STF1103 Statistics for Biologi II

Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman Test

1. Below are the combined MUET scores for three GPA ranges from random samples of
high school seniors. Use the data to test the hypothesis, at the 5% level of significance,
that there is no difference SAT score distribution among the three groups.

High School GPA 3.51 - 4.0 3.0 - 3.50 0 - 2.99

1220 700 500
1160 600 400
950 700 350
1070 720 400
1110 400 350
1150 860 500
1440 980 830
1280 800 810

Test for the independence of the 3 scores at 0.05 significant level, using the Kruskal-
Wallis non-parametric test. If the test is significant, test to see which of the test pairs
is/are significant.

2. Here are raw sample data on the women's heights in inches as broken down by various
age groups. Test the null hypothesis that heights have the same distribution for each age
group.

Age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20-29 69 68.25 68.25 69.25 70.75 68.75 72.5 69.75
30-39 64.75 67.5 68.25 67 64.75 66.5 64 68.25
40-49 60 61 62 61 62 63 60 \61
50-59 50 51 52 51 52 52 53 50

Assuming the 4 age groups are independent, test the 4 scores, using the Kruskal-Wallis
non-parametric test. If the test is significant, test to see which of the test pairs is/are
significant (Hint: the 4 age groups is the treatment)
3. Here are raw sample data on the women's heights in inches as broken down by various
age groups. Test the null hypothesis that heights have the same distribution for each age
group.

Age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20-29 69 68.25 68.25 69.25 70.75 68.75 72.5 69.75
30-39 64.75 67.5 68.25 67 64.75 66.5 64 68.25
40-49 60 61 62 61 62 63 60 \61
50-59 50 51 52 51 52 52 53 50

Assuming the 4 age groups are dependent, test the 4 scores, using the Friedman non-
parametric test. If the test is significant, test to see which of the test pairs is/are
significant (Hint: the 4 age groups is the treatment).

4. A researcher wants to examine whether music has an effect on the perceived

psychological effort required to perform an exercise session. The dependent variable is
"perceived effort to perform exercise" and the independent variable is "music type",
which consists of three groups: "no music", "classical music" and "dance music". To test
whether music has an effect on the perceived psychological effort required to perform an
exercise session, the researcher recruited 12 runners who each ran three times on a
treadmill for 30 minutes. For consistency, the treadmill speed was the same for all three
runs. In a random order, each subject ran: (a) listening to no music at all; (b) listening to
classical music; and (c) listening to dance music. At the end of each run, subjects were
asked to record how hard the running session felt on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being easy
and 10 extremely hard.

Runner None Classical Dance

1 8 8 7
2 7 6 6
3 6 8 6
4 8 9 7
5 5 8 5
6 9 7 7
7 7 7 7
8 8 7 7
9 8 6 8
10 7 6 6
11 7 8 6
12 9 9 6

Use the Friedman test (α= 0.05), to determine whether music has an effect on the perceived
psychological effort required to perform an exercise session.
5. To assess the effects of expectation on the perception of aesthetic quality, an investigator
randomly sorts 24 amateur wine aficionados into three groups, A, B, and C, of 8 subjects
each. Each subject is scheduled for an individual interview. Unfortunately, one of the
subjects of group B and two of group C fail to show up for their interviews, so the
investigator must make do with samples of unequal size: na=8, nb=7, and nc=6, for a
total of N=21. The subjects who do show up for their interviews are each asked to rate the
overall quality of each of three wines on a 10-point scale, with "1" standing at the bottom
of the scale and "10" at the top.
Group
A B C
6.4 2.5 1.3
6.8 3.7 4.1
7.2 4.9 4.9
8.3 5.4 5.2
8.4 5.9 5.5
9.1 8.1 8.2
9.4 8.2
9.7
Test for the independence of the 3 groups at 0.05 significant level, using the Kruskal-
Wallis non-parametric test. If the test is significant, test to see which of the test pairs
is/are significant.

6. In this analysis the one variable is the type of animal (fish, reptiles, or mammals), and the
response variable is the number of animals on display. The data come from the Pet shop
database. From the database, we use three variables number of reptiles on display, number
of fish on display and number of mammals on display. The researcher hypothesized that
stores would tend to display more fish than other types of animals, fewer reptiles, and an
intermediate number of mammals.

Reptile Fish Mammal

12 32 34
14 41 38
15 31 45
12 38 32
7 21 12
4 13 11
10 17 22
4 22 9
14 24 20
4 11 8
5 17 19
10 20 8

Use the Friedman test (α= 0.05), to test the hypothesis that stores would tend to display more
fish than other types of animals, fewer reptiles, and an intermediate number of mammals.