider is not explained only in the idiom of the respective insider, but
where the insider establishes a hermeneuticrelationto the vocabularyof
the outsider.Turningthe productionof knowledgetowardscritical instead
of affirmativeends dependsupon this - not on the emergence of a new,
criticalmaster-theory.
A bibliographyof a concept like Offentlichkeitshows that even within
the walls of science, which were once assumedto bracketout the commit-
ments and exigencies of economy, society and personality,an apparently
public use of reason does not lead to consensusupon what might be theo-
retically necessary in the scholarly interest, to say nothing of what "is
practically necessary in the general interest."4Instead, we have what
AlexanderKluge calls (in a differentcontext) a "universalprovincialism"
of loudly competing but mutually incomprehensibledisciplinary public
spheres, each with its own practical presuppositions and theoreti-
cal-methodological languages. This may not be the result of too much
"private"identity creeping into the public realm, however, but too little.
To apply Kant's counter-intuitiveterms to the case at hand, the private,
occupational use of reason may predominateover a public one which
emerges out of the private realm5: scholars think too much from the
standpoint of disciplinary identity, rather than potentially accessible
non-identities.It is interestingthat the same movements which are most'
4. Habermas, Jiirgen. The Structural Transformationof the Public Sphere: An

Inquiryinto a Categoryof BourgeoisSociety (1962) Trans.ThomasBurgerwith Frederick
Lawrence (Cambridge:MIT Press, 1989) 276.
5. ImmanuelKant,"An Answerto the Question,'Whatis Enlightenment?',"Kant:
Political Writings,2nd, enlarged ed. Ed. Hans Reiss. trans. H. B. Nisbet (Cambridge:
Cambridge, 1991) 55. This famous and apparentlyconservativeessay on the function of
Offentlichkeitis also a thinly disguised attackon merely positive authority.Kant argues
that the scholar uses his reason publicly when he addressesthe readingpublic in the 'pri-
vate' realm, privately when he makes use of it "in a particularcivil post or office with
which he is entrusted"- including,ostensibly,thatof professor.Even as Kant arguesthat
the private use of reason may be narrowlyrestricted,he hollows out the legitimacy of a
'public' authoritybased on dominationby associating it with merely private, heterono-
mous reason. For the public use of reason involves obeying only laws which reason gives
to itself, while the privateuse of reason involves subordinatingreason to imperatives of
efficiency and order.Kant'slimited endorsementof the latterrings hollow.
often blamed for fragmentingthe universitypublic, as well as the political

public sphere at large, often also embodythe strongesteffort to overcome
the "universalprovincialism"characteristicof the academic disciplines
- or rather,of every institutionin a functionallydifferentiatedsociety. In
particular,the interdisciplinaryfeminist contributionsto the discussion
about Offentlichkeitdocumentedhere illustratethis development:a new
theoretical-practicallanguage is emerging out of this debate, partly
because the discussion is necessarilyinterdisciplinary,and partlybecause
the participants,insteadof bracketingout "private"experience from their
reasoning within the official "public"spheres of the institutions, make
this experience theoretically productive. This Offentlichkeitsarbeit-
work on publicness- is Kantianin spirit,if not exactly in letter:a critical
reason emerging out of "private"experiencechallengeswhat are revealed
as alreadyprivatizedpublics of stateand society. The best resultwould be
a de-naturalizationof disciplinaryconventions,and the constructionof an
interdisciplinarycritical space - organizationalOffentlichkeit,public-
nesss - within the institutionitself.
The concept of Offentlichkeithas an immanentrelation to the idea of
bibliography.The best way to learnto thinkaboutsomethingis not neces-
sarily to read everything ever written about it, but trying to prevent the
reificationof lines of researchinto unrelatedsub-systemsof knowledge is
a conditionof possibility for producingknowledgewhich is not "detached
from the orientationsand attitudes"6of its potentialpublic. The explosion
of new work on political culturein English which is directly or indirectly
related to the translation in 1989 of Habermas' Strukturwandelder
Offentlichkeitcan be taken as evidence either of that project's continued
politicalpromise,or its bureaucratic routinization.Thereis no transcendent
vantagepoint from which this can be decidedfor certain.Habermaswrote
in 1962 that his investigation's"particularapproachis required... by the
difficultiesspecific to an objectwhose complexityprecludesexclusive reli-
ance on the specializedmethodsof a single discipline."7This bibliography
on the concept Offentlichkeit has been gatheredwith this in mind.
The entrieshave been dividedinto a numberof categories,which do not
reflect necessary divisions of the concept Offentlichkeit,but clusters of
past or currentresearch.Few of these studiescan be confined to one cate-
6. This phraseis borrowedfromJiirgenHabermas,ThePhilosophical Discourse of

Modernity(Cambridge:MIT Press, 1987) 364.
7. Habermas,StructuralTransformation xvii.
ArthurStrum 165
gory: assuming that most could be listed undermany differentrubrics,I

have, in the interestof brevity,cross-listedas few as possible. The excep-
tion is the listing of works orientedby considerationsof gender,sexuality,
race and ethnicity,or class.8 Most of these are also listed under different
categories, reflecting in many cases the disciplinary locations of their
respective authors.The boundariesbetween the othercategories are fluid.
Works with a predominantlyhistorical,as opposed to theoreticalor cul-
turalfocus, are located underthe categoriesof social and political history;
within these categories, each reference is cited only once, in the most
recent century to which it is applicable.Works dealing principally with
the concept of Offentlichkeithave been groupedunderthe category "The-
orizing Offentlichkeit,"while references with a more empirical, or in
some cases practical, orientationhave been grouped under the rubric,
"Law, Politics, and Education."Worksdealing with Offentlichkeitfrom
the standpointof communicationstheory or history are grouped under
"History and Theory of the Media."I have omitted studies of the treat-
ment of particularissues in the media, partly because of their immense
number,but also because in much of this work, Offentlichkeitis a frame
ratherthan a subject. Attemptsto apply the category Offentlichkeit- a
concept used to describe a particularhistoricalformationand its qualities
- to the rest of the world are included under "Non-EuropeanPublic
Spheres."The descriptiveinformationgiven in squarebracketsafter some
entriesis not meantto summarizethe respectivework, but to explain why
it belongs in this bibliography.Finally, due to limitations of space, only
English editions of translatedworks have been cited.
8. These referencesare groupedtogetherbecause much of this work reflects upon

more than one of these dimensionsof social experience,not because the approachestaken
are not distinct.
I. Some Recent Collectionsof Essays on Offentlichkeit

II. Reference
III. Theorizing Offentlichkeit:Political and Social Theory,Philosophy,
Anthropology,Ethnology,Sociology, Psychology, Theology
IV. Social and Political History:
A. pre-18th-Century
B. 18th-Century
C. 19th-Century
D. 20th-Century
V. Law, Politics, and Education
VI. History or Theoryof the News Media
VII. History of Culture
VIII. Theory of Culture
IX. Gender,Sexuality,Race and Ethnicity,or Class
X. Non-European Public Spheres
I. Some Recent Collections of Essays on Offentlichkeit

Hirschfeld, Dieter, and BernhardDebatin, eds. Antinomiender Offentlich-
keit: Textezum Streit iiber die Selbstthematisierungder Gesellschaft. Hamburg:
Argument,1989.
Dahlgren,Peter,and Colin Sparks,eds. Communication and Citizenship:Jour-
nalismand thePublicSpherein theNewMediaAge. London:Routledge,1991.
Calhoun,Craig, ed. Habermasand the Public Sphere.Studies in Contempo-
rary German social thought. Cambridge:MIT Press, 1992. [contributionsalso
listed separately]
Mitchell, W.J.T.,ed. Art and the Public Sphere.Chicago:University of Chi-
cago Press, 1992.
Gruppe Feministische Offentlichkeit, eds. Femina Publica: Frauen,
Offentlichkeit,Feminismus.Koln: PapyRossa,1992.
Robbins, Bruce, ed. ThePhantomPublic Sphere.Minneapolis:University of
MinnesotaPress, 1993. [contributionsalso listed separately]
Burt,Richard,ed. TheAdministration ofAesthetics:Censorship,Political Crit-
icism, and the Public Sphere.Minneapolis:Universityof MinnesotaPress, 1994.
II. Reference
Holster,Lucian."Offentlichkeit."
GeschichtlicheGrundbegriffe.Historisches
Lexikonzurpolitisch-sozialenSprachein Deutschland.Vol. IV: 413-67. Eds. Otto
Brunner,ReinhardKoselleckandWernerConze. Stuttgart:1978.
Habermas,Jiirgen.The StructuralTransformationof the Public Sphere:An
Arthur Strum 167
Inquiryinto a Categoryof Bourgeois Society (1962). Trans.Thomas Burgerwith

FrederickLawrence.Cambridge:MIT Press, 1989. [includesextensive bibliogra-
phy of older literaturenot cited here]
III. Theorizing the Public Sphere: Political and Social Theory, Phi-
losophy, Anthropology, Ethnology, Sociology, Psychology, Theology
Strigl, RichardA. Das FunktionsverhiltniszwischenkirchlicherStrafgewalt
und Offentlichkeit.Miinchen:M. Hueber,1965.
Hammerlein,Hans.Offentlichkeit und Verwaltung. G6ttingen:Schwartz,1966.
Scheid,Werner.PsychiatrieundOffentlichkeit. Krefeld:ScherpeVerlag,1967.
Comehl, Peter,and Hans-Eckehard Bahr,eds. Gottesdienstund Offentlichkeit:
Zur TheorieundDidaktikneuerKommunikation. Hamburg:FurcheVerlag, 1970.
Dorsch, Petra, and Wolfgang Langenbucher.StddtischeOffentlichkeit:Ver-
fall oder Entfaltung.Miinchen:H. Richardi,1970.
Habermas, Jiirgen. "The Scientization of Politics and Public Opinion."
Towarda Rational Society. Boston: Beacon Press, 1970. 62-80.
Luhmann, Niklas. "Offentliche Meinung." Politische Vierteljahresschrift
11.1 (1970): 2-28. [on public opinion from standpointof systems theory]
Mey, Harald."Soziales VerhaltenZwischen Herrschaft,Macht und Offentli-
chkeit: Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der Rollen und Ihrer Normen." Soziale Welt
21-22 (1970): 18-32.
Luhmann,Niklas. Soziologische Aufkldrung.2nd ed. Koln: Westdeutscher
Verlag, 1971. [includes critique of idea of consensus in Habermas"theoryof
Offentlichkeit]
Stuck, Heiner. "Zur Kritik der Technokratie-Diskussion.Grenzen der
RekonstruktiondemokratischerOffentlichkeit im Spatkapitalismus."Spekula-
tionen uber die Zukunft.Eds. J. Meynaud,et al. Miinchen:Rogner & Bernhard,
1971. 199-245.
Kirtner,Georg. Wissenschaft und Offentlichkeit:
die gesellschaftlicheKontrolle
der Wissenschaft als Kommunikationsproblem. G6ppingen:A. Kiimmerle,1972.
Habermas,Jiirgen. Theoryand Practice. Trans.Viertel, John. Boston: Bea-
con Press, 1973.
Huber,Wolfgang.Kirche und Offentlichkeit.Forschungen und Berichte der
Evangelischen Studiengemeinschaft.Stuttgart:E. Klett, 1973.
Jager, Wolfgang. Offentlichkeitund Parlamentarismus.Eine Kritik an Jiir-
gen Habermas. Stuttgart:W. Kohlhammer,1973.
Negt, Oskar."BiirgerlicheundProletarischeOffentlichkeit.Zu dem Buch von
OskarNegt und AlexanderKluge."AsthetikundKommunikation12 (1973): 6-27.
Habermas, Jiirgen. "The Public Sphere: an Encyclopedia Article (1964)."
New GermanCritique3 (Fall 1974): 49-55.
Hohendahl,PeterUwe. "JiirgenHabermas:the Public Sphere."New German
168 A Bibliography of the Concept Offentlichkeit
Critique3 (Fall 1974): 45-48.

Rosaldo, Michelle. "Women, Culture, and Society: A Theoretical Over-
view." Woman,Culture,and Society.Eds. M. Z. Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere.
Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1974. 17-42. [on association of
women with privatespaces and domestic functions]
Dunckelmann,Henning. Lokale Offentlichkeit:eine gemeindesoziologische
Untersuchung.Stuttgart:W. Kohlhammer,1975.
Habermas,Jiirgen.LegitimationCrisis. Trans.McCarthy,Thomas. Boston:
Beacon Press, 1975.
Pocock, J. G. A. The MachiavellianMoment:Florentine Political Thought
and the Atlantic Republican Tradition.Princeton:Princeton University Press,
1975. [on modem republicanismand the distinctionbetween public and private]
Habermas, Jiirgen. Communicationand the Evolution of Society. Trans.
McCarthy,Thomas. Boston: Beacon Press, 1976.
Apel, Hartmut,and JoachimHeidom."Subjektivitiit und Offentlichkeit.Kritik
dertheoretischenPositionenOskarNegts."Prokla29 (1977):3-37.
Briickner,Peter,et al. "Perspectiveson the Public Sphere:A Discussion with
Peter Briickner,WilfriedGottschalch,EberhardKn6dler-Bunte,Olav Miinzberg,
and OskarNegt." New GermanCritique11 (Spring 1977): 39-48.
Crumbach, Karl-Heinz. Theologie in kritischer Offentlichkeit:die Frage
Kants an der kirchlichentffentlichkeit. Miinchen:Kaiser, 1977.
Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth. Offentlichkeit als Bedrohung: Beitrag zur
empirischenKommunikationsforschung. Freiburg:Alber, 1977.
Habermas,Jiirgen."Wahrheitstheorien." PolitischeLegitimitdt.Eds. Wolfgang
FachandUlrichDegen. Frankfurt am Main:CampusVerlag,1978.
Negt, Oskar, and Alexander Kluge. "ProletarischeOffentlichkeit."Poli-
tische Legitimitdt.Eds. Wolfgang Fach and Ulrich Degen. Frankfurtam Main:
CampusVerlag, 1978.
Scherer, Joachim. Verwaltungund Offentlichkeit.Baden-Baden: Nomos-
Verlagsgesellschaft,1978.
Sennett,Richard.TheFall of Public Man: On the Social Psychology of Cap-
italism. New York:Vintage, 1978.
Oberreuter,Heinrich."Parlamentund Offentlichkeit."Politik und Kommuni-
kation. Uber die 6ffentliche Meinungsbildung. Ed. W. R. Langenbucher.
Miinchen:Piper, 1979. 62-78.
Scheidges, Riidiger."ThePublic Spherein Society: a ComparativeAnalysis
of John Dewey's and JiirgenHabermas'Concept of the Public."M.F.A. Thesis.
University of Iowa, 1979.
Beisenherz, H. Gerhard."Das Defizit der reprasentativenOffentlichkeitbei
J. Habermas."Legitimation durch Vertrauen.Eine Untersuchungzum Wandel
der Legitimation im fortgeschrittenenKapitalismus.Ed. Beisenherz. Marburg:
Guttandinand Hoppe, 1980. 252-62.
Arthur Strum 169
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. Public Man, Private Woman:Womenin Social and

Political Thought.Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress, 1981.
Habermas,Jiirgen. The Theoryof CommunicativeAction, vol. 2. Lifeworld
and System:A Critiqueof FunctionalistReason. Trans.McCarthy,Thomas.Bos-
ton: Beacon Press, 1981.
Kemp, Ray V., and Philip N. Cook. "Repoliticizingthe 'Public Sphere': a
Reconsiderationof Habermas."Social Praxis 8 (1981): 125-42.
Negt, Oskar,and AlexanderKluge. GeschichteundEigensinn. Frankfurtam
Main:Zweitausendeins,1981.
Pitkin, Hannah."Justice:On Relating Privateand Public."Political Theory
9.3 (1981): 327-52.
Arendt,Hannah.Lectureson Kant'sPolitical Philosophy.Chicago:University
of ChicagoPress, 1982. [on publicnessas centralcategoryof politicalphilosophy]
Biichele, Herwig. Politik wider die Liige: Ethik der Jffentlichkeit.Wien:
Europaverlag,1982.
Elliott, P. "Intellectuals,the InformationSociety and the Disappearanceof
the Public Sphere."Media, Culture& Society 4 (1982): 243-253.
Sullivan, William. ReconstructingPublic Philosophy. Berkeley: University
of CaliforniaPress, 1982.
Krygier, Martin. "Publicness,Privateness,and Primitive Law."Public and
Private in Social Life. Eds. S. I. Benn and G. F. Gaus. New York: St. Martin's
Press, 1983.
Keane, John.Public Life and Late Capitalism:Towardsa Socialist Theoryof
Democracy. Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress, 1984.
McIntosh,Mary."TheFamily,Regulation,and the Public Sphere."State and
Society in ContemporaryBritain: a Critical Introduction.Eds. Gregor McLen-
nan, David Held and StuartHall. New York:Polity Press, 1984. 204-40.
Rust,Holger.Die ZukunfiderMediengesellschaft. Berlin:V. Spie3, 1984.
Siltanen,Janet, and Michelle eds.
Stanworth, Women and the Public Sphere:
a Critiqueof Sociology and Politics. New York:St. Martin'sPress, 1984.
Gottdiener,Mark,TheSocial Productionof UrbanSpace. Austin:University
of Texas Press, 1985. [on the appropriationof public space as the precondition
for political empowerment]
Hitzler, Ronald. "Und Adam versteckte sich. Privatheitund Offentlichkeit
als subjektive Erfahrung."Soziale Welt36.4 (1985): 503-18. [phenomenological
analysis of public and privateexperience]
McCarthy,Thomas. "Complexity and Democracy, or the Seducements of
Systems Theory."New GermanCritique35 (Spring/Summer1985): 27-55.
Rodger, J. J. "On the Degenerationof the Public Sphere."Political Studies
33 (October 1985): 203-17.
Young, T.R. "The Structureof DemocraticCommunications."MidAmerican
Review of Sociology 10 (Winter 1985): 55-76. [constitutionof "interactionrich"
public sphere as practicalsolutionto alienation]

Fraser,Nancy. "OnUses and Abuses of FrenchDiscourseTheoriesfor Femi-
nist Politics." boundary2 17 (Summer1986): 82-101. [on constitutionof identity
-contra Lacan- throughpost-Oedipaldiscursiveinteractionin public spheres]
Kohle-Hezinger,Christel."Religionals Protest:ZurDissoziation kirchlicher
und biirgerlicherOffentlichkeit."Zeitschriftifr Volkskunde82.1 (1986): 44-71.
Welz, Gisela. Raumelokaler Offentlichkeit:die Wiederbelebunghistorischer
Ortsmittelpiinkte.Frankfurt am Main: Institut fuir Kulturanthropologieund
EuropaischeEthnologie, 1986.
Habermas, Jiirgen. "The Normative Content of Modernity." Trans.
Lawrence, Frederick. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity. Cambridge,
Mass.: 1987. MIT Press: [discussionof systems theory,communicativerational-
ity and "autonomouspublic spheres"]
Manin, Bernard."On Legitimacyand Political Deliberation."Political The-
ory 15.2 (1987): 338-68.
Pateman, Carole. "Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private Dichotomy."
Feminism and Equality.Ed. Anne Phillips. Oxford:New York University Press,
1987. 103-26.
Schmidt, Siegfried, ed. Der Diskurs des radikalenKonstruktivismus.Frank-
furt am Main: Suhrkamp,1987.
Apel, Karl-Otto.Diskursund Verantwortung: das Problemdes Obergangszur
postkonventionellen Moral.Frankfurt am Main:Suhrkamp,1988.
Berardi, Gayle Kathleen. "Jiirgen Habermas' Conception of the Public
Sphere." Dissertation. University of Colorado at Boulder, 1988. [relation
between concepts of public sphereand communicativerationality]
Calhoun,Craig. "PopulistPolitics, CommunicationsMedia, and Large-Scale
Societal Integration."Sociological Theory6 (Fall 1988):219-41.
Cohen, Jean. "Discourse Ethics and Civil Society." Philosophy and Social
Criticism 14.3-4 (1988): 315-37.
Hoffmann, Michael. UncommonSense: zur Kritik von Offentlichkeitals
demokratischerIdol. Mainz:von Hase & Koehler, 1988.
Keane, John. "Rememberingthe Dead: Civil Society and the State from
Hobbes to Marx and Beyond." Democracy and Civil Society. Ed. John Keane.
New York:Verso, 1988.
Pateman, Carole. "The FraternalSocial Contract."Civil Society and the
State. Ed. John Keane. London:Verso, 1988. [on the structuringsignificance of
exclusion of women frompolitical public sphere]
Stamm, Karl-Heinz. Alternative Offentlichkeit:die Erfahrungsproduktion
neuer sozialer Bewegungen.Frankfurtam Main:Campus, 1988.
Steinninger, Siegfried. "Halb6ffentlichkeit."OsterreichischeZeitschriftfir
Soziologie 13 (1988): 30-37. [on importanceof new "semi-publics"]
Ackerman, Bruce. "Why Dialogue?" Journal of Philosophy 86 (January
Arthur Strum 171
1989): 5-22. [liberaltheoryof dialogue and social order]

Apel, Karl-Otto."NormativelyGrounding'CriticalTheory'throughRecourse
to the Lifeworld?A Transcendental-Pragmatic Attemptto Think with Habernas
against Habermas." Philosophical Interventionsin the Unfinished Project of
Enlightenment. Eds. A. Honneth,et al. Cambridge,Mass.: MITPress, 1989. 125-70.
Balakrishnan,Ramesh. "Journalismand the Public Sphere." Dissertation.
Stanford,1989. [political implicationsof 20th-Century"journalisticgaze"]
Cohen, Joshua. "Deliberationand DemocraticLegitimacy."The Good Pol-
ity. Eds. A. Hamlin and P. Pettit.Oxford:B. Blackwell, 1989. 12-24. [on system-
atic significance of public spherefor democracy]
Cohen, Jean, and Andrew Arato. Civil Society and Political Theory.Cam-
bridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989. [civil society andpublic sphere]
Curry-Jansen, Sue. Feminist Materialism: The Challenge to Dialogi-
cally-Based Theoriesof Democracy.ERIC, 1989. ED 311 521. [on feminist epis-
temology and reconstructingthe public sphere]
Dossa, Shiraz. ThePublic Realm and the Private Self: ThePolitical Theory
of Hannah Arendt. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilford Laurier University Press, 1989.
[includes discussion of the significanceof the public spherefor political thought]
Elberg, Christopher. Offentlichkeitsproblemeder katholischen Kirche
Frankreichs:eine TheoriekirchlicherOffentlichkeitangewandtvon Beispiel der
Geschichte katholischer Sekunddrschulgemeindenin Frankreich (1928-1975).
New York:P. Lang, 1989.
Fraser,Nancy. "What'sCriticalAbout CriticalTheory?The Case of Haber-
mas and Gender."UnrulyPractices: Power,Discourse and Genderin Contempo-
rary Social Theory.Minneapolis:Universityof MinnesotaPress, 1989.
Gross, Engelbert.Der Anspruchder Offentlichkeitund das "Geheimnisdes
Glaubens": Erdrterungenzu einem Dilemma des Religionsunterrichtsin der
offentlichenSchule. Miinchen:Minerva,1989.
Laursen, John. "Scepticism and Intellectual Freedom: The Philosophical
Foundations of Kant's Politics of Publicity."History of Political Thought 10
(1989): 439-55.
Nienhaus, Brian. Communication,the CommodityForm and Charisma.
ERIC, 1989. ED 313 719. [descriptionof public sphere throughtheory of com-
modity relations]
Oelkers, J., ed. Offentlichkeitund Bildung in erziehungsphilosophischer
Sicht: Beitrdge der Kommission "Erziehungund Bildungsphilosophie".K6ln:
JanusVerlag, 1989.
Preuss, Ulrich. "WasheiBtradikaleDemokratieheute?"Die Ideen von 1789.
Frankfurtam Main: Suhrkamp,1989. 47-67. [on roles of citizen and client in
welfare state]
Sproule, J. Michael. "OrganizationalRhetoricand the Public Sphere (The
Influence of Karl Weick's Editionsof 'The Social Psychology of Organizing')."
CommunicationStudies 40.4 (1989): 258-65. [public space within organizations;

privatizingof the publicsphereby managerialrhetors]
Willard, Charles Arthur."The Creationof Publics: Notes on Goodnight's
Historical Relativity."Argumentationand Advocacy 26 (Fall 1989): 45-59. [cri-
tique of G. ThomasGoodnight'stheoryof the public sphere]
Wuthnow,Robert.Communitiesof Discourse: Ideology and Social Structure
in the Reformation, the Enlightenment,and European Socialism. Cambridge,
Mass.: HarvardUniversityPress, 1989.
Agger, Ben. TheDecline of Discourse: Reading, Writingand Resistance in
Postmodern Capitalism.Bristol, PA: FalmerPress, 1990. [on postmodernread-
ing public and contemporarypublic sphere]
Bohmann, James. "Communication,Ideology, and Democratic Theory."
AmericanPolitical Science Review 84 (1990): 93-109.
Chatterjee,Partha."A Responseto Taylor's'Modes of Civil Society'." Pub-
lic Culture 3 (Fall 1990): 119-34. [critiqueof universalisticconception of civil
society (see Taylor,1990)]
Eliasoph, Nina. "PoliticalCultureand the Presentationof a Political Self: A
Study of the Public Spherein the Spiritof ErvingGoffman."Theoryand Society
19 (August 1990): 465-494.
Habermas,Jiirgen."Volkssouveriinitat als Verfahren:Ein NormativerBegriff
-
der Offentlichkeit?"Die Moderne ein unvollendetesProjekt. Philosophisch-
politische Aufsdtze1977-1990. Ed. Habermas.Leipzig:Reclam, 1990. 180-212.
- Moral Consciousness and CommunicativeAction. Cambridge, Mass.:
MIT Press, 1990.
- Die NachholendeRevolution.Frankfurtam Main:Suhrkamp,1990.
Hog, Michael. Ethnologie und Offentlichkeit:ein entwicklungeschichtlicher
Uberblick.Frankfurtam Main:P. Lang, 1990.
Katz, Wallace. "The Flawed Triumphof Social Democracy."Commonweal
117 (February1990): 77-80. [on publicsphereas prerequisitefor genuinepolitics]
Kelly, Michael, ed. Hermeneuticsand Critical Theoryin Ethics and Politics.
Cambridge,Mass.: MIT Press, 1990.
Klier, Peter.Im Dreieck von Demokratie,Offentlichkeitund Massenmedien.
Berlin: Duncker& Humblot, 1990.
Konopak, John Pace. "Re-Inventingthe Public Sphere: Critical Theory,
Social Responsibility,Schools, and the Press."Dissertation.LouisianaState Uni-
versity, 1990.
Mann, PatriciaS. "UnifyingDiscourse: City College as PostmodernPublic
Sphere."Social Text25-26 (1990): 81-102.
Taylor,Charles."Modesof Civil Society."Public Culture3 (Fall 1990):95-118.
[originsof differentEuropeanmodelsof publicspaceandthe publicsphere]
Thompson,John B. Ideology and ModernCulture:CriticalSocial Theoryin
theEra of Mass Communications.Cambridge:PolityPress, 1990. [includesdiscus-
Arthur Strum 173
sion of applicabilityof dialogicalmodel of publicsphereto contemporarymedia]

Willard, Charles Arthur."The Problemof the Public Sphere: Three Diag-
noses." ArgumentationTheoryand Rhetoricof Assent. Ed. Michael Hazen. Tus-
caloosa: University of Alabama, 1990.
Coenenhuther,J. "The Domicile: Private Sphere and Public Sphere." Cah-
iers Internationauxde Sociologie 91 (July 1991): 301-13. [title translated]
Daley, Patrick."Alvin Gouldner'sViews on the Public Sphere."TheJournal
of CommunicationInquiry 15 (Summer1991): 107-125.
Demirovic, Alex. "Zivilgesellschaft,Offentlichkeit,Demokratie."Argument
33 (1991): 41-55. [Gramscivs. Habermas]
Derrida,Jacques."Lademocratieajournme." L'AutreCap.Paris:Minuit, 1991.
Di Fabio, Udo. OffenerDiskurs und geschlossene Systeme: das Verhdltnis
von Individuum und Gesellschaft in argumentations-und systemtheoretischer
Perspektive.Berlin: Duncker& Humblot,1991.
Garber,Jom. Spdtabsolutismusund biirgerliche Gesellschaft: Studien zur
deutschenStaats- und Gesellschaftstheorieim Ubergangzur Moderne.Frankfurt
am Main:Keip, 1991.
Glasser,T. L. "Communicationand the Cultivationof Citizenship."Commu-
nication 12 (1991): 235-48.
Holub, Robert. Jiirgen Habermas: Critic in the Public Sphere. New York:
Routledge, 1991.
Sjodin, Christer."TheImpactof the Social WelfareSystem on the Psychoan-
alytic Process." American Journal of Psychoanalysis 51 (March 1991): 55-60.
[on Freud's effort to move his practicefromprivaterealmto public sphere]
Benhabib, Seyla. "Modelsof Public Space: HannahArendt,the LiberalTra-
dition, and JiirgenHabermas."Habermasand the Public Sphere. Ed. Craig Cal-
houn. Cambridge:MIT Press, 1992. 73-98.
Canel-Crespo,MariaJose. "ElConceptode lo Publicoy de la OpinionPublica
en la IlustracionEscocesa."Dissertation.Universityof Navarra(Spain), 1992.
Dean, Jodi. "IncludingWomen:The Consequencesand Side Effects of Fem-
inist Critiques of Civil Society." Philosophy and Social Criticism 18
(July-October1992): 379-406. [on utility of concepts of "publicity"and "public-
ness" in overcomingpublic/privatedistinction]
Fraser,Nancy. "Rethinkingthe Public Sphere:a Contributionto the Critique
of Actually Existing Democracy."Postmodernismand the Re-Readingof Moder-
nity.Eds. FrancisBarker,PeterHulme and MargaretIversen.New York:St. Mar-
tin's Press, 1992.
Gerhards,Jiirgen."PublicPoliticalMeetingsin Germany:Demandand Supply
of a Small Public Sphere."Kolner Zeitschriftfir Sozialforschungund Sozialpsy-
chologie 44 (December1992):766-79. [titletranslated]
Goodnight, G. Thomas. "Habermas,the Public Sphere, and Controversy."
InternationalJournalof Public Opinion4 (Autumn1992):243-55.
Habermas,Jiirgen."FurtherReflections on the Public Sphere."Habermas

and the Public Sphere(1992).
Habermas,Jiirgen,and interlocutors."ConcludingRemarks."Habermasand
the Public Sphere(1992).
Herbst, Susan. "Gender,Marginality,and the Changing Dimensions of the
Public Sphere."CommunicationResearch 19 (June 1992): 381-92.
Hohendahl,PeterUwe. "ThePublic Sphere:Models and Boundaries."Hab-
ermas and the Public Sphere(1992).
Kwok, Kian-Woon."Traditionin the Making:Catholicism,Moral Economy,
and the Public Sphere in AmericanLife." Dissertation.University of California
at Berkeley, 1992.
Lee, Benjamin. "Textuality,Mediation, and Public Discourse." Habermas
and the Public Sphere(1992).
McCarthy,Thomas. "PracticalDiscourse: On the Relation of Morality to
Politics."Habermasand the Public Sphere(1992).
Negt, Oskar,and AlexanderKluge. Mafiverhaltnissedes Politischen. Frank-
furt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1992. [on public spheresof production,collec-
tive mourning,etc.; public sphereas inalienablepublic property]
Portantiero,JuanCarlos."Foundations of a New Politics."Reporton theAmer-
icas 25 (May 1992): 17-20. [on vibrantpublicsphereas goal of democraticleft]
Postone, Moishe. "PoliticalTheoryand HistoricalAnalysis."Habermasand
the Public Sphere(1992).
Reddy, William M. "Postmodernismand the Public Sphere." Cultural
Anthropology7 (May 1992): 135-68. [how conceptof public spheremakes possi-
ble an ethnographyof metaphysics]
Schambeck, Herbert.Staat, Offentlichkeitund 6ffentlicheMeinung. Berlin:
Duncker& Humblot, 1992.
Shields, R. "A TruantProximity: Presence and Absence in the Space of
Modernity."Environmentand Planning Development: Society and Space 10
(April 1992): 181-98. [effects of changes in public-private,insider-outsiderdis-
tinctions on public sphere]
Szivos, Mihaly. From Individual Privacy to the Privacy of Groups and
Nations: an Approach to the Problems of the Structureof the European Public
Sphere.Florence:EuropeanUniversityInstitute,1992.
Thomas, Owen C. "PublicTheology and Counter-PublicSpheres."Harvard
TheologicalReview 85 (October1992): 453-66.
Villa, Dana R. "Postmodernismand the Public Sphere."TheAmericanPolit-
ical Science Review 86 (September1992): 712-21.
Zaret, David. "CriticalTheory and the Sociology of Culture."CurrentPer-
spectives in Social Theory 12 (1992): 1-28. [critiqueof pessimistic account of
public spherein CriticalTheory]
Alejandro, Roberto. Hermeneutics, Citizenship, and the Public Sphere.
Arthur Strum 175
Albany: State University of New YorkPress, 1993.

Aronowitz, Stanley. "Is a DemocracyPossible? The Decline of the Public in
the AmericanDebate." ThePhantomPublic Sphere.Ed. Bruce Robbins. Minne-
apolis: University of MinnesotaPress, 1993.
Benhabib, Seyla. "FeministTheory and Arendt'sConcept of Public Space."
History of the HumanSciences 6 (May 1993): 97-114.
Calhoun, Craig. "Civil Society and the Public Sphere."Public Culture 5
(Winter 1993): 267-80.
Dean, Jodi. "Spaces for Difference: Discourse Ethics and Feminist Theory
(JiirgenHabermas)."Dissertation.ColumbiaUniversity, 1993.
Fleming, Marie. "Womenand the 'Public Use of Reason'." Social Theory
and Practice 19 (Spring 1993): 27-50.
Graham,Laura. "A Public Sphere in Amazonia?The Depersonalized Col-
laborative Construction of Discourse in Xavante." American Ethnologist 20
(November 1993): 717-41.
Howell, P. "Public Space and the Public Sphere:Political Theory and the
Historical Geographyof Modernity."Environmentand Planning Development:
Society and Space 11 (1993): 303-322.
Keenan, Thomas. "Windows:of vulnerability."ThePhantomPublic Sphere.
Ed. Bruce Robbins. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1993. [Der-
rideanreadingof Offentlichkeit]
Kim, Seong-Jae.Mode und Gegenmode:SozialwissenschaftlicheAnsdtzezu
einer Kommunikationstheorie der Offentlichkeit.
Frankfurtam Main:Lang, 1993.
Koivisto, J., and E. Valiverronen."Das ComebackkritischerTheorien der
Offentlichkeit."Argument201 (September-October1993): 717-32. [critique of
exaggeratedstatusof public spherein English-languagereception]
Lopata,Helena Znaniecka."The Interweaveof Public and Private:Women's
Challengeto AmericanSociety."Journalof Marriageand the Family 55.1 (1993):
176-90. [critiqueof politicalconsequencesof public/privatesphereimagery]
Mattelart,Armand."Neue Horizonteder Kommunikation:Die Riickkehrzur
Kultur."Argument201 (September-October1993): 689-706.
McLaughlin,Lisa. "Feminism,the Public Sphere, Media and Democracy."
Media, Culture& Society 15 (October1993):599-620. [feministdefense of Haber-
mas'criticismof antidemocratic tendenciesof massmedia]
Negt, Oskar,andAlexanderKluge.Public Sphereand Experience:Towardan
Analysis of the Bourgeoisand ProletarianPublic Sphere(1972) (forewordby Mir-
iam Hansen).Trans.PeterLabanyi,JamieDaniel,Assenka Oksiloff. Minneapolis:
University of MinnesotaPress, 1993.
Rayaprol,Apama. "Genderand the Renegotiationof Public/PrivateSpheres
at a Hindu Temple in the United States."AnnualMeeting of AmericanSociolog-
ical Association, 1993.
Ross, Andrew. "The Fine Art of Regulation."The Phantom Public Sphere.
Ed. Bruce Robbins. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1993.

Seligman, Adam B. "The Representationof Society and the Privatizationof
Charisma."Praxis International 13 (April 1993): 68-84. [Weberianaccount of
disappearanceof charismafrompublic sphere]
Thompson, John B. "The Theory of the Public Sphere."Theory,Culture&
Society 10 (August 1993): 173-90.
Trabold, Annette. Sprachpolitik, Sprachkritik und Offentlichkeit:
Anforderung an die Sprachfdhigkeit des Burgers. Wiesbaden: Deutsche
Universitiits-Verlag,1993.
Warner,Michael. "The Mass Public and the Mass Subject."The Phantom
Public Sphere(1993).
Dostal, RobertJ. "ThePublic and the People:Heidegger's IlliberalPolitics."
Review of Metaphysics47 (March1994): 517-55. [on negative significance of the
concept of "thepublic"in Heidegger]
Johnson, James, and Dana Villa. "Public Sphere, Postmodernism, and
Polemic." The American Political Science Review 88 (June 1994): 427-33. [a
comment and reply]
Zaret, David. "Petitionsand the Inventionof Public Opinion in the English
Revolution."InternationalSociological Association. Spain: 1994. [on the inven-
tion of public opinion as case for analysisof origin of political public sphere]
Benhabib,Seyla. TheReluctantModernismof HannahArendt.forthcoming.
[on relevance of Arendt's associational model of public space to new social
movements]
Thompson,John B. "Social Theoryand the Media."CommunicationTheory
Today.Eds. David Crowley and David Mitchell. Cambridge:Polity Press, forth-
coming.
IV. Social and Political History:
A. pre-18th century
Holscher, Lucian. Offentlichkeitund Geheimnis:eine begriffsgeschichtliche
Untersuchungzur Entstehungder Offentlichkeitin derfriihen Neuzeit. Stuttgart:
Klett-Cotta,1979.
Bauer,Martin."Die 'Gemain Sag' im spiteren Mittelalter:Studienzu einem
FaktormittelaltericherOffentlichkeit."Dissertation,Friedrich-AlexanderUniver-
sitiitErlagen,1983.
Davis, Natalie Zemon. Society and Culturein early modernFrance (1975).
Cambridge:Polity, 1987. [on earlyplebeiancounter-publics]
Willen, Diane. "Womenin the Public Spherein Early ModernEngland:the
Case of the Urban WorkingPoor." The SixteenthCenturyJournal 19 (Winter
1988): 559-75.
Arthur Strum 177
Marshall, Sherrin, ed. Womenin Reformationand Counter-Reformation

Europe:Public and Private Worlds.Bloomington:IndianaUniversityPress, 1989.
Herklotz, Ingo. "Grabmalstiftungenund stidtische Offentlichkeit im spat-
mittelalterlichenItalien."MaterielleKulturund religiose Stiftungim Spdtmittela-
Iter. Ed. Gerhard Jaritz. Vienna: Verlag der 6sterreichischen Akad. der
Wissenschaften,1990.
Sawyer, Jeffrey. Printed Poison Pamphlet Propaganda, Faction Politics,
and the Public Sphere in Early Seventeenth-Century France. Berkeley: Univer-
sity of CaliforniaPress, 1990.
Biesecker, Susan L. "Rhetoric,Possibility, and Women's Status in Ancient
Athens: Gorgias' and Isocrates' Encomiumsof Helen." Rhetoric Society Quar-
terly 22 (Winter 1992): 99-108 [on law institutedby Pericles, which could have
made possible resistanceto women's exclusion from the public sphere].
Briining,Rainer.Herrschaftund Offentlichkeitin den HerzogtiimernBremen
und Verdenunter der Regierung Karls XII. von Schweden, 1697-1712. Stade:
Landschaftsverbandder ehemaligenHerzogtiimerBremenund Verden,1992.
Zaret, David. "Religion, Science, and Printing in the Public Spheres in
Seventeenth-CenturyEngland."Habermasand the Public Sphere.Ed. CraigCal-
Beam, Sara. "Apparitionsand the Public Sphere in Seventeenth-Century
France."CanadianJournal of History29 (April 1994): 1-22.
B. 18th century (social and political history)

Muller,Hans. Sdkularisationund Offentlichkeitam Beispiel Westfalen.Miin-
ster: Mehrenund Hobbeling, 1971.
Engelsing, Rolf. Der Burger als Leser: Lesergeschichte in Deutschland,
1500-1800. Stuttgart:MetzlerVerlag, 1974.
Becher,UrsulaA. J. "PolitischeGesellschaft:Studienzur Genesebiirgerlichen
Offentlichkeitin Deutschland."G6ttingen:Vandenhoeckund Ruprecht,1978.
Hertz,Deborah."Salonieresand LiteraryWomenin Late Eighteenth-Century
Berlin."New GermanCritique14 (Spring1978):97-108.
Haber, Giinter.StrafgerichtlicheOffentlichkeitund dffentlicherAnkldger in
der franztsischen Aufkldrung:mit einem Ausblick auf die Gesetzgebung der
Konstituante.Berlin: Duncker& Humblot,1979.
Lottes, Giinther.PolitischeAufkldrungundplebejischesPublikum:Zur Theo-
rie undPraxis des englischenRadikalismusim spaten 18. Jahrhundert.Miinchen:
Oldenbourg,1979. [on 'intellectuals'andpublicsphere]
Dann, Otto, ed. Lesegesellschaften und biirgerliche Emanzipation: Ein
europdischerVergleich.Miinchen:Beck, 1981.
Anderson,Benedict. ImaginedCommunities:Reflectionson the Origins and
Spreadof Nationalism. London:Verso, 1982. [analysisof "printcapitalism"]
Filiaci, Anne Marie. "Raisingthe Republic:AmericanWomenin the Public

Sphere."Dissertation.Univ. of Californiaat San Diego, 1982.
Enkemann,Jiirgen.JournalismusundLiteratur:zum Verhdltnisvon Zeitung-
swesen, Literaturund EntwicklungbiirgerlicherOffentlichkeitin England im 17.
und 18. Jahrhundert.Tiibingen:Niemeyer, 1983.
Im Hof, Ulrich.Die EntstehungeinerpolitischenOffentlichkeit in der Schweiz:
Strukturund Titigkeitder HelvetischenGesellschaft.Frauenfeld:Huber,1983.
Hunt,Lynn.Politics, Culture,and Class in the FrenchRevolution.Berkeley:
University of CaliforniaPress, 1984.
Schafhausen, Helmut. Zwischen Salon und Dachboden: Autobiografische
Zeugnisse zum Verhdltnisvon Privatheitund Offentlichkeitin der biirgerlichen
Lesesozialisation.Dortmund:PadagogischeArbeitsstelle,1985.
Somers, MargaretRamsay."ThePeople and the Law: NarrativeIdentityand
the Place of the Public Spherein the Formationof English WorkingClass Poli-
tics, 1300-1800." Dissertation.Harvard,1986.
Baker, Keith Michael, ed. TheFrench Revolutionand the Creationof Mod-
em Political Culture,vol. 1, The Political Cultureof the Old Regime. Oxford:
PergamonPress, 1987.
Maza, Sarah."Le tribunalde la nation:Les memoiresjudicaires et l'opinion
publiquea la fin de l'ancien regime."Annales:ESC 47 (1987): 75-90.
Landes, Joan. Womenand the Public Spherein the Age of the French Revo-
lution. Ithaca:Corell UniversityPress, 1988.
Lucas, Colin, ed. TheFrenchRevolutionand the Creationof Modem Politi-
cal Culture,vol. 2, The Political Cultureof the French Revolution.Oxford:Per-
gamon Press, 1988.
Ozouf, Mona. " 'Public Opinion' at the End of the Old Regime."Journal of
ModernHistory 60 (1988): 3-21.
Schomig, Ulrike. "Politik und Offentlichkeitin Preul3en:Entwicklungder
Zensur-undPressepolitikzwischen 1740und 1819."Dissertation.Wiirzburg,1988.
Bimbaum, Pierre. "Jews: Retaining Their Identity or Entering the Public
Sphere: The French Revolution and Choice of Actors." Revue Franqaise de
Sociologie 30.3-4 (1989). [title translated]
Gordon,Daniel. " 'PublicOpinion'and the Civilizing Process in France:the
Example of Morellet."Eighteenth-Century Studies22 (Spring 1989): 302-28.
Outram, Dorinda. The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class, and
Political Culture.New Haven:Yale UniversityPress, 1989.
Schiewe, Jiirgen.Spracheund Offentlichkeit: Carl GustavJochmannund die
der
politischeSprachkritik Spdtaufldarung. Berlin:
E. Schmidt,1989.
Baker, Keith Michael. "Politicsand Public Opinionunder the Old Regime:
Some Reflections." Inventing the French Revolution.Cambridge,Mass.: MIT
Press, 1990. 167-99.
Myers, Michael.Fur den Biirger:the Role of ChristianSchubertsDeutsche
Arthur Strum 179
ChronikintheDevelopmentofa PoliticalPublicSphere.New York:PeterLang, 1990.

Nathans, Benjamin. "Habermas's'Public Sphere' in the Era of the French
Revolution."French Historical Studies 16 (Spring 1990): 620-44.
Wamer,Michael.TheLettersofthe Republic:Publicationand thePublicSphere
in Eighteenth-CenturyAmerica.Cambridge: HarvardUniversityPress, 1990.
Bauer,Joachim, and Jens Riederer,eds. ZwischenGeheimnisund Offentlich-
keit: Jenaer Freimaurerei und studentische Geheimgesellschaften.Jena: Aca-
demica & StudenticaJenensia, 1991.
Chartier,Roger. The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution. Durham:
Duke University Press, 1991. [includesreview of studies of printculture]
Meidenbauer,Jirg. AuJfldrungund Offentlichkeit:
Studienzu den Anfdngender
Vereins-undMeinungsbildung in Hessen/Kassel1770 bis 1806. Marburg:Selbstver-
lag derHessischenHistorischenKommission,1991.
Striter,Karin.Frauenbriefeals MediumbiirgerlicherOffentlichkeit:eine Unter-
suchunganhandvon Quellenaus dem HamburgerRaumin der zweitenHdlftedes
18. Jahrhunderts.Frankfurtam Main:PeterLang,1991.
Baker, Keith Michael. "Defining the Public Sphere in Eighteenth-Century
France:Variationson a Theme by Habermas."Habermasand the Public Sphere.
Ed. Craig Calhoun.Cambridge:MIT Press, 1992. 181-211.
Bell, David A. "The 'Public Sphere,'the State,and the Worldof Law in Eigh-
teenth CenturyFrance."FrenchHistorical Studies 17 (Fall 1992): 912-50.
Boning, Holger. Franzosische Revolution und deutsche Offentlichkeit:
Wandlungenin Presse undAlltagskulturam Ende des achtzehntenJahrhunderts.
Miinchen:K. G. Saur, 1992.
Diilmen, Richard von. The Society of the Enlightenment:The Rise of the
Middle Class and EnlightenmentCulturein Germany.Trans.Williams, Anthony.
Cambridge:Polity Press, 1992.
Goodman, Dena. "Public Sphere and Private Life: Toward a Synthesis of
CurrentHistoriographicalApproachesto the Old Regime." History and Theory
31(1992): 1-20.
Gordon, Daniel. "Philosophy,Sociology, and Gender in the Enlightenment
Conceptionof PublicOpinion."FrenchHistoricalStudies17 (Fall 1992): 882-911.
Kramer,Lloyd. "Habermas,History, and Critical Theory."Habermas and
the Public Sphere.Ed. CraigCalhoun.Cambridge:MIT Press, 1992. 236-58.
La Vopa, Anthony. "Conceiving a Public: Ideas and Society in
Eighteenth-CenturyEurope."Journal of Modern History 64 (1992): 79-116.
[review of Habermas'sStructuralTransformation)]
Maza, Sarah."Women,the Bourgeoisie,and the Public Sphere:Response to
DanielGordonandDavidBell."FrenchHistoricalStudies17 (Fall 1992):935-50.
Ravel, JeffreyScott."ThePolice andthe Parterre:CulturalPolitics in the Paris
PublicTheater,1680-1789."Dissertation.Universityof California,Berkeley,1992.
Schneider,Falko. OffentlichkeitundDiskurs:Studienzu Entstehung,Struktur
undForm der Offentlichkeitim 18. Jahrhundert.Bielefeld:AisthesisVerlag,1992.

Klein, Lawrence. "Gender,Conversationand the Public Sphere in Early
Eighteenth-CenturyEngland."Textualityand Sexuality: Reading Theories and
Practices. Ed. Michael Worton.Manchester:ManchesterUniversityPress, 1993.
C. 19th-century (social and political history)

Schneider, Franz. Pressefreiheit und politische Offentlichkeit:Studien zur
politischen GeschichteDeutschlandsbis 1848. Neuwied: Luchterhand,1966.
Hunzicker, Guido. Die Schweiz und das Nationalitdtsprinzipim 19. Jahr-
hundert: die Einstellung der eidgentssischen Offentlichkeitzum Gedankendes
Nationalstaates.Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn,1970.
Engelsing, Rolf. Analphabetentumund Lektiire:Zur Sozialgeschichte des
Lesens in Deutschland zwischenfeudaler und industrieller Gesellschaft. Stut-
tgart:MetzlerVerlag, 1973.
Hartwig, Helmut. Politische Asthetik und Offentlichkeit:1848 im Spal-
tungsprozefides historischenBewuJ3tseins.Ferwald: Anabas-Verlag,1974.
Kramer,Margarete.Die Zensurin Hamburg1819 bis 1848: ein Beitrag zur
Frage staatlicher Lenkungder Offentlichkeitwdhrendder deutschen Vormdrz.
Hamburg:Buske, 1975.
Simhart, Florian. Biirgerliche Gesellschaft und Revolution: eine ideolo-
giekritische Untersuchungdes politischen und sozialen Bewusstseinsin der Mitte
des 19. Jahrhunderts:dargestelltam Beispiel einer Gruppedes MiinchnerBil-
dungsbiirgertums. Miinchen:Kommissionfir BayerischeLandesgeschichte,1978.
Geiger, Ruth. Der Teufelsoil die Wiihlerpresseholen! : Zeitschriftenopposi-
tioneller Offentlichkeitvon den Jakobinernzur Berliner Mirz-Revolution 1848.
Berlin: K. Guhl, 1980.
Evans, Richard. "Politics and the Family: Social Democracy and the
Working-ClassFamily in Theory and Practicebefore 1914." The GermanFam-
ily: Essays in the Social History of the Family in Nineteenth- and
Twentieth-Century Germany.Eds. RichardEvans and W.R. Lee. London:Barnes
& Noble, 1981.
Siemann, Wolfram,ed. Der "Polizeiverein"deutscherStaaten: eine Doku-
mentationzur Uberwachungder Offentlichkeitnach der Revolutionvon 1848/49.
Tiibingen:M. Niemeyer, 1983.
Baker, Paula. "The Domesticationof Politics: Womenand American Politi-
cal Society, 1780-1920."AmericanHistoricalReview 89 (1984): 620-47.
Scott, Anne Firor."On Seeing and Not Seeing: A Case of Historical Invisi-
bility."AmericanHistory 71 (1984): 7-21. [on absence of women from historical
Americanpublic]
Hall, Catherine."PrivatePersons versus Public Someones: Class, Gender,
and Politics in England, 1780-1850." Language, Gender and Childhood. Eds.
Arthur Strum 181
Carolyn Steedman, Cathy Urwin and Valerie Walkerdine.Boston: Routledge &

Kegan Paul, 1985.
Obenaus, Sibylle. Literarischeund politische Zeitschriften,1848-1880. Stut-
tgart:MetzlerVerlag,1987.
Wehler, Hans-Ulrich. Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte.Vol. 1 Miinchen:
1987. [pertinentdiscussions on pages 303-331, and 520-546]
Furet, Fran{ois, and Mona Ozouf. TheFrench Revolutionand the Creation
of Modern Political Culture, vol. 3, The Transformationof Political Culture,
1795-1848. Oxford:PergamonPress, 1989.
Kucher, Primus-Heinz. Herrschaft und Protest: literarisch-publizistische
Offentlichkeitund politische Herrschaftin Oberitalienzwischen Romantikund
Restauration.Wien: B6hlau, 1989.
Ryan, Mary. Womenin Public: Between Banners and Ballots, 1825-1880.
Baltimore:JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress, 1990.
Wirsching,Andreas.Parlamentund VolkesStimme:Unterhausund Offentli-
chkeit im England des friihen 19. Jahrhunderts.G6ttingen: Vandenhoeck &
Ruprecht,1990.
Eley, Geoff. "Nations,Publics, and Political Cultures:Placing Habermasin
the Nineteenth Century."Habermas and the Public Sphere. Ed. Craig Calhoun.
Cambridge:MIT Press, 1992. 289-339.
Ryan, Mary. "Gender and Public Access: Women's Politics in Nine-
teenth-CenturyAmerica."Habermasand the Public Sphere. Ed. Craig Calhoun.
Cambridge:MIT Press, 1992. 259-88.
Reddy, William M. "Marriage,Honor,and the Public Sphere in Postrevolu-
tionaryFrance:Separationsde Corps, 1815-1848."Journal of ModernHistory 65
(September 1993): 437-72.
Fischer,Hans.DerAgyptologeGeorgeEbers:eineFallstudiezumProblemWis-
senschaftund Offentlichkeitim 19. Jahrhundert.
Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz,1994.
D. 20th-century (social and political history)

Wernecke,Klaus. Der Wille zur Weltgeltung:AuBenpolitikund Offentlichkeit
im Kaiserreicham Vorabenddes ErstenWeltkrieges.Diisseldorf:Droste, 1970.
Kaiser, Marcus. Deutscher Kirchenkampfund Schweizer Offentlichkeitin
den Jahren 1933 und 1934. Zurich:TheologischerVerlag, 1972.
Khadzhinikolov, Veselin Dimitrov. Georgi Dimitrov i Swvetskata obsest-
venost. 1934-1945. Sofia: BAN, 1972. [Georg Dimitroff and the Soviet public
sphere]
Storek,Henning.Dirigierte Offentlichkeit;die Zeitungals Herrschaftsmittel
in den Anfangsjahrender nationalsozialistischenRegierung.Opladen:Westdeut-
scher Verlag, 1972.
Lange, Karl. Mareschlacht und deutsche Offentlichkeit:eine verdrdngte
Niederlage und ihre Folgen. Diisseldorf:BertelsmannUniversititsverlag, 1974.

Deutsch, KarlW., and GerhardSchmidtchen,eds. Auf3enpolitikund Offentli-
chkeit. Zurich:P. Haupt, 1977.
Hahn, Manfred,and HamstringSaintlier,eds. Biirgerliche Gesellschaft und
theoretischen Revolution: zur Entstehungdes wissenschaftlichen Sozialismus.
K6ln: Pahl-Rugenstein,1978.
Hennig, Eike. Offentlichkeitenund Subjektein der Endphase der Weimarer
Republik: Anmerkungenzur Sozialgeschichte. Frankfurtam Main: Institut fiir
Historisch-SozialwissenschaftlicheAnalysen, 1979.
Faschistische Offentlichkeit:
Jahrestagungder ArbeitsgruppePolitische Psy-
chologie.Weinheim:Beltz Verlag,1980. [publishedby editorsofBetrifft:Erziehung]
Ferenczi, Caspar.AuJ3enpolitik und Offentlichkeitin Ruffland 1906-1912.
Husum:Matthiesen, 1982.
Hagen, Manfred. Die Entfaltung politischer Offentlichkeit in RuJ3land,
1906-1914. Wiesbaden:F. Steiner,1982.
Aries, Philippe, and Georges Duby. Histoire de la vie privee. 5 vols. Paris:
Seuil, 1982-1985.
Heinemann, Ulrich. Die verdrdngteNiederlage: politische Offentlichkeit
und Kriegsschuldfragein der WeimarerRepublik.Gottingen:Vandenhoeckund
Ruprecht,1983.
Zagatta,Martin.Informationspolitik und Offentlichkeit:zur Theorieder poli-
tischenKommunikationin der DDR. Koln:VerlagWissenschaftund Politik, 1984.
Boyte, Harry, and Sara Evans. Free Spaces: The Sources of Democratic
Change in America.New York:Harper& Rowe, 1986. [on the public sphereand
social movements in the United States]
Reuss, Thomas.OffentlichkeitundPropaganda:NationalsozialistischePresse
in Unterfranken,1922-1945. Bad Neuwied:Kolumbus,1988.
Othenin-Girard, Mireille,and Anna G6ssenreiter,eds. Frauen und Offentlich-
keit:Beitrdgeder 6. SchweizerischenHistorikerinnentagung.Zurich:Chronos,1989.
Wollenberg, Jorg, ed. "Niemand war dabei und keiner hat' gewuJ3t":die
deutsche Offentlichkeitunddie Judenverfolgung1933-45. Miinchen:Piper, 1989.
Sukosd, Miklos. "From Propagandato 'Offentlichkeit'in Eastern Europe.
FourModels of the Public SpaceUnderStateSocialism."Praxis International10
(April 1990): 39-63.
Harzig, Christiane.Familie, Arbeitundweibliche Offentlichkeitin einer Ein-
wanderungsstadt:Deutschamerikanerinnenin Chicago um die Jahrhundert-
wende. St. Katharinen:ScriptaMercaturaeVerlag, 1991.
Miiller, Hans-Jiirgen.AuswdrtigePressepolitikund Propaganda zwischen
Ruhrkampfund Locarno(1923-25):eine Untersuchung iiberdie Rolle der Offentli-
chkeitin derAufenpolitikStresemanns.Frankfurt am Main:PeterLang, 1991.
Hedges, Inez. "Always Just Over the Horizon:the East GermanIntellectual
and the Elusive Public Sphere." Socialism and Democracy 8 (Summer-Fall
Arthur Strum 183
1992): 59-75.
Katz, Michael. "Chicago School Reform as History." Teacher' College
Record 94 (Fall 1992): 56-72. [includes discussion of implications of school
reformfor revitalizingpublic sphere]
Woods, Dwayne. "Civil Society in Europeand Africa:Limiting State Power
Througha Public Sphere."AfricanStudiesReview 35.2 (1992): 77-100.
Becker, J6rg. "Die Lateinamerikanisierung
der osteuropaischenOffentlichkeit
nach 1989."Das Argument201 (September-October 1993):707-15.
V. Law, Politics, and Education

Riiegg, Walter.Hochschule und Offentlichkeit.Frankfurtam Main: Kloster-
mann, 1965.
Scholler,Heinrich.Person und Offentlichkeit:ZumSpannungsverhdltnisvon
PressefreiheitundPersonlichkeitsschutz.Miinchen:Beck, 1967.
Die Beamten unddie Offentlichkeit:Vortrdge,AnsprachenundDiskussionen
aufder 10. beamtenpolitischenArbeitstagungdes DBB. BiihlerH6he: Verlagsan-
stalt des Deutschen Beamtenbundes,1968.
Bredow, Wilfried von. Der Primat militdrischenDenkens; die Bundeswehr
und das Problem der okkupiertenOffentlichkeit.Koln: Pahl-Rugenstein,1969.
Dieterich, Roland. "Die Funktionder Offentlichkeitder Parlamentsverhand-
lungen im Strukturwandeldes Parlamentarismus." Dissertation.Tiibingen, 1970.
Berggreen,Ingeborg. Die Dissenting Opinionin der Verwaltung;zum Prob-
lem der OffentlichkeitstaatlicherEntscheidungsvorgdange.Berlin: Dunkler und
Humblot, 1972.
Alber, Peter-Paul.Die Geschichteder Offentlichkeitim deutschen Strafver-
fahren. Vol. 21 of Schriftenzum Strafrecht.Berlin:Duncker& Humblot, 1974.
Giinther,Edgar. Schule, Familie und Offentlichkeitin der UdSSR. Berlin:
Volk und Wissen, 1974.
Kn6dler-Bunte, Eberhard. "The ProletarianPublic Sphere and Political
Organization."New GermanCritique4 (Spring 1975): 51-75.
Gr6nemeyer, Marianne. "Offentlichkeitals organisationsintemeDemokra-
tisierung(JiirgenHabermas)." MotivationundpolitischesHandeln.Grundkategorien
politischerPsychologie.Hamburg:HoffmannundCampe,1976. 186-88.
Deutsch, KarlW., and GerhardSchmidtchen,eds. Aufienpolitikund Offentli-
chkeit. Zurich:P. Haupt, 1977.
Muller, Ewald. Biirgerinformation:Kommunalverwaltungund Offentlich-
keit. K6ln: W. Kohlhammer,1977.
Adamson, Walter."Beyond 'Reformor Revolution':Notes on Political Edu-
cation in Gramsci, Habermasand Arendt." Theory and Society 6 (November
1978): 429-60.
Maderspacher, Florian,andHaraldWinzen.Gegen-Offentlichkeit: Medienhand-
buchfiirBiirgerinitiativen Gruppen,Schiilerzeitungen u.a. Hamburg:VSA, 1978.

Mutz,Reinhard."UbermanipulativeundkritischePublizitit";"ZumRational-
itiitsgehaltkritischerOffentlichkeit."Sicherheitspolitik
unddemokratischeOffentli-
chkeitin der BRD. Problemeder Analyse,KritikundKontrollemilitdrischeMacht.
Miinchen:R. Oldenbourg,1978.
Schmidt, Wolfgang. Offentlichkeit, offentliche Meinung und staatliche
Offentlichkeitsarbeit.Potsdam,Babelsberg:Akademiefir Staatsund Rechtswis-
senschaftder DDR, 1979.
Kury,Helmut,ed. StrafvollzugundOffentlichkeit.Freiburg:Rombach, 1980.
Black, Edwin. Politics and the News: the Political Functions of the Mass
Media. Toronto:Butterworths,1982.
Norton, Theodore Mills. "Notes on the Public Sphere."New Political Sci-
ence 11 (Spring 1983): 75-81. [argumentfor a "socialismof the public sphere"]
Bamett, MargueriteRoss. "Equity,Technology, and Educational Policy."
UrbanLeague Review 8 (Summer1984): 57-66. [critiqueof ReaganAdministra-
tion's effort to contractpublic sphere]
Batson, Steve W. State Action and the Public Spheres Doctrines: Consti-
tutionalInroadsinto the PrivateSector.ERIC,1985. ED 268 673.
Wilson, H. T. Political Management:Redefining the Public Sphere. New
York:W. de Gruyter,1985.
Ballhausen,Anne. ZwischentraditionellemEngagementund neuemSelbstver-
stdndnis;weibliche Prisenz in der Offentlichkeit:eine empirischeUntersuchung
zurpolitischen undsozialenPartizipationvon Frauen.Bielefeld:B. Kleine, 1986.
Kramer,Annett. Okologie und politische Offentlichkeit:zum Verhdltnisvon
Massenmedienund Umweltproblematik. Miinchen:tuduvVerlagsgesellschaft,
1986.
Eser, Albin, and Ginther Kaiser, eds. ViertesDeutsch-SowjetischesKollo-
quiumuber Strafrechtund Kriminologie:Kriminalisierung,strafrechtlichesVer-
bot, Rechtsbewusstsein, Offentlichkeit des Strafverfahrens. Kiev: Nomos
Verlagsgesellschaft,1987.
Hett, Hans-Jiirgen.Die Offentlichkeitder Parlamentsverhandlungen,das
Grundrechtder Informationsfreiheitund Informationspflichtender Exekutive.
Frankfurtam Main:PeterLang, 1987.
Udovicki, Jasmincka. "The Liberal Model and the Public Realm in the
U.S.S.R." Philosophy and Social Criticism 13.3 (1987): 243-263. [use of Struk-
turwandelto analyze failureof USSR to develop sovereignpublic space]
Oelkers, Jiirgen."Educationand the Public Sphere."Zeitschriftfur Pdda-
gogik 34 (September1988): 579-99. [on 18thand 19th-centuryhistory of concept
of liberal education]
Revolutionare Offentlichkeit:das Fernsehen und die Demokratisierungim
Osten. Mainz: Hase und Koeler, 1990.
Richter und Staatsanwalt: Rechtspflege und Offentlichkeit: Vortrdge,
gehalten bei der Richterwoche 1990 vom 13. Mai bis 19. Mai 1990. Wien:
Arthur Strum 185
Bundesministeriumfiir Justiz, 1990.

Boyte, Harry."The Growthof Citizen Politics; Stages in Local Community
Organizing."Dissent 37 (Fall 1990): 513-518. [on conceptionsof public derived
from history of citizen's organizationsin the United States]
Eggenberger, Isabelle Haner. Offentlichkeit und Verwaltung. Zurich:
SchulthessPolygraphischer,1990.
Kauffman, L. A. "Democracyin a PostmodernWorld?"Social Policy 21
(Fall 1990): [on identitypolitics and the public sphere]
Kuschfeldt, Rolf. Stellung der Funktion von Form und Offentlichkeitder
Eheschliessung im Wandelder englischenRechts-und Gesellschaftsordnungvom
13. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert:(Sponsaliade Praesenti und CommonLaw). G6ttin-
gen: 0. Schwartz, 1990.
Wallinger,Michael. Public Participationin RegulatoryDecisions: Options
and Strategies. ERIC, 1990. ED 325 876. [on effects of dominationof technical
rhetoricin public policy on public sphere]
Allen, David S. "The Prison Access Cases: Journalism,the Public Sphere,
and the Right to Know," Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in
Journalism and Mass Communications.Vol. XII: More Miscellaneous Studies.
Boston, Mass.: 1991.
Inacker,Michael. UnterAusschluflder Offentlichkeit?:die Deutschen in der
Goldallianz. Bonn: Bouvier, 1991.
Stryker, Sean David. "The American Green Movement: Problems in the
Democratic Reconstructionof the Public Sphere."Master'sthesis. University of
California,Berkeley, 1991.
Allen, David Stanley.Professionalizationand the Narrative of Shield Laws:
Defining Journalismand the Public Sphere.Ann Arbor,MI: University of Mich-
igan Press, 1992.
Boyte, Harry C. "The PragmaticEnds of PopularPolitics." Habermas and
Fraser,Nancy. "Sex, Lies, and the Public Sphere:Some Reflections on the
Confirmationof ClarenceThomas."CriticalInquiry18 (Spring 1992): 595-612.
Frow,John."Rationalization andthePublicSphere."Meanjin51.3 (1992):505+.
Habermas,Jiirgen.Faktizitdtund Geltung.Beitrdge zur Diskurstheoriedes
Rechtsunddes demokratischenRechtsstaats.Frankfurtam Main:Suhrkamp,1992.
Hernandez,Adriana."Towardsa Politics of Difference: Pedagogy, Democ-
racy, Feminism and the Rethinkingof the Public Sphere."Dissertation. Miami
University, 1992.
Bowman, CynthiaGrant."StreetHarassmentand the InformalGhettoization
of Women." Harvard Law Review 106.3 (1993): 517-80. [on effect of street
harassmenton ability of women to participatefully in the public sphere]
Case, Mary Anne. "Couplesand Couplingin the Public Sphere:a Comment
on the Legal History of Litigating for Lesbian and Gay Rights." VirginiaLaw
Review 79 (October 1993): 1643-94.

Lakeland, Paul. "Preservingthe Lifeworld, Restoring the Public Sphere,
Renewing Higher Education."Cross Currents43 (Winter1993): 488-502.
McConnell, Michael. "Religious Diversity: the New Family." Current353
(1993): 11-17. [on legal exclusion of religion frompublic sphere]
Mische, Ann. "Post-Communism's'Lost Treasure': Rethinking Political
Agency in a Shifting Public Sphere."Praxis International13 (October 1993):
242-67.
Somers, MargaretR. "Citizenshipand the Place of the Public Sphere:Law,
Community, and Political Culturein the Transitionto Democracy."American
Sociological Review 58 (October1993): 587-620.
Teitel, Ruti G. "A Critiqueof Religion as Politics in the Public Sphere."Cor-
nell Law Review 78 (July 1993): 747-821.
Venturelli,Shalini S. "TheImaginedTransnational PublicSpherein the Euro-
pean Community'sBroadcastPhilosophy:Implicationsfor Democracy."European
Journal of Communication8 (December1993):491+.
Austin, Regina. " 'An Honest Living': Street Vendors, Municipal Regula-
tion, and the Black Public Sphere."YaleLaw Journal 103 (June 1994): 2119-31.
Schudson,Michael."The'PublicSphere'and Its Problems:Bringingthe State
(Back)In."NotreDameJournalofLaw,Ethics& PublicPolicy 8.2 (1994): 529-546.
VI. History and Theory of the News Media

Zoll, Ralf. Manipulationder Meinungsbildung:zum Problem hergestellter
Offentlichkeit.Opladen:WestdeutscherVerlag,1971.
Kluge, Alexander."Medienproduktion." Perspektivender kommunalenKul-
turpolitik.Ed. Hilmar Hoffman. Frankfurt am Main:Suhrkamp,1974. 326-37.
Nuissl, Ekkehard."Massenmedienim System hergestellterOffentlichkeit:
Untersuchungenzu einem Aspekt biirgerlicherHerrschaft."Dissertation. Bre-
men, 1974.
Bockelmann,Frank.Theorieder Massenkommunikation: das Systemherges-
tellter Offentlichkeit,WirkungsforschungundgesellschaftlicheKommunikations-
verhdltnisse.Frankfurtam Main:Suhrkamp,1975.
Gurevitch, Michael, et al., eds. Culture,Society and the Media. London:
Methuen, 1977.
Rust, Holger.Massenmedienund Offentlichkeit:eine soziologische Analyse.
Berlin: Spiess, 1977.
Boyce, George, JamesCurran,and PaulineWingate,eds. NewspaperHistory
from the SeventeenthCenturyto the Present Day. Beverly Hills: Sage Publica-
tions, 1978.
Mast, Claudia.Politische Offentlichkeit:Untersuchungeiner Parteiensend-
ung der ZweitenDeutschenFernsehens.Osnabriick:Fromm, 1978.
Arthur Strum 187
Negt, Oskar."Mass Media: Tools of Dominationor Instrumentsof Libera-

tion? Aspects of the FrankfurtSchool's CommunicationsAnalysis." New Ger-
man Critique 14 (Spring 1978): 61-82.
Schudson, Michael. Discovering the News: A Social History of American
Newspapers.New York:Basic Books, 1978.
Eisenstein, Elizabeth. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. Cam-
bridge:HarvardUniversityPress, 1979.
Christian, Harry, ed. The Sociology of Journalism and the Press. Keele,
Staffordshire:Rowman and Littlefield, 1980.
Hall, Stuart, ed. Culture, Media, Language: WorkingPapers in Cultural
Studies. London:Centerfor ContemporaryCulturalStudies, 1980.
Hiibsch, Hadayatullah.AlternativeOffenlichkeit:Freirdumeder Information
und Kommunikation.Frankfurtam Main:FischerTaschenbuchVerlag, 1980.
Geiger, Ruth-Esther,and Sigrid Weigel. Sind das noch Damen? VomGele-
hrten Frauenzimmer-Journalismus zumfeministischenJournalismus.Miinchen:
Frauenbuchverlag,1981.
Kluge, Alexander."OnFilm and the Public Sphere."New German Critique
24-25 (Fall-Winter1981): 206-20.
Deutscher Stidte und Gemeindebund,Diisseldorf,ed. Lokale Offentlichkeit:
Zukunftvon Ortspresseund technischenMedien in den Gemeinden.G6ttingen:
O. Schwartz, 1982.
Enzensberger,Hans Magnus. "Constituentsof a Theory of the Media." Crit-
ical Essays. New York:Continuum,1982.46-76.
Kellner,Douglas. "Kulturindustrie und Massenkommunikation. Die Kritische
Theorieund ihre Folgen."Sozialforschungals Kritik.Ed. WolfgangBonB. Frank-
furtam Main:Suhrkamp,1982. 482-515.
Bagdikian,Ben. TheMedia Monopoly.Boston:Beacon Press, 1983.
Carey, James W. "The Press and Public Discourse." Center Magazine 20
(1983): 4-16. [on shift from conversationalto informationalmodel of press]
Hamelink, C. CulturalAutonomyin Global Communications.New York:
Longman, 1983.
Holzer, Horst, and Klaus Betz, eds. Totale Bildschirmherrschaft?:Staat,
Kapital und "NeueMedien". K6ln: Pahl-Rugenstein,1983.
Hallin, Daniel. "The American News Media: A Critical Theory Perspec-
tive." Critical Theoryand Public Life. Ed. JohnForester.Cambridge:MIT Press,
1985. 121-46.
Kluge, Alexander."Die Macht der Bewu3tseinsindustrieund das Schicksal
unserer Offentlichkeit." Industrialisierung des BewuJitseins: Eine kritische
Auseinandersetzung mit den 'neuen' Medien. Ed. Klaus von Bismarck.
Miinchen:Piper, 1985. 51-129.
Reisbeck, Giinter.Massenmedienundsoziale Probleme:eine Studiezur Bez-
iehung zwischen psychischen Stdrungen,psychosozialer Versorgungund der
Offentlichkeitin der BRD. Miinchen:Profil, 1985.

Allen, Robert C., ed. Channelsof Discourse: Televisionand Contemporary
Criticism.ChapelHill: Universityof NorthCarolinaPress, 1986.
Collins, Richard,ed. Media, Cultureand Society: a CriticalReader.Beverly
Hills: Sage Publications,1986.
Prott,Jiirgen.Die zerstdrteOffentlichkeit:Die Bundesrepublikaufdem Weg
zumKommerzfunk.G6ttingen:Steidl Verlag,1986.
Hauser,GerardA. "Featuresof the Public Sphere."Critical Studies in Mass
Communication4 (December 1987): 437-41.
Watney,Simon. Policing Desire: Pornography,AIDS, and the Media. Min-
neapolis: University of MinnesotaPress, 1987.
Carey, James, ed. Media, Myths, and Narratives: Televisionand the Press.
Newbury Park:Sage Publications,1988.
Tuchmann,Gaye. "MassMediaInstitutions." Handbookof Sociology.Ed. Neil
Smelser.NewburyPark,Calif.:SagePublications,1988.601-25. [surveyof research]
Carey,James W. Communicationas Culture:Essays on Media and Society.
Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
Girtner,Hans-Dieter.Der Griffnachder Offentlichkeit:GrundsdtzeundZiele
der neuenIG Medien im DeutschenGewerkschaftsbund. Koln:Tiberius,1989.
Sparks,Colin. "Broadcastingand the Public Sphere(editorial)."Media, Cul-
ture& Society 11 (April 1989): 131-34.
Wilson, Helen, ed. AustralianCommunications and the Public Sphere:Essays
in Memoryof Bill Bonney.SouthMelbourne:MacmillanCo. of Australia,1989.
Ferguson, Marjorie, ed. Public Communication:the New Imperatives;
FutureDirectionsfor Media Research.NewburyPark:Sage Publications, 1990.
Kellner, Douglas. Televisionand the Crisis of Democracy. Boulder: West-
view Press, 1990.
Lewis, Peter M., and JerryBooth. TheInvisible Medium:Public, Commer-
cial and CommunityRadio. Washington:HowardUniversityPress, 1990.
Skogerbo,Eli. "PublicSphere:Anachronismor a RelevantPoliticalConcept?"
NordicomReviewof NordicMass Communication Research2 (1990): 41-46.
White, Robert A. "CulturalAnalysis in Communicationfor Development:
The Role of CulturalDramaturgyin the Creationof a Public Sphere."Develop-
ment 2 (1990): 23-31.
Abracinskas,Lilian, ed. FeministischeOffentlichkeit- partriarchaleMedi-
enwelt. K6ln: Eigenverlag des VereinsBeitrage zur feministischenTheorie und
Praxis, 1991.
Aufderheide, Patricia. "Public Television and the Public Sphere." Critical
Studies in Mass Communication8.2 (1991): 168-183.
Boylan, James. "An Institutionof the HistoricalPublic Sphere: 'The Inde-
pendent' in the ProgressiveEra."AnnualMeeting of the Associationfor Educa-
tion in Journalism and Mass Communications.VII: Journalism and Media
Arthur Strum 189
History.Boston: 1991.
Feichtinger, Gudula. "EnvironmentalMovements and the Public Sphere:
The Role of AlternativeMedia for the Creationof an AlternativePublic Sphere."
Annual Meeting of the Associationfor Educationin Journalismand Mass Com-
municationsXII: Health, Science, and the Environment.Boston:1991.
Hallin, Daniel, and P. Mancini."Summitsand the Constitutionof an Interna-
tional Public Sphere: the Reagan-GorbachevMeetings as Televised Media
Events."Communication12.4 (1991): 249-65.
Neumann-Braun,Klaus, ed. Offentlichkeit,Kultur,Massenkommunikation:
Beitrdge zur Medien- undKommunikationssoziologie. Oldenburg:BIS, 1991
Peters, John D. "Media Ethics and the Public Sphere."Communication12
(1991): 197-215. [currentmedia ethics as evidence of lack of public sphere]
Zelizer, Barbie. "FromHome to PublicForum:Media Events and the Public
Sphere."Journal of Film and Video43 (Spring 1991): 69+.
Calabrese,Andrew, and BarbaraRuth Burke."AmericanIdentities:Nation-
alism, the Media, and the Public Sphere."Journal of CommunicationInquiry 16
(Summer 1992): 52-72. [critiqueof myth of unitarynational identity portrayed
by mass media]
Nerone, John. "The History of the Public Sphere."Journal of Communica-
tion 42 (Spring 1992): 163-71.
Schudson,Michael. "WasThereEver a Public Sphere?If So, When?Reflec-
tions on the American Case." Habermasand the Public Sphere. Ed. Craig Cal-
Carey, James W. "The Mass Media and Democracy: Between the Moder
and the Postmodern."Journal ofInternationalAffairs47 (Summer 1993): 1+.
Carpignano,Paolo, et al. "Chatterin the Age of Electronic Reproduction:
Talk Television and the 'Public Mind'." The PhantomPublic Sphere. Ed. Bruce
Robbins. Minneapolis:Universityof MinnesotaPress, 1993.
Faulstich,Werner,ed. Konzeptevon Offentlichkeit: 3. LinebergerKolloquium
zur Medienwissenschaft.Bardowick:WissenschaftlicheVerlagFaulstich,1993.
Garnham,Nicholas. "The Mass Media, Cultural Identity, and the Public
Spherein the Modem World."Public Culture5.2 (1993): 251-65.
McLaughlin,Lisa. "ChastityCriminalsin the Age of Electronic Reproduc-
tion: Re-Viewing Television and the Public Sphere."Journal of Communication
Inquiry 17 (Winter 1993): 41-55.
Negt, Oskar."KeinenAugenblickmehr allein gelassen. Medienwirklichkeit
und Erfahrungsverlust." Zukunftoder Ende. Ed. Rudolf Maresch. Miinchen:K.
Boer, 1993. 271-80.
Peters, John Durham."Distrustof Representation:Habermason the Public
Sphere."Media, Culture& Society 15 (October1993): 541-71.
Robinson, David C. "Taking 'Freedom of the Press' Seriously: Critical
Media Sociology and the Challenge of Democracy."Alternative Routes 10
(1993): 57-83. [on radical-democratictheoryof news production]

Schlenker,GerryNeal. "PublicBroadcasting,the Public Sphereand Democ-
racy."Dissertation.Universityof Oregon, 1993.
Tulloch, John. "Policing the Public Sphere:the British Machineryof News
Management."Media, Culture& Society 15 (July 1993): 363-84.
Hallin, Daniel. WeKeep Americaon Topof the World:TelevisionJournalism
and the Public Sphere.New York:Routledge& KeganPaul, 1994.
Hoynes, William. Public Televisionfor Sale: Media, the Market, and the
Public Sphere.Boulder:WestviewPress, 1994.
Nerone, John C. ViolenceAgainst the Press: Policing the Public Sphere in
U.S. History.New York:OxfordUniversityPress, 1994.
VII. History of Culture

Winter, Lorenz. Heinrich Mann und sein Publikum:eine literatursoziolo-
gische Studie zum Verhdltnisvon Autor und Offentlichkeit.Koln: Westdeutscher
Verlag, 1965.
Borchmeyer,Dieter. Tragodieund Offentlichkeit:Schillers Dramaturgieim
Zusammenhangseiner dsthetisch-politischenTheorieund die rhetorische Tradi-
tion. Miinchen:W. Fink, 1973.
Brauneck,Manfred.Literaturund Offentlichkeitim ausgehenden 19. Jahr-
hundert: Studien zur Rezeption des naturalistischenTheaters in Deutschland.
Stuttgart:J.B. Metzler, 1974.
Plumb, J. H. "The Public, Literature,and the Arts in the Eighteenth Cen-
tury."TheEmergenceof Leisure.Ed. Michael R. Marrus.New York:Harperand
Row, 1974.
Milde, Ulf. " 'BiirgerlicheOffentlichkeit'als Modell der Literaturentwick-
lung des 18. Jahrhunderts."WestberlinerProjekt: Grundkurs18. Jahrhundert.
Eds. Gerd Mattenklottand Klaus Scherpe. 2nd ed. Kronberg:Scriptor, 1976.
41-73. [attemptto prove thatHabermasis a bourgeoisideologue]
Wiesand, Andreas Johannes.Literaturund Offentlichkeitin der Bundesre-
publikDeutschland. Miinchen:Hanser,1976.
Brinckmann,Christine.Drama und Offentlichkeitin der englischen Roman-
tik: eine Untersuchungzum Verhiltnisvon TheaterundLesedrama.Frankfurtam
Main: P. Lang, 1977.
Keldany-Mohr, Irmgard. "Unterhaltungsmusik" als soziokulturelles
Phdnomendes 19. Jahrhunderts:Untersuchungiiber den EinfluJfder musikalis-
chen Offentlichkeitauf die Herausbildungeines neuen Musiktypes.Regensburg:
G. Bosse, 1977.
Gleber, Klaus. Theaterund Offentlichkeit:Produktions-und Rezeptionsbe-
dingungenpolitischen Theatersam Beispiel Piscator 1920-1966. Frankfurtam
Main: P. Lang, 1979.
Arthur Strum 191
Weigel, Sigrid.Flugschriften1848. Stuttgart:Metzler, 1979.

Burger, Christa, Peter Burger, and Jochen Schulte-Sasse, eds. Aufklirung
und literarische Offentlichkeit.Frankfurtam Main:Suhrkamp,1980.
Labuhn,Wolfgang.LiteraturundOffentlichkeit im Vormdrz: das Beispiel Lud-
wig Borne. K6nigstein:VerlagsgruppeAtheneum,Hain, Scriptor,Hanstein,1980.
Munz-Koenen, Ingeborg."Literaturverhaltnisse und literarischeOffentlich-
keit 1945 bis 1949." Literarisches Leben in der DDR 1945 bis 1960. Ed.
Munz-Koenen.Berlin:Akademie, 1980.
McLean, William Scott, ed. Private Song and the Public Sphere: Some
Remarkson the Developmentof Holderlin'sLaterPoetry. Bern:Francke, 1981.
Bach, H. "LuthersBedeutungfir die deutscheSpracheund fur die Entwick-
lung einer literarischenOffentlichkeit."Luther und die Reformation.Ed. Bjorn
Ekmann.Kopenhagen:W. Fink, 1982.
Fehervary,Helen. "Autorschaft,GeschlechtbewuBtseinund Offentlichkeit:
Versuchiiber Heiner MullersDie Hamletmaschineund ChristaWolfs Kein Ort.
Nirgends." Entwiirfe von Frauen in der Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ed.
Irmelavon der Luhe. Berlin:Argument,1982.
Greiner,Bernhard."ProletarischeOffentlichkeit:Begriffaufgehobenerdeut-
scher Misere und der Literaturder DDR." Deutsche Misere einst undjetzt. Ed.
Paul GerhardKlussmann.Bonn: Bouvier, 1982.
Weber,Peter. "Politikund Poesie: LiterarischeOffentlichkeitim Ubergang
zur Kunstperiode."Kunstperiode:Studien zur deutschen Literatur des ausge-
henden 18. Jahrhunderts.Berlin:Akademie, 1982.
Weinmayer, Barbara. Studien zur Gebrauchssituationfruher deutscher
Druckprosa:literarische Offentlichkeitin Vorredenzu AugsburgerFriihdrucken.
Miinchen:Artemis, 1982.
Berman, Russell A. Between Fontane and Tucholsky:LiteraryHistory and
Public Spherein ImperialGermany.New York:PeterLang, 1983.
Hansen, Miriam. "EarlySilent Cinema:Whose Public Sphere?"New Ger-
man Critique29 (Spring-Summer1983): 147-84.
Randow,Andreasvon. "Offentlichkeit, Erfahrung undBeschreibung:Hausviter-
und als
republik Gelehrtenrepublik M6glichkeiten kultureller
PartizipationderBurger
NicolaiundChodowieckiin friderizianischen Berlin."Dissertation.Bonn, 1983.
Crow,Thomas E. Painter and Public Life in Eighteenth-CenturyParis. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.
Frankl,Dorothea."Journalismand the Public Sphere:the RhetoricalStrate-
gies of Ludwig B6rne."Dissertation.Princeton,1985.
Merschmeier,Michael. "Aufkldrung-Theaterkritik-Offentlichkeit: mit einem
zeitgen6ssischen Exkurs." Freie
Dissertation. UniversitatBerlin, 1985.
Obenaus,Sibylle. Literarischeundpolitische Zeitschriften,1848-1880. Stut-
tgart:Metzler Verlag, 1987.
Gier, Albert. "Revolutionareund biirgerlicheOffentlichkeit:Zu periodischer
Presse und Massenliteratur in Pariszwischen 1789-1794."Literaturderfranzdsis-

chen Revolution:Eine Einfiihrung.Ed. HenningKrauss.Stuttgart:Metzler,1988.
Hansen, Miriam. "Reinventingthe Nickelodeon:Notes on Kluge and Early
Cinema."October46 (Fall 1988): 179-98.
Kantzenbach,FriedrichWilhelm.TraditionenEuropasim Spiegel von Litera-
tur: Privatheit und Offentlichkeitder christlichen Religion zwischen Thomas
MorusundDenis Diderot.Saarbriicken-Scheit: Dadder,1988.
Zipes, Jack. "Walter Benjamin, Children's Literature,and the Children's
Public Sphere:An Introductionto New Trendsin West and East Germany."Ger-
manic Review 63.1 (1988): 2-5.
Berman,Russell. "Writingfor the Book Industry."ModernCultureand Crit-
ical Theory:Art, Politics, and the Legacy of the FrankfurtSchool. Madison:Uni-
versity of Wisconsin Press, 1989. [capitalist rationalization and literary
Offentlichkeit]
Dimpfl, Monika. "Die Zeitschriften der Kunstwart, Freie Biihne/Neue
Deutsche Rundschau und Blatter fir die Kunst: Organization literarischer
Offentlichkeit um 1900." Zur Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur im 19.
Jahrhundert:Einzelstudien.Ed. Georg Jager.Tiibingen:Niemeyer, 1989.
Gray, Richard. "Romanticismand the Discourse of Revolution: Heine's
Ideen:Das Buch Le Grandand Literaturein the Public Sphere."Monatshefte81
(Spring 1989): 27-44.
Hohendahl, Peter Uwe. Building a National Literature:The Case of Ger-
many,1830-1870. Ithaca:CornellUniversityPress, 1989. [on 1848 and early lib-
eral public sphere]
Knoper, Randall. " 'Away from Home and Amongst Strangers':Domestic
Sphere,Public Arena,and HuckleberryFinn."Prospects 14 (1989): 125-40.
Berghahn,Klaus."Mitdem Riickenzum Publikum:AutonomiederKunstund
literarischeOffentlichkeitin der WeimarerKlassik."Revolutionund Autonomie.
Ed. WolfgangWittkowski.Tiibingen:Niemeyer,1990.
Brandes,Helga. "DerFrauenromanund die literarisch-publizistischeOffen-
tlichkeit im 18. Jahrhundert." UntersuchungenzumRomanvon Frauen um 1800.
Ed. Helga Gallas. Tiibingen:Niemeyer, 1990.
Kruger,Loren."TheDis-Play'sthe Thing:Genderand Public Spherein Con-
temporaryBritishTheater."TheatreJournal42 (March1990):27-47.
Schramm,Helmar."Theatralitiit und Offentlichkeit:Vorstudienzur Begriffs-
geschichtevon 'Theater'."Weimarer Beitrdge36.2 (1990): 223-39.
Warer, Michael.TheLettersof theRepublic:Publicationand thePublicSphere
in Eighteenth-Century America.Cambridge: HarvardUniversityPress, 1990.
Zantop,Susanne."Aus der Not eine Tugend:Tugendgebotund 6ffentlichkeit
bei FriederikeHelene Zunger."Untersuchungen zumRomanvonFrauen um 1800.
Ed. Helga Gallas.Tiibingen:Niemeyer,1990.
Baur,Wolfgang-Dieter.Johann GeorgHamannals Publizist:zum Verhdltnis
Arthur Strum 193
von Verkiindigung und Offentlichkeit.Berlin:de Gruyter,1991.

Brandes, Helga. Die Zeitschriftendes Jungen Deutschland: eine Untersu-
chung zur literarisch-publizistischenOffentlichkeitim 19. Jahrhundert.Opladen:
WestdeutscherVerlag, 1991.
Brandes,Ute. "BaroqueWomenWritersandthe PublicSphere."Womenin Ger-
man Yearbook: FeministStudiesin GermanLiteratureand culture7 (1991): 43-63.
Peiss, Kathy. "Going Public: Women in Nineteenth-CenturyCulturalHis-
tory."AmericanLiteraryHistory 3 (Winter1991): 817-28. [review of recent fem-
inist culturalhistory]
Saccamano, Neil. "The Consolations of Ambivalence: Habermas and the
Public Sphere."ModernLanguageNotes 106 (April 1991): 685-98.
Wagner, Karl. Die literarische Offentlichkeitder Provinzliteratur: der
VolksschriftstellerPeter Rosenegger.Tiubingen:Niemeyer, 1991.
Altmayer,Claus.Auflddrungals Populdrphilosophie: BiirgerlichesIndividuum
und Offentlichkeit bei ChristianGarve.St. Ingbert:R6hrig,1992.
Hadley,Elaine. "TheOld Price Wars:Melodramatizingthe Public Spherein
Early 19th-CenturyEngland."PMLA107 (1992): 524-37.
Kontje,Todd.PrivateLives in thePublic Sphere:the GermanBildungsroman
as Metafiction.UniversityPark,PA:PennsylvaniaStateUniversityPress, 1992.
Richetti,J. 'The PublicSphereandthe Eighteenth-Century Novel: Social Criti-
cism andNarrativeEnactment." Eighteenth-Century Life 16.3 (1992): 114-29.
Zeyringer, Klaus. Innerlichkeitund Offentlichkeit:osterreichische Literatur
der achtzigerJahre. Tiibingen:Francke,1992.
Brandt, Riidiger. Enklaven, Exklaven: zur literarischen Darstellung von
Offentlichkeitund Nicht6ffentlichkeitim Mittelalter:Interpretationen,Motiv und
Terminologiestudien.Miinchen:Fink, 1993.
Chapman, Kathleen Gail. "Freudeund Glanz: Distraction and the Public
Sphere in Siegfried Kracauer's'JacquesOffenbachund das Paris Seiner Zeit'."
Dissertation.University of SouthernCalifornia,1993.
Fanuzzi, Robert A. " 'Be Yourself': The Public Sphere and Revolutionary
Politics of the New EnglandAbolition Movement."Dissertation.Northwestern
University, 1993.
Griffin,Dustin. "Fictionsof Eighteenth-Century Authorship."Essays in Criti-
cism 43 (July 1993): 181-94. [critiqueof "Marxistconcept"of public sphere]
Hansen, Miriam. "Unstable Mixtures, Dilated Spheres: Negt and Kluge's
ThePublic Sphereand Experience,TwentyYearsLater."Public Culture5 (Win-
ter 1993): 179-212.
- "EarlyCinema,Late Cinema,Permutationsof the Public Sphere."Screen
34 (Fall 1993): 197+.
Lohmann,Ingrid.Bildung, biirgerlicheOffentlichkeitundBeredsamkeit:zur
pddagogischen Transformationder Rhetorikzwischen 1750 und 1850. Miinster:
Waxmann,1993.
Rasch, William."Mensch,Burger,Weib:Genderand the Limitationsof Late

18th-Century NeohumanistDiscourse."GermanQuarterly66 (Winter1993):20-33.
Read, AndreaBallou. "TheatricalDiscourseand the Public Sphere:The His-
torical Drama of Counter-Memoryin 20th-CenturySpain and Latin America."
Dissertation.Universityof Chicago, 1993.
Solkin, David H. Paintingfor Money: the VisualArts and the Public Sphere
in Eighteenth-CenturyEngland.New Haven:Yale UniversityPress, 1993.
Zomchick, John. Family and the Law in Eighteenth-CenturyFiction: the
Public Conscience in the Private Sphere. Cambridge:Cambridge University
Press, 1993.
Bathrick, David. The Power of Words.Lincoln: University of Nebraska
Press, forthcoming.[on Offentlichkeitin the GermanDemocraticRepublic]
VIII. Theory of Culture

Frisch,Max. Offentlichkeitals Partner.Frankfurtam Main:Suhrkamp,1967.
Glotz, Peter. Buchkritik in deutschen Zeitungen. Hamburg: Verlag fiir
Buchmarkt-Forschung,1968. [early liberalcritiqueof Habermas'smodel of dis-
integrationof public sphere]
Jacob, Hans. "Asthetik und Offentlichkeit in Sterheims dramatischen
Werk."Dissertation.Miinchen,1970.
Cipa,Peter,ed. Kunst+ 6ffentlichkeit=? Bonn:Am6ben-Presse,1971.
Hohendahl,PeterUwe. Literaturkritikund Miinchen:Piper,1974.
Offentlichkeit.
Maier, Hansj6rg, and Willy Praml. Lehrlingstheater und proletarische
Offentlichkeit:(Berichte,Texte,Materialenzur proletarischenKulturarbeit).2nd
ed. Frankfurtam Main:VerlagJugendund Politik, 1974.
Neuenhausen, Siegfried, ed. Kunstund Offentlichkeit:InternationalAssoci-
ation of Art's Ninth Congress. Stuttgart:InternationaleGesellschaft der Bil-
dendenKiinste, 1979.
Fohrbeck,Karla.KulturelleOffentlichkeitin Bremen.Bremen:J.H. Schmal-
feldt, 1980.
Kluge, Alexander,and Klaus Eder,eds. UlmerDramaturgien:Reibungsver-
luste. Miinchen:Hanser, 1980.
Benrekassa,Georges."Sphee publiqueet sphee privee:le romancieret le phi-
losopheinterpr6tesdes Lumi&res." Revuedes SciencesHumaines182 (1981): 7-20.
Hansen, Miriam. "CooperativeAuteur Cinema and Oppositional Public
Sphere:Alexander Kluge's Contributionto Germanyin Autumn."New German
Critique24-25 (Fall-Winter1981): 36-56.
Klein, Hans-Joachim. Museum und Offentlichkeit:Fakten und Daten,
Motive und Barrieren.Berlin:Mann, 1981.
Kluge, Alexander."On Film and the Public Sphere."New GermanCritique
24-25 (Fall-Winter1981): 206-20.
Arthur Strum 195
Negt, Oskar,and AlexanderKluge. GeschichteundEigensinn. Frankfurtam

Main:Zweitausendeins,1981.
Hohendahl,PeterUwe. TheInstitutionof Criticism.Ithaca,NY: CornellUni-
versity Press, 1982. [includes "CriticalTheory,Public Sphere and Culture:Jiir-
gen Habermasand His Critics"and "LiteraryCriticismand the Public Sphere"]
Weimann,Robert.Kunstensembleund Offentlichkeit.Halle: Mitteldeutscher,
1982.
Boylan, Harald. Theatersammlungund Offentlichkeit:Voriiberlegungen fur
ein Konzeptvon "Theatermuseum. " Frankfurtam Main:Peter Lang, 1983.
Hammer,Brigitte. OrganisierteKunstvermittlungund Offentlichkeit:Unter-
suchungen zur Strukturdes Ausstellungswesensin der BundesrepublikDeut-
schland. Frankfurtam Main:Haag & Herchen,1983.
Hansen,Miriam."AlexanderKluge, Cinemaandthe Public Sphere:The Con-
structionSite of Counter-History." Discourse 6 (Fall 1983): 53-74.
Kluge, Alexander, ed. Bestandsaufnahme: UtopieFilm. Frankfurtam Main:
Zweitausendeins,1983.
Gever, Martha."PressurePoints: Video in the Public Sphere."Art Journal
45.3 (1985): 238-43.
Gransow, Volker. Der autistische Walkman:Elektronik,Offentlichkeitund
Privatheit. Berlin:VerlagDie Arbeitswelt,1985.
Wolle, Octavia. Theaterund Offentlichkeit.Berlin: Direktion fir das Biih-
nenrepertoire,1985.
Cruz, Jon David. "The Politics of PopularCulture:Black PopularMusic as
'Public Sphere'."Dissertation.Universityof Californiaat Berkeley, 1986.
Kluge, Alexander."The Political as Intensityof EverydayFeelings (1979)."
CulturalCritique4 (Fall 1986): 111-28.
- "Why Should Film and Television Cooperate?"October 46 (Fall 1988):
96-102. [on the "MainzManifesto,"which called for an expandedpublic sphere]
Liebman,Stuart."OnNew GermanCinema,Art,Enlightenment,andthe Public
Sphere:an InterviewwithAlexanderKluge."October46 (Fall 1988):23-59.
Felski, Rita. "Politics, Aesthetics, and the Feminist Public Sphere."Beyond
Feminist Aesthetics: FeministLiteratureand Social Change. Cambridge,Mass.:
HarvardUniversity Press, 1989. 154-82.
Grasskamp,Walter.Die unbewdltigteModerne: Kunst und Offentlichkeit.
Miinchen:C.H. Beck, 1989.
James, David E. "Artin the Public Sphere."ArtweekJune 17 1989: 13. [on
AlexanderKluge]
Derks, Paul. Die Schande der heiligen Pederastie: Homosexualitdt und
Offentlichkeit.Berlin: VerlagRosa, 1990.
Rowland, Robert."Purpose,ArgumentEvaluation,and the Crisis in the Pub-
lic Sphere."ArgumentationTheoryand Rhetoricof Assent. Ed. Michael Hazen.
Tuscaloosa:University of Alabama, 1990.
Stiiries, Andreas. Intimitdt und Offentlichkeit: eine Untersuchung der

ErzdhlungenEduardvon Keyserlings.Frankfurtam Main:P. Lang, 1990.
Glaser,Hermann."Literatur,Kultur-Politikund Offentlichkeit:Ein pers6nli-
ches Brevier."Kultureller Wandelund die Germanistikin der Bundesrepublik.
Ed. JohannesJanota.Tiibingen:Niemeyer, 1991.
Preusser, Heinz-Peter. Zivilisationskritikund literarische Offentlichkeit:
strukturale und wertungstheoretischeUntersuchungzur erzdhlenden Texten
ChristophHeins. Frankfurtam Main:PeterLang, 1991.
Charre,Alain, ed. Art et Espace Publics. Givors:OMAC, 1992.
Hepburn,Allan. "Above Suspicion:Audienceand Deception in Under West-
ern Eyes." Studies in the Novel 24.3 (1992): 282-297. [on representationof pub-
lic spherein novel]
Hockens, Sidney Nicholas. "On the Importanceof Privacy for the Public
Sphere:the Politics and Metaphorof Self-Authorship."Dissertation.Northwest-
ern, 1993.
Jameson, Fredric."On Negt and Kluge." The Phantom Public Sphere. Ed.
Bruce Robbins.Minneapolis:Universityof MinnesotaPress, 1993.
Polan, Dana. "The Public's Fear;or, Media as Monsterin Habermas,Negt,
and Kluge." ThePhantomPublic Sphere(1993).
Yidice, George. "For a PracticalAesthetics." The Phantom Public Sphere
(1993). [on queerpolitics, a public art,and the public sphere]
IX. Gender, Sexuality, Race and Ethnicity, or Class

Grossmann, Elisabeth. Mann und Frau in Familie und Offentlichkeit.
Miinchen:M. Hueber, 1964.
Maier, Hansj6rg, and Willy Praml. Lehrlingstheater und proletarische
Offentlichkeit:(Berichte, Texte, Materialien zur proletarischen Kulturarbeit).
2nd ed. Frankfurtam Main:VerlagJugendund Politik, 1974.
Rosaldo, Michelle. "Women, Culture, and Society: A Theoretical Over-
view." Woman,Culture,and Society. Eds. M. Z. Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere.
Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1974. 17-42. [on association of
women with privatespaces and domesticfunctions]
Kn6dler-Bunte, Eberhard."The ProletarianPublic Sphere and Political
Organization."New GermanCritique4 (Spring 1975): 51-75.
Paris,Rainer."ClassStructureandLegitimatoryPublicSphere:A Hypothesison
the ContinuedExistenceof ClassRelationshipsand the Problemof Legitimationin
TransitionalSocieties."New GermanCritique5 (Spring1975): 149-57.
Hertz, Deborah."Salonieresand LiteraryWomenin Late Eighteenth-Century
Berlin."New GermanCritique14 (Spring1978):97-108.
Brinckmann,John."MassMedia:FromCollective Experienceto the Culture
of Privatization."Social Text1 (Winter1979):94-109. [on constructingproletarian
Arthur Strum 197
counter-publicsphere]
Weiner,RichardR. "TheTradeUnion Movementand its Public Sphere:The
Perspective of Cultural Marxism."Meeting of Southern Sociological Society.
United States: 1979.
Geiger, Ruth.Der Teufelsoil die Wiihlerpresseholen! : Zeitschriftenopposi-
tioneller Offentlichkeitvon der Jakobiner zur Berliner Mdrz-Revolution1848.
Berlin:K. Guhl, 1980.
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. Public Man, Private Woman:Womenin Social and
Political Thought.Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress, 1981.
Geiger, Ruth-Esther,and Sigrid Weigel. Sind das noch Damen? VomGele-
hrten Frauenzimmer-Journalismus zumfeministischenJournalismus.Miinchen:
Frauenbuchverlag,1981.
Ostner,Ilona. "Frauenund Offentlichkeit."Arch+ (December 1981): 21-30.
Fehervary,Helen. "Autorschaft,GeschlechtbewuBtseinund Offentlichkeit:
Versuchiiber Heiner MullersDie Hamletmaschineund ChristaWolfs Kein Ort.
Nirgends." Entwiirfe von Frauen in der Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ed.
Irmelavon der Luhe. Berlin:Argument,1982.
Filiaci, Anne Marie. "Raisingthe Republic:AmericanWomen in the Public
Sphere."Dissertation.Univ. Californiaat San Diego, 1982.
Krygier, Martin. "Publicness,Privateness,and Primitive Law."Public and
Private in Social Life. Eds. S. I. Benn and G. F. Gaus. New York: St. Martin's
Press, 1983.
Baker, Paula. "The Domesticationof Politics: Women and AmericanPoliti-
cal Society, 1780-1920."AmericanHistoricalReview 89 (1984): 620-47.
Scott, Anne Firor."On Seeing and Not Seeing: A Case of Historical Invisi-
bility."AmericanHistory 71 (1984): 7-21. [on absence of women from historical
Americanpublic]
Siltanen,Janet,and Michelle Stanworth,eds. Womenand the Public Sphere:
a Critiqueof Sociology and Politics. New York:St. Martin'sPress, 1984.
Yeatman,Anna. "Genderand the Differentiationof Social Life into Public
and PrivateDomains."Social Analysis 15 (August 1984): 32-50.
Hall, Catherine."PrivatePersons versus Public Someones: Class, Gender,
and Politics in England, 1780-1850." Language, Gender and Childhood. Eds.
Carolyn Steedman, Cathy Urwin and ValerieWalkerdine.Boston: Routledge &
Kegan Paul, 1985.
Ballhausen, Anne. Zwischen traditionellemEngagement und neuem Selb-
stverstdndnis;weibliche Prdsenz in der Offentlichkeit:eine empirische Untersu-
chung zur politischen und sozialen Partizipation von Frauen. Bielefeld: B.
Kleine, 1986.
Cruz, Jon David. "The Politics of PopularCulture:Black PopularMusic as
'Public Sphere'."Dissertation.Universityof Californiaat Berkeley, 1986.
Fraser,Nancy."OnUses andAbusesof FrenchDiscourseTheoriesfor Feminist
Politics."boundary2 17 (Summer1986):82-101. [on constitutionof identity- con-

traLacan- throughpost-Oedipaldiscursiveinteractionin publicspheres]
Pateman, Carole. "Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private Dichotomy."
Feminism and Equality.Ed. Anne Phillips. Oxford:New YorkUniversity Press,
1987. 103-26.
Young, Iris Marion."Impartialityand the Civic Public:Some Implicationsof
Feminist Critiques of Moral and Political Theory."Feminism as Critique. Eds.
Seyla Benhabib and Drucilla Cornell. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Press, 1987.
Landes, Joan. Womenand the Public Spherein the Age of the French Revo-
lution. Ithaca:CornellUniversityPress, 1988.
Pateman, Carole. "The FraternalSocial Contract."Civil Society and the
State. Ed. John Keane. London:Verso, 1988. [on the structuringsignificance of
exclusion of women frompolitical public sphere]
Stamm, Karl-Heinz. Alternative Offentlichkeit:die Erfahrungsproduktion
neuer sozialer Bewegungen.Frankfurtam Main:Campus, 1988.
Willen, Diane. "Womenin the Public Spherein Early Moder England:the
Case of the Urban WorkingPoor." The Sixteenth CenturyJournal 19 (Winter
1988): 559-75.
Bimbaum, Pierre. "Jews: Retaining Their Identity or Entering the Public
Sphere: The French Revolution and Choice of Actors." Revue Franqaise de
Sociologie 30.3-4 (1989). [title translated]
Curry-Jansen,Sue. Feminist Materialism: The Challenge to Dialogically-
Based Theoriesof Democracy.ERIC, 1989. ED 311 521. [on feminist epistemo-
logy and reconstructingthe public sphere]
Felski, Rita. "Politics, Aesthetics, and the Feminist Public Sphere."Beyond
Feminist Aesthetics: FeministLiteratureand Social Change. Cambridge,Mass.:
HarvardUniversity Press, 1989. 154-182.
Fraser,Nancy. "What'sCriticalAbout CriticalTheory?The Case of Haber-
mas and Gender."UnrulyPractices: Power,Discourse and Genderin Contempo-
rary Social Theory.Minneapolis:Universityof MinnesotaPress, 1989.
Gartner,Hans-Dieter.Der Griffnach der Offentlichkeit:GrundsdtzeundZiele
der neuenIG MedienimDeutschenGewerkschaftsbund. Koln:Tiberius,1989.
Marshall, Sherrin, ed. Womenin Reformation and Counter-Reformation
Europe:Public and Private Worlds.Bloomington:IndianaUniversityPress, 1989.
Othenin-Girard, Mireille,and Anna G6ssenreiter,eds. Frauen und Offentlich-
keit:Beitrdgeder 6. Schweizerischen Historikerinnentagung. Zurich:Chronos,1989.
Outram, Dorinda. The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class, and
Political Culture.New Haven:Yale UniversityPress, 1989.
Brandes, Helga. "Der Frauenroman und die literarisch-publizistische
Offentlichkeitim 18. Jahrhundert." Untersuchungenzum Romanvon Frauen um
1800. Ed. Helga Gallas. Tiibingen:Niemeyer, 1990.
Arthur Strum 199
Derks, Paul. Die Schande der heiligen Pederastie: Homosexualitdt und

Offentlichkeit.Berlin:VerlagRosa, 1990.
Kruger,Loren."TheDis-Play'sthe Thing:Genderand Public Spherein Con-
temporaryBritishTheater."TheatreJournal42 (March1990):27-47.
Ryan, Mary. Womenin Public: Between Banners and Ballots, 1825-1880.
Baltimore:Johns HopkinsUniversityPress, 1990.
Tasini, Jonathon.Lost in the Margins: Labor and the Media. New York:
FAIR, 1990.
Zantop,Susanne."Aus der Not eine Tugend:Tugendgebotund Offentlichkeit
bei FriederikeHelene Zunger."Untersuchungen zumRomanvon Frauen um 1800.
Ed. Helga Gallas.Tiibingen:Niemeyer,1990.
Abracinskas,Lilian, ed. FeministischeOffentlichkeit-partriarchale Medi-
enwelt. Koln: Eigenverlag des VereinsBeitrage zur feministischen Theorie und
Praxis, 1991.
Brandes,Ute. "BaroqueWomenWritersandthe PublicSphere."Womenin Ger-
man Yearbook: FeministStudiesin GermanLiteratureand culture7 (1991): 43-63.
Encel, Sol, and Dorothy Campbell.Out of the Doll's House: Womenin the
Public Sphere.Melbourne:LongmanCheshire,1991.
Peiss, Kathy. "Going Public: Women in Nineteenth-CenturyCulturalHis-
tory."AmericanLiteraryHistory3 (Winter1991): 817-28. [review of recent fem-
inist culturalhistory]
Striiter,Karin. Frauenbriefe als Medium biirgerlicher Offentlichkeit:eine
Untersuchunganhand von Quellen aus dem HamburgerRaum in der zweiten
Hdlftedes 18. Jahrhunderts.Frankfurtam Main:PeterLang, 1991.
Sykes, Roberta B. "Blacks in the Public Sphere."Hecate 17 (May 1991):
32+. [on Australia]
Bensimon, Estela-Maria."LesbianExistence and the Challenge to Norma-
tive Constructionsof the Academy."Journal of Education 174.3 (1992): 98-113.
[on inequities of academicpublic sphere]
Biesecker, Barbara."Towardsa TransactionalView of Rhetoricaland Femi-
nist Theory: RereadingHelen Cixous"s 'The Laugh of the Medusa'." Southern
CommunicationJournal 57 (Winter1992): 86-96. [on a rhetoricenablingwomen
to intervenein public sphere]
Biesecker, Susan L. "Rhetoric,Possibility, and Women's Status in Ancient
Athens: Gorgias' and Isocrates' Encomiumsof Helen." Rhetoric Society Quar-
terly 22 (Winter 1992): 99-108. [on law institutedby Pericles which could have
made possible resistanceto women's exclusion frompublic sphere]
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tin's Press, 1992.
Fraser,Nancy. "Sex, Lies, and the Public Sphere:Some Reflections on the
Confirmationof ClarenceThomas."CriticalInquiry18 (Spring 1992): 595-612.
Gordon,Daniel."Philosophy,Sociology,andGenderin the EnlightenmentCon-
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Hemandez, Adriana."Towardsa Politics of Difference: Pedagogy, Democ-
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Landes, Joan. "JiirgenHabermas,The StructuralTransformationof the Pub-
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Stearney,LynnM. "PrivateExpressionin the Public Sphere:The Rhetoricof
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Bowman, CynthiaGrant."StreetHarassmentand the InformalGhettoization
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Arthur Strum 201
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Rayaprol,Apara. "Genderand the Renegotiationof Public/PrivateSpheres
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Read, AndreaBallou. "TheatricalDiscourseandthe Public Sphere:The His-
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A Bibliography of the Concept Öffentlichkeit

Author(s): Arthur Strum

A bibliographyof the concept, Offentlichkeit- a term which can be

* This bibliography is also a bibliographyof two terms with distinct histories.

of public or counter-publicspheres today, but it may reveal something

3. See ZygmuntBauman,Legislatorsand Interpreters(Oxford:Polity, 1987).

transformsthe contingency of one's social and disciplinarylocation into

4. Habermas, Jiirgen. The Structural Transformationof the Public Sphere: An

often blamed for fragmentingthe universitypublic, as well as the political

6. This phraseis borrowedfromJiirgenHabermas,ThePhilosophical Discourse of

gory: assuming that most could be listed undermany differentrubrics,I

8. These referencesare groupedtogetherbecause much of this work reflects upon

I. Some Recent Collectionsof Essays on Offentlichkeit

I. Some Recent Collections of Essays on Offentlichkeit

Inquiryinto a Categoryof Bourgeois Society (1962). Trans.Thomas Burgerwith

Critique3 (Fall 1974): 45-48.

Elshtain, Jean Bethke. Public Man, Private Woman:Womenin Social and

public sphere as practicalsolutionto alienation]

1989): 5-22. [liberaltheoryof dialogue and social order]

CommunicationStudies 40.4 (1989): 258-65. [public space within organizations;

sion of applicabilityof dialogicalmodel of publicsphereto contemporarymedia]

Habermas,Jiirgen."FurtherReflections on the Public Sphere."Habermas

Albany: State University of New YorkPress, 1993.

Ed. Bruce Robbins. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1993.

IV. Social and Political History:

Marshall, Sherrin, ed. Womenin Reformationand Counter-Reformation

B. 18th century (social and political history)

Filiaci, Anne Marie. "Raisingthe Republic:AmericanWomenin the Public

ChronikintheDevelopmentofa PoliticalPublicSphere.New York:PeterLang, 1990.

undForm der Offentlichkeitim 18. Jahrhundert.Bielefeld:AisthesisVerlag,1992.

C. 19th-century (social and political history)

Carolyn Steedman, Cathy Urwin and Valerie Walkerdine.Boston: Routledge &

D. 20th-century (social and political history)

Niederlage und ihre Folgen. Diisseldorf:BertelsmannUniversititsverlag, 1974.

V. Law, Politics, and Education

buchfiirBiirgerinitiativen Gruppen,Schiilerzeitungen u.a. Hamburg:VSA, 1978.

Bundesministeriumfiir Justiz, 1990.

Review 79 (October 1993): 1643-94.

VI. History and Theory of the News Media

Negt, Oskar."Mass Media: Tools of Dominationor Instrumentsof Libera-

Offentlichkeitin der BRD. Miinchen:Profil, 1985.

(1993): 57-83. [on radical-democratictheoryof news production]

VII. History of Culture

Weigel, Sigrid.Flugschriften1848. Stuttgart:Metzler, 1979.

Presse und Massenliteratur in Pariszwischen 1789-1794."Literaturderfranzdsis-

von Verkiindigung und Offentlichkeit.Berlin:de Gruyter,1991.

Rasch, William."Mensch,Burger,Weib:Genderand the Limitationsof Late

VIII. Theory of Culture

Negt, Oskar,and AlexanderKluge. GeschichteundEigensinn. Frankfurtam

Stiiries, Andreas. Intimitdt und Offentlichkeit: eine Untersuchung der

IX. Gender, Sexuality, Race and Ethnicity, or Class

Politics."boundary2 17 (Summer1986):82-101. [on constitutionof identity- con-

Derks, Paul. Die Schande der heiligen Pederastie: Homosexualitdt und

Lopata,Helena Znaniecka."The Interweaveof Public and Private:Women's

X. Non-European Public Spheres

Chatterjee,Partha."A Response to Taylor's'Modes of Civil Society'." Pub-

Public Spherein Buenos Aires, 1850s-1880s."Past & Present:A Journal of His-

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